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Effects of exergaming on motor skill competence,perceived competence,and physical activity in preschool children

Journal of Sport and Health Science 2019年第2期8卷 106-113页

作者： Zan Gao Nan Zeng zachary c.pope Ru Wang Fang Yu School of Kinesiology University of Minnesota-Twin Cities Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition Colorado State University School of Public Health University of Minnesota-Twin Cities School of Kinesiology Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education Shanghai University of Sport School of Nursing University of Minnesota-Twin Cities

Background: Few school settings offer opportunities for preschool children to engage in structured physical activity, and only a few studies have been conducted examining exergaming's effectiveness on health outcomes in this age group. This study's purpose, therefore, was to examine a school-based exergaming intervention's effect on preschool children's perceived competence(Pc), motor skill competence(MSc), and physical activity versus usual care(recess), as well as to examine gender differences for these ***: A total of 65 preschool children from 2 underserved urban schools were assigned to 1 of 2 conditions, with the school as the experimental unit:(1) usual care recess group(8 weeks of 100 min of recess/week(5 days ￡ 20 min)) and(2) exergaming intervention group(8 weeks of100 min of exergaming/week(5 days ￡ 20 min) at school). All children underwent identical assessments of Pc, MSc, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA) at baseline and at the end of the 8 th ***: A significant Group ￡ Time effect was observed for MVPA, F(1, 52) = 4.37, p = 0.04, h2 p= 0.04, but not for Pc, F(1, 52) = 0.83, p = 0.37,h2 p= 0.02, or MSc, F(1, 52) = 0.02, p = 0.88, h2 p= 0.00. Specifically, the intervention children displayed significantly greater increased MVPA after8 weeks than the comparison children. Additionally, there was a significant time effect for MSc, F(1, 52) = 15.61, p ct for MVPA, F(1, 52) = 5.06, p = 0.02, h2 p= 0.09. Although all preschoolers' MSc improved across time, boys demonstrated greater MVPA than girls at both time ***: Exergaming showed a positive effect in promoting preschool children's MVPA at school and has the potential to enhance Pc and MSc. More research with larger sample sizes and longer study durations are warranted.

关键词： Active video games childhood obesity Gender differences Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity Recess

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Impact of cOVID-19-related lifestyle changes on diabetic macular edema

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第1期17卷 97-106页

作者： Bryce P.Johnson Yu-Guang He zachary M.Robertson Angeline Wang Rafael L.Ufret-Vincenty Department of Ophthalmology UT Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexas 75390-9057USA

AIM:To assess diabetic macular edema(DME)progression during the early phases of the cOVID-19 pandemic,when severe societal restrictions raised the concern of possible deterioration of health in patients with systemic conditions,particularly those requiring frequent office ***:This is a multicenter retrospective chart review of 370 patients(724 eyes)with an established diagnosis of DME seen on 3 separate visits between January 2019 and July *** 1 was January 2019 to February 2020(considered pre-cOVID-19),period 2 was March 2020 to December 2020(considered the height of the pandemic;highest level of pandemic-related clinical and societal regulations)and period 3 was January 2021 to July 2021(re-adjustment to the new“pandemic norms”).Main outcome measures included visual acuity,body mass index(BMI),blood pressure(BP),hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c),macular thickness,patient adherence to scheduled ophthalmology visits,and DME treatment(s)received at each *** facilitate measurement of macular thickness,each macula was divided into 9 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study(ETDRS)-defined macular sectors as measured by OcT ***:There was no change of BMI,systolic BP,and diastolic BP between any of the time ***1c showed a very small increase from period 1(7.6%)to period 2(7.8%,P=0.015)and decreased back to 7.6%at period 3(P=0.12).Macular thickness decreased for 100%of macular *** central macular thickness decreased across all 3 periods from 329.5 to 316.6μm(P=0.0045).After analysis of multiple variables including HbA1c,BMI,adherence to scheduled appointments,different clinic centers,and treatment interventions,there was no easily identifiable subgroup of patients that experienced the increase in ***:DME doesn’t worsen during the cOVID-19 pandemic,instead sustaining a very small but statistically significant *** identifying a mechanism behind our findings is beyond the scope of this study,potential explanat

关键词： cOVID-19 diabetic macular edema diabetic retinopathy optical coherence tomography

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Hydrogen Peroxide Electrosynthesis in a Strong Acidic Environment Using cationic Surfactants

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Precision chemistry 2024年第4期2卷 129-137页

作者： zachary Adler Xiao Zhang Guangxia Feng Yaping Shi Peng Zhu Yang Xia Xiaonan Shan Haotian Wang Rice University Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringHoustonTexas 77005United States University of Houston Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringHoustonTexas 77004United States

The two-electron oxygen reduction reaction(2e^(−)-ORR)can be exploited for green production of hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)),but it still suffers from low selectivity in an acidic electrolyte when using non-noble metal ***,inspired by biology,we demonstrate a strategy that exploits the micellization of surfactant molecules to promote the H_(2)O_(2)selectivity of a low-cost carbon black catalyst in strong acid *** surfactants near the electrode surface increase the oxygen solubility and transportation,and they provide a shielding effect that displaces protons from the electric double layer(EDL).compared with the case of a pure acidic electrolyte,we find that,when a small number of surfactant molecules were added to the acid,the H_(2)O_(2)Faradaic efficiency(FE)was improved from 12%to 95%H_(2)O_(2)under 200 mA cm^(−2),suggesting an 8-fold *** in situ surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)and optical microscopy(OM)studies suggest that,while the added surfactant reduces the electrode’s hydrophobicity,its micelle formation could promote the O_(2) gas transport and its hydrophobic tail could displace local protons under applied negative potentials during catalysis,which are responsible for the improved H_(2)O_(2)selectivity in strong acids.

关键词： electrocatalysis hydrogen peroxide electrosynthesis oxygen reduction reaction interfacial engineering surfactant cTAB

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The effects of a bike active video game on players' physical activity and motivation

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2017年第1期6卷 25-32,127页

作者： Denis Pasco cédric Roure Gilles Kermarrec zachary pope Zan Gao School of Education The University of Bourgogne Franche-ComtéBesançon 25000France Faculty of Movement Sciences The Catholic University of LouvainLouvain-La-Neuve B-1348Belgium Faculty of Sport Science and Education The University of Brittany-LoireBrest 29200France School of Kinesiology The University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55455USA

Background: Players may not acquire adequate levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA) when playing commercial video *** study's goal was to evaluate the effects of an exercise bike video game played by using a mobile application-based exergame that was designed exclusively to promote participants' MVPA, with additional attention paid to this game's ability to promote greater situational ***: An experimental design was used with 163 students(aged 20.31 ± 1.30, 18–26 years, 61.3% male), all of whom were randomly allocated into an experimental group and a control group. Physical activity(PA) levels were assessed with Acti Graph GT3X+(Acti Graph Inc., Fort Walton Beach, FL, USA) accelerometers. The situational interest scale was used to evaluate students' situational interest in both *** analysis of variance was conducted to examine the differences between sedentary behavior, PA levels, and situational interest between groups. Regression analyses were also used, with the purpose being to evaluate the strength of the relationship between PA and situational ***: Results revealed that the experimental group had higher degrees of sedentary behavior, light PA, total interest, instant enjoyment,exploration intention, attention demand, novelty, and challenge, whereas the control group received higher scores for MVPA(control 95.01% *** group 89.94%). Regression analysis indicated that instant enjoyment(β = 0.49, p ctors for total interest, explaining 43% of its ***: A newly designed mobile application-based exergame played via an exercise bike may enhance situational interest and provide a decent level of PA for players.

关键词： Design Exergame Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity Sedentary behavior Situational interest Young adults

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comparison of trigeminal lateralization with differing stimulants

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第1期10卷 66-69页

作者： Tiffany chen Nicolas S.Poupore Michael c.Shih Thomas S.Edwards Shaun A.Nguyen zachary M.Soler Rodney J.Schlosser Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA

Trigeminal-specific stimulants have been shown to activate different receptors preferentially and this likely accounts for variation in sensory *** is unclear whether trigeminal sensitivity is similar across different transient receptor potential(TRP)receptors or if dysfunction of different receptors results in differing patient ***,a prospective cohort study was conducted,consisting of trigeminal lateralization testing with three different stimulants(eucalyptol,isothiocyanate,acetic acid),olfaction testing with Sniffin'Sticks,and measurement of various patient‐reported outcome measures(PROMs).A total of 50 participants were enrolled across the olfactory *** TDI score was 27.1±8.3(range 7.0–39.5)with 38%normosmic and 62%*** trigeminal lateralization scores out of 20 in the overall cohort were 16.18(2.78)for eucalyptol,14.94(3.49)for mustard oil,and 15.28(3.68)for *** showed a significant correlation with threshold scores of Sniffin'Sticks.A significant correlation was found between acetic acid and various *** of the lateralization scores of the trigeminal stimulants correlated to each other significantly and there was no correlation to *** lack of correlation suggests that the measured sensitivity of one type of TRP receptor may not translate to similar sensitivity of the other *** investigations with TRPV1 and TRPA1 agonists are needed to corroborate our findings.

关键词： chemosensory olfaction trigeminal TRP receptor

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A systematic review of active video games on rehabilitative outcomes among older patients

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2017年第1期6卷 33-43页

作者： Nan Zeng zachary pope Jung Eun Lee Zan Gao School of Kinesiology University of Minnesota Department of Applied Human Sciences University of Minnesota-DuluthDuluthMN 55812USA

Background: Although current research supports the use of active video games(AVGs) in rehabilitation, the evidence has yet to be systematically reviewed or synthesized. The current project systematically reviewed literature, summarized findings, and evaluated the effectiveness of AVGs as a therapeutic tool in improving physical, psychological, and cognitive rehabilitative outcomes among older adults with chronic ***: Seven databases(Academic Search complete, communication & Mass Media complete, ERIc, Psyc INFO, Pub Med, SPORTDiscus,and Medline) were searched for studies that evaluated the effectiveness of AVG-based rehabilitation among older patients. The initial search yielded 946 articles; after evaluating against inclusion criteria and removing duplicates, 19 studies of AVG-based rehabilitation ***: Most studies were quasi-experimental in design, with physical functioning the primary outcome investigated with regard to the use of AVGs in rehabilitation. Overall, 9 studies found significant improvements for all study outcomes, whereas 9 studies were mixed, with significant improvements on several study outcomes but no effects observed on other outcomes after AVG-based treatments. One study failed to find any benefits of AVG-based ***: Findings indicate AVGs have potential in rehabilitation for older patients, with several randomized clinical trials reporting positive effects on rehabilitative outcomes. However, existing evidence is insufficient to support the advantages of AVGs over standard therapy. Given the limited number of studies and concerns with study design quality, more research is warranted to make more definitive conclusions regarding the ability of AVGs to improve rehabilitative outcomes in older patients.

关键词： Balance Depression Enjoyment Exergaming Physical functioning Quality of life

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Impact of exergaming on young children's school day energy expenditure and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity levels

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2017年第1期6卷 11-16页

作者： Zan Gao zachary pope Jung Eun Lee David Stodden Nida Roncesvalles Denis Pasco charles c.Huang Du Feng School of Kinesiology The University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55455USA Department of Applied Human Science The University of MinnesotaDuluthMN 55812USA Department of Physical Education and Athletic Training University of South CarolinaColumbiaSC 29201USA Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management Texas Tech UniversityLubbockTX 79409USA School of Education The University of Bourgogne Franche-ComtéBesançon 25000France School or Exercise and Sports Science Wayland Baptist UniversityPlainviewTX 79072USA School of Nursing University of NevadaLas VegasNV 89154USA

Background: Although emerging research is demonstrating the potential health impact of exergaming,investigations have primarily been conducted in laboratory settings among small samples with short-term *** on the effectiveness of exergaming in underserved children's objective physical activity(PA) in population-based settings is also ***,most empirical studies have only included 1 type of exergame in the ***,this study's purpose was to investigate the long-term impact of a multigame exergaming intervention among underserved children integrated within school ***,this study examined the effect of exergaming on children's accelerometer-determined sedentary behavior(SB),light PA,moderate-to-vigorous PA(MVPA),and energy expenditure(EE) over 2 years as compared with regular physical education(PE) ***: A total of 261 second-and third-grade children(134 girls,127 boys; mean age 8.27 years) were recruited from 2 Texas elementary ***'s pre-test 3-day SB,light PA,MVPA,and EE at school were assessed in the fall of *** were assigned to 1 of 2groups:(1) exergaming/PE group(125 min weekly of exergaming-based PA program) and (2) comparison group(125 min weekly of PE).PA(SB,light PA,and MVPA) and EE outcome variables were assessed again in 2013(post-test) and 2014(follow-up).Results: Significant time effects were observed for SB(F(1,162)=25.0,p0.05,η~2= 0.004).Subsequent pairwise comparisons revealed significant increases from pre-to post-test for light PA(pchanges in SB(p>0.05).conversely,significant decreases occurred in light PA(pces seen in MVPA(p=0.08) and EE(p=0.06) over the same time period.A significant increase was seen,however,for SB from post-te

关键词： Active video games childhood obesity Light physical activity Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity Physical education Sedentary behavior

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The extended renin-angiotensin system: a promising target for traumatic brain injury therapeutics

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第6期15卷 1025-1026页

作者： zachary c.Janatpour Aviva J.Symes Department of Pharmacology Uniformed Services University

Traumatic brain injury(TBI)is a leading cause of death and disability *** assessments estimate that over 27 million cases of TBI occur annually,resulting in over 8 million years lived with disability(GBD 2016 Dementia collaborators,2019).Over 30 clinical trials have failed to show efficacy in TBI,and patients are currently left without any promising therapeutic options(Villapol et al.,2015).The pathophysiology of TBI is commonly divided into primary and secondary *** injury refers to the parenchymal damage that occurs as an immediate consequence of acute kinetic energy transfer to the brain(i.e.,membrane rupture,hemorrhage,axotomy,etc.).Secondary injury encompasses the deleterious molecular and cellular responses that occur in response to the primary injury in the minutes,hours or days *** search for therapeutics that mitigate the effects of the secondary injury and/or assist endogenous repair processes remains a large focus of TBI research(Umschweif et al.,2014;Villapol et al.,2015;Janatpour et al.,2019).

关键词： injuries endogenous injury

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Associations between individual and environmental factors and habitual physical activity among older chinese adults:A social–ecological perspective

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2016年第3期5卷 315-321,383页

作者： Xiangren Yi zachary pope Zan Gao Shumei Wang Fang Pan Jingpeng Yan Meng Liu Peipei Wu Jingjing Xu Rui Wang School of Physical Education Shandong University School of Kinesiology University of Minnesota Twin Cities School of Public School Shandong University School of Medicine Shandong University

Purpose: To examine, within a social–ecological framework, associations between multifaceted individual and environmental factors and habitual physical activity(HPA) among older chinese ***: Through a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods, a survey instrument assessing various factors underlying 3 social–ecological dimensions of intrapersonal, interpersonal, and community and environmental resources was developed. Using a cross-sectional design, older adults(n = 1580, aged 67 ± 7 years) recruited from 10 communities in Shandong province completed the social–ecological survey of HPA. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Path ***: Factors related to intrapersonal(medical knowledge, motivation, physical function, sport skills, socioeconomic status, and education),interpersonal(social support, social activity, and social norms), and community and physical environmental resources(safety, capacity, availability of and access to physical activity facilities) were found to be significantly associated with older adults' participation in ***: The findings provide an initial validation of a social–ecological approach to the study of HPA in china, suggesting that strategies aimed at promoting physical activity in older adults should address multiple levels of factors that may contribute to the likelihood of older chinese adults being physically active.

关键词： Exercise Interpersonal resources Intrapersonal resources Older adults Physical activity Social–ecological

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Improving metal reflectors by suppressing surface plasmon polaritons: a priori calculation of the internal reflectance of a solar cell

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Light(Science & Applications) 2013年第1期2卷 32-37页

作者： zachary c Holman Stefaan De Wolf christophe Ballif Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne(EPFL)Institute of Microengineering(IMT)Photovoltaics and Thin-Film Electronics LaboratoryCH-2000 NeuchaˆtelSwitzerland

Imperfect internal reflectance of near-bandgap light reduces the performance of all solar cells,and becomes increasingly detrimental as absorbers become *** consider light incident on the silicon/dielectric/metal structure at the back of rear-passivated crystalline silicon solar cells with surface textures that are large enough for geometric *** calculating the absorbance in the metal as a function of the angle of incidence,we discover three results that are important for understanding and improving rear reflectors in many types of solar ***,significant parasitic absorption occurs in the metal layer in two cases:s-and p-polarized propagating modes(near-normal angles of incidence)when the dielectric thickness is adjusted to cause destructive interference of the reflected beams,and p-polarized evanescent modes(angles of incidence above the semiconductor/dielectric critical angle)that excite surface plasmon polaritons at the metal ***,the latter loss dominates;a well-designed rear dielectric passivation layer must suppress the penetration of evanescent waves to the ***,when used as an input in a simple analytical model,the average rear internal reflectance calculated by assuming a Lambertian angular distribution of light accurately predicts the total reflectance and absorbance of a solar cell.

关键词： light trapping photovoltaics plasmon silicon solar cell

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