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Natural sources,refined extraction,biosynthesis,metabolism,and bioactivities of dietary polymethoxyflavones(PMFs)

Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第1期13卷 27-49页

作者： Renyou Gan Yi liu hang li Yu Xia Huan Guo Fang Geng Qiguo Zhuang Huabin li Dingtao Wu Research Center for Plants and Human Health Institute of Urban AgricultureChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesChengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology CenterChengdu 610213China Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsSichuan Engineering and Technology Research Centre of Coarse Cereal IndustralizationSchool of Food and Biological EngineeringChengdu UniversityChengdu 610106China China-New Zealand Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Kiwifruit Sichuan Provincial Academy of Natural Resource SciencesChengdu 610213China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and HealthSchool of Public HealthSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510080China

Polymethoxyflavones(PMFs)are a type of uncommon dietary flavonoids,characterized by more than one methoxy group,which exist in limited plant species,like Citrus species and Kaempferia parviflora.In addition,different PMFs,such as nobiletin,sinensetin,tangeretin,and casticin,have been isolated from these natural sources.PMFs have received increasing attention due to their multiple bioactivities,such as antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,anti-cancer,metabolic regulatory,immunoregulatory,neuroprotective,and skin protective effects.These bioactivities of PMFs should be associated with the regulation of critical molecular targets and the interaction with gut microbiota.In order to provide a comprehensive and updated review of PMFs,their natural sources,refined extraction,biosynthesis,metabolism,and bioactivities are summarised and discussed,with the emphasis on the molecular mechanisms of PMFs on regulating different chronic diseases.Overall,PMFs may be promising flavonoids to the forefront of nutraceuticals for the prevention and/or treatment of certain human chronic diseases.

关键词： Nobiletin O-Methyltransferases Gut microbiota Bioactivities Molecular mechanism

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Urea-induced interfacial engineering enabling highly reversible aqueous zinc-ion battery

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Rare Metals 2024年第4期43卷 1599-1609页

作者： Bin-Rui Xu Quan-An li Yong liu Guang-Bin Wang zi-He Zhang Feng-Zhang Ren School of Material Science and Engineering Henan University of Science and Technology School of Information Engineering Henan University of Science and Technology Longmen Laboratory Provincial and Ministerial Co-Construction of Collaborative Innovation Center for Non-Ferrous Metal New Materials and Advanced Processing Technology

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries（AziBs） have been regarded as prospective rechargeable energy storage devices because of the high theoretical capacity and low redox potential of Zn metal.However,the uncontrollable formation of dendrites and the water-induced side reactions at the Zn/electrolyte interface,and the poor reversibility under a high current density(> 2 mA·cm-2) and large area capacity(>2 mAh·cm-2) still limit the practical applications of AziBs.Therefore,a strategy that can overcome these difficulties is urgently needed.Here,we introduce an environmentally friendly and low-cost additive,namely urea,to the electrolyte of AziBs to induce uniform Zn deposition and suppress the side reactions.Measurements of the adsorption behavior,electrochemical characterization,and observations of the morphology revealed the interfacial modification induced by urea on the Zn/electrolyte interface,demonstrating its huge potential in AziBs.Consequently,the long-term cycling stability（over2100 h） of a Zn/Zn symmetric cell under a high current density of 5 mA·cm-2and a capacity of 5 mAh·cm-2was achieved with a 1 mol·L-1ZnSO4electrolyte with the urea additive.Additionally,the assembled Zn/NH4V4O10full cell with urea exhibited excellent cycling performance and an outstanding average Coulombic efficiency of 99.98%.These results indicate that this is a low-cost and effective additive strategy for realizing highly reversible AziBs.

关键词： Zn anode Urea additive Interface engineering Dendrite growth Side reaction

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Arbuscular mycorrhiza and plant growth promoting endophytes facilitates accumulation of saponin under moderate drought stress

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Chinese Herbal Medicines 2024年第2期16卷 214-226页

作者： Shubiao Qian Qing Zhang Sha li Rui Shi Xiahong He Shuhui zi Tao liu Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming 650201China National&Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Gemplasm Utilization&Innovation of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming 650201China Institute of Sericulture and Honeybee Honghe 661101China Southwest Forestry University Kunming 650201China

Objective: Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis, one of the important medicinal plant resources in Yunnan,China, usually takes 6–8 years to be harvested. Therefore, it is urgent to find a method that can not only shorten its growth years, but also improve its quality. In this study, we examined the effects of a combination treatment of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF) and plant growth-promoting endophytes(PGPE)and drought stress on the accumulation of saponins in it.Methods: P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis was infected with a mixture of AMF and PGPE under drought stress. The content of saponins, as well as morphological, physiological, and biochemical indicators, were all measured. The UGTs gene related to saponin synthesis was obtained from transcriptome data by homologous comparison, which were used for RT-PCR and phylogenetic analysis.Results: Regardless of water, AMF treatment could infect the roots of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis, however double inoculation with AMF and PGPE(AMF + PGPE) would reduce the infection rate of AMF. Plant height, aboveground and underground fresh weight did not differ significantly between the single inoculation AMF and the double inoculation treatment under different water conditions, but the inoculation treatment significantly increased the plant height of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis compared to the noninoculation treatment. Single inoculation with AMF considerably increased the net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis leaves under various water conditions, but double inoculation with AMF + PGPE greatly increased the intercellular CO2concentration and chlorophyll fluorescence parameter(Fv/Fm). Under diverse water treatments, single inoculation AMF had the highest proline content, whereas double inoculation AMF + PGPE may greatly improve the amount of abscisic acid(ABA) and indoleacetic acid(IAA) compared to normal water under moderate drought. Double inoculation AMF + PGPE treatment improved the proportion of N, P, a

关键词： arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi gene expression Paris polyphylla Smith var.yunnanensis (Franch.)Hand.-Mazz plant growth-promoting endophytes steroidal saponin

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Electroacupuncture Promotes Functional Recovery after Facial Nerve Injury in Rats by Regulating Autophagy via GDNF and PI3K/m TOR Signaling Pathway

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第3期30卷 251-259页

作者： YAO Jun-peng FENG Xiu-mei WANG Lu li Yan-qiu ZHU zi-yue YAN Xiang-yun YANG Yu-qing li Ying Zhang Wei Acupuncture and Tuina School Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu611137China Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Guanghan People’s HospitalGuanghanSichuan Province618399China Academic Affairs Office Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu611137China

Objective:To explore the mechanism of electroacupuncture(EA) in promoting recovery of the facial function with the involvement of autophagy,glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor(GDNF),and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase(PI3K)/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR) signaling pathway.Methods:Seventy-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into the control,sham-operated,facial nerve injury(FNI),EA,EA+3-methyladenine(3-MA),and EA+GDNF antagonist groups using a random number table,with 12 rats in each group.An FNI rat model was established with facial nerve crushing method.EA intervention was conducted at Dicang(ST 4),Jiache(ST 6),Yifeng(SJ 17),and Hegu(li 4) acupoints for 2 weeks.The Simone’s 10-Point Scale was utilized to monitor the recovery of facial function.The histopathological evaluation of facial nerves was performed using hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining.The levels of Beclin-1,light chain 3(LC3),and P62 were detected by immunohistochemistry(IHC),immunofluorescence,and reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction,respectively.Additionally,IHC was also used to detect the levels of GDNF,Rai,PI3K,and mTOR.Results:The facial functional scores were significantly increased in the EA group than the FNI group(Plin sheaths,which were destroyed immediately after the injury,were recovered with EA treatment.The expressions of Beclin-1 and LC3 were significantly elevated and the expression of P62 was markedly reduced in FNI rats(Phanges(P<0.01).Meanwhile,EA stimulation significantly increased the levels of GDNF,Rai,PI3K,and mTOR(P<0.01).After exogenous administration with autophagy inhibitor 3-MA or GDNF antagonist,the repair effect of EA on facial function was attenuated(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusions:EA could promote the recovery of facial function and repair the facial nerve damages in a rat model of FNI.EA may exert this neuroreparative effect through mediating the release of GDNF,activating the PI3

关键词： electroacupuncture facial nerve injury autophagy glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin Chinese medicine

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Bioengineered skin organoids:from development to applications

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Military Medical Research 2024年第3期11卷 449-466页

作者： zi-Xuan Hong Shun-Tian Zhu Hao li Jing-Zhi Luo Yu Yang Yang An Xi Wang Kai Wang Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology School of Basic Medical SciencesState Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and RemodelingPeking UniversityBeijing 100191China Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityChangzhou 213000JiangsuChina Department of Plastic Surgery Peking University Third HospitalBeijing 100191China Clinical Stem Cell Research Center Peking University Third HospitalBeijing 100191China State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Fuwai HospitalBeijing 100037China Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorder Related Cardiovascular Disease Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100050China

Signifcant advancements have been made in recent years in the development of highly sophisticated skin organoids.Serving as three-dimensional(3D)models that mimic human skin,these organoids have evolved into complex structures and are increasingly recognized as efective alternatives to traditional culture models and human skin due to their ability to overcome the limitations of two-dimensional(2D)systems and ethical concerns.The inherent plasticity of skin organoids allows for their construction into physiological and pathological models,enabling the study of skin development and dynamic changes.This review provides an overview of the pivotal work in the progression from 3D layered epidermis to cyst-like skin organoids with appendages.Furthermore,it highlights the latest advancements in organoid construction facilitated by state-of-the-art engineering techniques,such as 3D printing and microfuidic devices.The review also summarizes and discusses the diverse applications of skin organoids in developmental biology,disease modelling,regenerative medicine,and personalized medicine,while considering their prospects and limitations.

关键词： Skin organoid Organoid generation Skin appendage Tissue engineering Disease modelling Regenerative medicine

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One-pot and One-step Cu(0)-mediated Reversible-Deactivation Radical Polymerization of N-Isopropylacrylamide(NIPAM) in Water

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第1期42卷 1-6,I0004页

作者： zi-Shan li Jing Lyu Bei Qiu Ying-Hao li Ruth Foley Ri-Jian Song Melissa Johnson Qiang Geng Wen-Xin Wang Institute of Precision Medicine(AUST-IPM) Anhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainan 232001China Charles Institute of Dermatology School of MedicineUniversity College DublinDublin D04 V1W8Ireland

Copper(0)-mediated reversible-deactivation radical polymerization(Cu(0)-mediated RDRP) of the water-soluble monomer Nisopropylacrylamide(NIPAM) has been challenging with the problems of high dispersity, poor control over the molecular weights(MWs) or complex or multi reaction steps, etc. In this work, we report the well-controlled polymerization of NIPAM in water via a facile one-pot and one-step Cu(0)-mediated RDRP. The results of this approach show that the key for kicking off the Cu(0)-mediated NIPAM RDRPs is to ensure sufficient Cu~I at the very beginning, and the key to achieve a well-controlled chain growth is to provide adequate deactivation strength during the polymerization process. For NIPAM, which has a high propagation rate constant, the deactivation control can be effectively enhanced by extra adding deactivator(i.e., Cu~II) to the system. Moreover, a low reaction temperature(4 ℃) is necessary in the controlled synthesis of higher MW poly(Nisopropylacrylamide)(PNIPAM) to avoid the compromise in control caused by the phase transition from its lower critical solution temperature(LCST). Through this new kinetically controlled strategy, PNIPAMs with well-defined structure, narrow molecular weight distributions(MWDs) and varied MWs were successfully achieved.

关键词： Cu(0)-mediated RDRP N-isopropylacrylamide Propagation Deactivation Reaction parameters

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Driver Steering Behaviour Modelling Based on Neuromuscular Dynamics and Multi‑Task Time‑Series Transformer

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Automotive Innovation 2024年第1期7卷 45-58页

作者： Yang Xing Zhongxu Hu Xiaoyu Mo Peng hang Shujing li Yahui liu Yifan Zhao Chen Lv School of Aerospace Transport and ManufacturingCranfield UniversityCranfield MK430ALUnited Kingdom School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore College of Transportation Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China College of Computer Science and Technology Jilin UniversityChangchun 130012China School of Vehicle and Mobility Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Driver steering intention prediction provides an augmented solution to the design of an onboard collaboration mechanism between human driver and intelligent vehicle.In this study,a multi-task sequential learning framework is developed to pre-dict future steering torques and steering postures based on upper limb neuromuscular electromyography signals.The joint representation learning for driving postures and steering intention provides an in-depth understanding and accurate modelling of driving steering behaviours.Regarding different testing scenarios,two driving modes,namely,both-hand and single-right-hand modes,are studied.For each driving mode,three different driving postures are further evaluated.Next,a multi-task time-series transformer network(MTS-Trans)is developed to predict the future steering torques and driving postures based on the multi-variate sequential input and the self-attention mechanism.To evaluate the multi-task learning performance and information-sharing characteristics within the network,four distinct two-branch network architectures are evaluated.Empirical validation is conducted through a driving simulator-based experiment,encompassing 21 participants.The pro-posed model achieves accurate prediction results on future steering torque prediction as well as driving posture recognition for both two-hand and single-hand driving modes.These findings hold significant promise for the advancement of driver steering assistance systems,fostering mutual comprehension and synergy between human drivers and intelligent vehicles.

关键词： Driver steering behaviours Neuromuscular dynamics Multi-task learning Sequential transformer Intelligent vehicles

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Metagenomic analysis revealing the metabolic role of microbial communities in the free amino acid biosynthesis of Monascus rice vinegar during fermentation

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第4期13卷 2317-2326页

作者： hang Gao Jian Zhang li liu lijun Fu Yan Zhao Germán Mazza Xin Zhang Beijing Academy of Food Sciences 100068 BeijingChina Institute for Research and Development in Process Engineering Biotechnology and Alternative Energies(PROBIENCONICET-UNCo)8300 NeuquénArgentina

Free amino acid(FAA)is the important component of vinegar that infl uences quality perception and consumer acceptance.FAA is one of the major metabolites produced by microorganisms;however,the microbial metabolic network on FAA biosynthesis remains unclear.Through metagenomic analysis,this work aimed to elucidate the roles of microbes in FAA biosynthesis during Monascus rice vinegar fermentation.Taxonomic profiles from functional analyses showed 14 dominant genera with high contributions to the metabolism pathways.The metabolic network for FAA biosynthesis was then constructed,and the microbial distribution in different metabolic pathways was illuminated.The results revealed that 5 functional genera were closely involved in FAA biosynthesis.This study illuminated the metabolic roles of microorganisms in FAA biosynthesis and provided crucial insights into the functional attributes of microbiota in vinegar fermentation.

关键词： Monascus rice vinegar Metagenomic analysis Free amino acid synthesis Metabolic pathway Microbial distribution

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Genome-wide analysis of Panonychus citrimicro RNAs witha focus on potential insecticidal activity of 4 micro RNAs toeggs and nymphs

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Insect Science 2024年第2期31卷 354-370页

作者： Chuan-Zhen li Yu-hang liu Deng Pan Meng-Hao Xia Qiang Zhang Yu-Chuang li Guo-Rui Yuan Jin-Jun Wang Wei Dou Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering College of Plant ProtectionAcademy of Agricultural SciencesSouthwestUniversityChongqingChina Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River(Ministry of Education) Academy of Agricultural SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina

Panonychus citriMcGregor(Acari:Tetranychidae),a destructive citrus pest,causes considerable annual economic losses due to its short lifespan and rapid resistancedevelopment.MicroRNA(miRNA)-induced RNA interference is a promising approachfor pest control because of endogenous regulation of pest growth and development.Tosearch for miRNAs with potential insecticidal activity inP.citri,genome-wide analysis ofmiRNAs at different developmental stages was conducted,resulting in the identificationof 136 miRNAs,including 73 known and 63 novel miRNAs.A total of 17 isomiRNAsand 12 duplicated miRNAs were characterized.MiR-1 and miR-252-5p were identified asreference miRNAs forP.citriandTetranychus urticae.Based on differential expressionanalysis,treatments with miR-let-7a and miR-315 mimics and the miR-let-7a antagomirsignificantly reduced the egg hatch rate and resulted in abnormal egg development.Over-expression or downregulation of miR-34-5p and miR-305-5p through feeding significantlydecreased the adult eclosion rate and caused molting defects.The 4 miRNAs,miR-let-7a,miR-315,miR-34-5p,and miR-305-5p,had important regulatory functions and insectici-dal properties in egg hatching and adult eclosion.In general,these data advance our un-derstanding of miRNAs in mite biology,which can assist future studies on insect-specificmiRNA-based green pest control technology.

关键词： growth and development microRNAs Panonychus citri referencemiRNAs regulation small RNA libraries

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Degeneration of foundation cushion species induced by ecological constraints can cause massive changes in alpine plant communities

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Science China(life Sciences) 2024年第4期67卷 789-802页

作者： Jianguo Chen Xufang Chen lishen Qian Yazhou Zhang Bo li Honghua Shi Lu Sun Christian Schöb hang Sun Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China College of Resources and Environment Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming 650500China Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación Universidad Rey Juan CarlosMóstoles 28933Spain

Foundational cushion plants can re-organize community structures and sustain a prominent proportion of alpine biodiversity,but they are sensitive to climate change.The loss of cushion species can have broad consequences for associated biota.The potential plant community changes with the population dynamics of cushion plants remain,however,unclear.Using eight plant communities along a climatic and community successional gradient,we assessed cushion population dynamics,the underlying ecological constraints and hence associated plant community changes in alpine communities dominated by the foundational cushion plant Arenaria polytrichoides.The population dynamics of Arenaria are attributed to ecological constraints at a series of life history stages.Reproductive functions are constrained by increasing associated beneficiary plants;subsequent seedling establishment is constrained by temperature,water and light availability,extreme climate events,and interspecific competition;strong competitive exclusion may accelerate mortality and degeneration of cushion populations.Along with cushion dynamics,species composition,abundance and community structure gradually change.Once cushion plants completely degenerate,previously cushion-dominated communities shift to relatively stable communities that are overwhelmingly dominated by sedges.Climate warming may accelerate the degeneration process of A.polytrichoides.Degeneration of this foundational cushion plant will possibly induce massive changes in alpine plant communities and hence ecosystem functions in alpine ecosystems.The assessment of the population dynamics of foundation species is critical for an effective conservation of alpine biodiversity.

关键词： alpine ecosystem biodiversity change climate change plant community dynamics foundation species global warming population dynamics

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