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Effects of exergaming on motor skill competence,perceived competence,and physical activity in preschool children

Journal of Sport and Health Science 2019年第2期8卷 106-113页

作者： Zan Gao Nan Zeng zachary c.pope Ru Wang Fang Yu School of Kinesiology University of Minnesota-Twin Cities Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition Colorado State University School of Public Health University of Minnesota-Twin Cities School of Kinesiology Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education Shanghai University of Sport School of Nursing University of Minnesota-Twin Cities

Background: Few school settings offer opportunities for preschool children to engage in structured physical activity, and only a few studies have been conducted examining exergaming's effectiveness on health outcomes in this age group. This study's purpose, therefore, was to examine a school-based exergaming intervention's effect on preschool children's perceived competence(Pc), motor skill competence(MSc), and physical activity versus usual care(recess), as well as to examine gender differences for these ***: A total of 65 preschool children from 2 underserved urban schools were assigned to 1 of 2 conditions, with the school as the experimental unit:(1) usual care recess group(8 weeks of 100 min of recess/week(5 days ￡ 20 min)) and(2) exergaming intervention group(8 weeks of100 min of exergaming/week(5 days ￡ 20 min) at school). All children underwent identical assessments of Pc, MSc, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA) at baseline and at the end of the 8 th ***: A significant Group ￡ Time effect was observed for MVPA, F(1, 52) = 4.37, p = 0.04, h2 p= 0.04, but not for Pc, F(1, 52) = 0.83, p = 0.37,h2 p= 0.02, or MSc, F(1, 52) = 0.02, p = 0.88, h2 p= 0.00. Specifically, the intervention children displayed significantly greater increased MVPA after8 weeks than the comparison children. Additionally, there was a significant time effect for MSc, F(1, 52) = 15.61, p ct for MVPA, F(1, 52) = 5.06, p = 0.02, h2 p= 0.09. Although all preschoolers' MSc improved across time, boys demonstrated greater MVPA than girls at both time ***: Exergaming showed a positive effect in promoting preschool children's MVPA at school and has the potential to enhance Pc and MSc. More research with larger sample sizes and longer study durations are warranted.

关键词： Active video games childhood obesity Gender differences Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity Recess

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The effects of a bike active video game on players' physical activity and motivation

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2017年第1期6卷 25-32,127页

作者： Denis Pasco cédric Roure Gilles Kermarrec zachary pope Zan Gao School of Education The University of Bourgogne Franche-ComtéBesançon 25000France Faculty of Movement Sciences The Catholic University of LouvainLouvain-La-Neuve B-1348Belgium Faculty of Sport Science and Education The University of Brittany-LoireBrest 29200France School of Kinesiology The University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55455USA

Background: Players may not acquire adequate levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA) when playing commercial video *** study's goal was to evaluate the effects of an exercise bike video game played by using a mobile application-based exergame that was designed exclusively to promote participants' MVPA, with additional attention paid to this game's ability to promote greater situational ***: An experimental design was used with 163 students(aged 20.31 ± 1.30, 18–26 years, 61.3% male), all of whom were randomly allocated into an experimental group and a control group. Physical activity(PA) levels were assessed with Acti Graph GT3X+(Acti Graph Inc., Fort Walton Beach, FL, USA) accelerometers. The situational interest scale was used to evaluate students' situational interest in both *** analysis of variance was conducted to examine the differences between sedentary behavior, PA levels, and situational interest between groups. Regression analyses were also used, with the purpose being to evaluate the strength of the relationship between PA and situational ***: Results revealed that the experimental group had higher degrees of sedentary behavior, light PA, total interest, instant enjoyment,exploration intention, attention demand, novelty, and challenge, whereas the control group received higher scores for MVPA(control 95.01% *** group 89.94%). Regression analysis indicated that instant enjoyment(β = 0.49, p ctors for total interest, explaining 43% of its ***: A newly designed mobile application-based exergame played via an exercise bike may enhance situational interest and provide a decent level of PA for players.

关键词： Design Exergame Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity Sedentary behavior Situational interest Young adults

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A systematic review of active video games on rehabilitative outcomes among older patients

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2017年第1期6卷 33-43页

作者： Nan Zeng zachary pope Jung Eun Lee Zan Gao School of Kinesiology University of Minnesota Department of Applied Human Sciences University of Minnesota-DuluthDuluthMN 55812USA

Background: Although current research supports the use of active video games(AVGs) in rehabilitation, the evidence has yet to be systematically reviewed or synthesized. The current project systematically reviewed literature, summarized findings, and evaluated the effectiveness of AVGs as a therapeutic tool in improving physical, psychological, and cognitive rehabilitative outcomes among older adults with chronic ***: Seven databases(Academic Search complete, communication & Mass Media complete, ERIc, Psyc INFO, Pub Med, SPORTDiscus,and Medline) were searched for studies that evaluated the effectiveness of AVG-based rehabilitation among older patients. The initial search yielded 946 articles; after evaluating against inclusion criteria and removing duplicates, 19 studies of AVG-based rehabilitation ***: Most studies were quasi-experimental in design, with physical functioning the primary outcome investigated with regard to the use of AVGs in rehabilitation. Overall, 9 studies found significant improvements for all study outcomes, whereas 9 studies were mixed, with significant improvements on several study outcomes but no effects observed on other outcomes after AVG-based treatments. One study failed to find any benefits of AVG-based ***: Findings indicate AVGs have potential in rehabilitation for older patients, with several randomized clinical trials reporting positive effects on rehabilitative outcomes. However, existing evidence is insufficient to support the advantages of AVGs over standard therapy. Given the limited number of studies and concerns with study design quality, more research is warranted to make more definitive conclusions regarding the ability of AVGs to improve rehabilitative outcomes in older patients.

关键词： Balance Depression Enjoyment Exergaming Physical functioning Quality of life

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Impact of exergaming on young children's school day energy expenditure and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity levels

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2017年第1期6卷 11-16页

作者： Zan Gao zachary pope Jung Eun Lee David Stodden Nida Roncesvalles Denis Pasco charles c.Huang Du Feng School of Kinesiology The University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55455USA Department of Applied Human Science The University of MinnesotaDuluthMN 55812USA Department of Physical Education and Athletic Training University of South CarolinaColumbiaSC 29201USA Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management Texas Tech UniversityLubbockTX 79409USA School of Education The University of Bourgogne Franche-ComtéBesançon 25000France School or Exercise and Sports Science Wayland Baptist UniversityPlainviewTX 79072USA School of Nursing University of NevadaLas VegasNV 89154USA

Background: Although emerging research is demonstrating the potential health impact of exergaming,investigations have primarily been conducted in laboratory settings among small samples with short-term *** on the effectiveness of exergaming in underserved children's objective physical activity(PA) in population-based settings is also ***,most empirical studies have only included 1 type of exergame in the ***,this study's purpose was to investigate the long-term impact of a multigame exergaming intervention among underserved children integrated within school ***,this study examined the effect of exergaming on children's accelerometer-determined sedentary behavior(SB),light PA,moderate-to-vigorous PA(MVPA),and energy expenditure(EE) over 2 years as compared with regular physical education(PE) ***: A total of 261 second-and third-grade children(134 girls,127 boys; mean age 8.27 years) were recruited from 2 Texas elementary ***'s pre-test 3-day SB,light PA,MVPA,and EE at school were assessed in the fall of *** were assigned to 1 of 2groups:(1) exergaming/PE group(125 min weekly of exergaming-based PA program) and (2) comparison group(125 min weekly of PE).PA(SB,light PA,and MVPA) and EE outcome variables were assessed again in 2013(post-test) and 2014(follow-up).Results: Significant time effects were observed for SB(F(1,162)=25.0,p0.05,η~2= 0.004).Subsequent pairwise comparisons revealed significant increases from pre-to post-test for light PA(pchanges in SB(p>0.05).conversely,significant decreases occurred in light PA(pces seen in MVPA(p=0.08) and EE(p=0.06) over the same time period.A significant increase was seen,however,for SB from post-te

关键词： Active video games childhood obesity Light physical activity Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity Physical education Sedentary behavior

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The extended renin-angiotensin system: a promising target for traumatic brain injury therapeutics

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第6期15卷 1025-1026页

作者： zachary c.Janatpour Aviva J.Symes Department of Pharmacology Uniformed Services University

Traumatic brain injury(TBI)is a leading cause of death and disability *** assessments estimate that over 27 million cases of TBI occur annually,resulting in over 8 million years lived with disability(GBD 2016 Dementia collaborators,2019).Over 30 clinical trials have failed to show efficacy in TBI,and patients are currently left without any promising therapeutic options(Villapol et al.,2015).The pathophysiology of TBI is commonly divided into primary and secondary *** injury refers to the parenchymal damage that occurs as an immediate consequence of acute kinetic energy transfer to the brain(i.e.,membrane rupture,hemorrhage,axotomy,etc.).Secondary injury encompasses the deleterious molecular and cellular responses that occur in response to the primary injury in the minutes,hours or days *** search for therapeutics that mitigate the effects of the secondary injury and/or assist endogenous repair processes remains a large focus of TBI research(Umschweif et al.,2014;Villapol et al.,2015;Janatpour et al.,2019).

关键词： injuries endogenous injury

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Associations between individual and environmental factors and habitual physical activity among older chinese adults:A social–ecological perspective

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2016年第3期5卷 315-321,383页

作者： Xiangren Yi zachary pope Zan Gao Shumei Wang Fang Pan Jingpeng Yan Meng Liu Peipei Wu Jingjing Xu Rui Wang School of Physical Education Shandong University School of Kinesiology University of Minnesota Twin Cities School of Public School Shandong University School of Medicine Shandong University

Purpose: To examine, within a social–ecological framework, associations between multifaceted individual and environmental factors and habitual physical activity(HPA) among older chinese ***: Through a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods, a survey instrument assessing various factors underlying 3 social–ecological dimensions of intrapersonal, interpersonal, and community and environmental resources was developed. Using a cross-sectional design, older adults(n = 1580, aged 67 ± 7 years) recruited from 10 communities in Shandong province completed the social–ecological survey of HPA. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Path ***: Factors related to intrapersonal(medical knowledge, motivation, physical function, sport skills, socioeconomic status, and education),interpersonal(social support, social activity, and social norms), and community and physical environmental resources(safety, capacity, availability of and access to physical activity facilities) were found to be significantly associated with older adults' participation in ***: The findings provide an initial validation of a social–ecological approach to the study of HPA in china, suggesting that strategies aimed at promoting physical activity in older adults should address multiple levels of factors that may contribute to the likelihood of older chinese adults being physically active.

关键词： Exercise Interpersonal resources Intrapersonal resources Older adults Physical activity Social–ecological

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Improving metal reflectors by suppressing surface plasmon polaritons: a priori calculation of the internal reflectance of a solar cell

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Light(Science & Applications) 2013年第1期2卷 32-37页

作者： zachary c Holman Stefaan De Wolf christophe Ballif Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne(EPFL)Institute of Microengineering(IMT)Photovoltaics and Thin-Film Electronics LaboratoryCH-2000 NeuchaˆtelSwitzerland

Imperfect internal reflectance of near-bandgap light reduces the performance of all solar cells,and becomes increasingly detrimental as absorbers become *** consider light incident on the silicon/dielectric/metal structure at the back of rear-passivated crystalline silicon solar cells with surface textures that are large enough for geometric *** calculating the absorbance in the metal as a function of the angle of incidence,we discover three results that are important for understanding and improving rear reflectors in many types of solar ***,significant parasitic absorption occurs in the metal layer in two cases:s-and p-polarized propagating modes(near-normal angles of incidence)when the dielectric thickness is adjusted to cause destructive interference of the reflected beams,and p-polarized evanescent modes(angles of incidence above the semiconductor/dielectric critical angle)that excite surface plasmon polaritons at the metal ***,the latter loss dominates;a well-designed rear dielectric passivation layer must suppress the penetration of evanescent waves to the ***,when used as an input in a simple analytical model,the average rear internal reflectance calculated by assuming a Lambertian angular distribution of light accurately predicts the total reflectance and absorbance of a solar cell.

关键词： light trapping photovoltaics plasmon silicon solar cell

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A Strong Stability Preserving Analysis for Explicit Multistage Two-Derivative Time-Stepping Schemes Based on Taylor Series conditions

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communications on Applied Mathematics and computation 2019年第1期1卷 21-59页

作者： zachary Grant Sigal Gottlieb David c.Seal Department of computational and Applied Mathematics Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeUSA Department of Mathematics University of Massachusetts DartmouthDartmouthUSA Department of Mathematics U.S.Naval AcademyAnnapolisUSA

High-order strong stability preserving(SSP)time discretizations are often needed to ensure the nonlinear(and sometimes non-inner-product)strong stability properties of spatial discretizations specially designed for the solution of hyperbolic ***-derivative time-stepping methods have recently been increasingly used for evolving hyperbolic PDEs,and the strong stability properties of these methods are of *** our prior work we explored time discretizations that preserve the strong stability properties of spatial discretizations coupled with forward Euler and a second-derivative ***,many spatial discretizations do not satisfy strong stability properties when coupled with this second-derivative formulation,but rather with a more natural Taylor series *** this work we demonstrate sufficient conditions for an explicit two-derivative multistage method to preserve the strong stability properties of spatial discretizations in a forward Euler and Taylor series *** call these strong stability preserving Taylor series(SSP-TS)*** also prove that the maximal order of SSP-TS methods is p=6,and define an optimization procedure that allows us to find such SSP *** types of these methods are presented and their efficiency ***,these methods are tested on several PDEs to demonstrate the benefit of SSP-TS methods,the need for the SSP property,and the sharpness of the SSP time-step in many cases.

关键词： Strong stability preserving Taylor series.Hyperbolic conservation laws Two derivative Runge Kutta

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Validity and reliability of eating disorder assessments used with athletes： A review

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2015年第3期4卷 211-221页

作者： zachary pope Yong Gao Nicole Bolter Mary Pritchard Department of Kinesiology Boise State University Boise ID 83725 USA

Background： Prevalence of eating disorders （EDs） among college-aged athletes has risen in recent years. Although measures exist for assessing EDs, these measures have not been thoroughly reviewed in athletes. This study reviewed the validity and reliability evidence of the commonly used measures for assessing EDs in athlete populations aged 18--26 years. Methods： Databases were searched for studies of regarding ED on male and/or female athletes. Inclusion criteria stated the study （a） assessed EDs in an athlete population 18--26 years of age and （b） investigated EDs using a psychometric measure found valid and/or reliable in a non- athlete population and/or athlete population. Results： Fifty studies met the inclusion criteria. Seven and 22 articles, respectively, studied EDs behaviors in male and female athletes whereas 21 articles studied EDs in combined-gender samples. The five most commonly used measures were the Eating Attitudes Test （EAT）, Eating Disorder Inventory （EDI）, Bulimia Test-Revised （BULIT-R）, Questionnaire for Eating Disorder Diagnosis （QEDD）, and the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire （EDE-Q）. conclusion： Only seven studies calculated validity coefficients within the study whereas 47 cited the validity coefficient. Twenty-six calculated a reliability coefficient whereas 47 cited the reliability of the ED measures. Four studies found validity evidence for the EAT, EDI, BULIT-R, QEDD, and EDE-Q in an athlete population. Few studies reviewed calculated validity and reliability coefficients of ED measures. cross- validation of these measures in athlete populations is clearly needed.

关键词： Athletes Eating disorders Psychometrics Reliability Validity

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Exploration of unpredictable environments by networked groups

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current Zoology 2016年第3期62卷 207-214页

作者： Takao SASAKI Marco A. JANSSEN zachary SHAFFER Stephen c. PRATT School of Life Sciences and center for Social Dynamics and complexity Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287-4501 USA Department of Zoology University of Oxford OX1 3PS UK School of Sustainability and center for Behavior Institutions and the Environment Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287-5502 USA

Information sharing is a critical task for group-living animals. The pattern of sharing can be modeled as a network whose structure can affect the decision-making performance of individual members as well as that of the group as a whole. A fully connected network, in which each member can directly transfer information to all other members, ensures rapid sharing of important information, such as a promising foraging location. However, it can also impose costs by amplifying the spread of inaccur- ate information （if, for example the foraging location is actually not profitable）. Thus, an optimal net- work structure should balance effective sharing of current knowledge with opportunities to discover new information. We used a computer simulation to measure how well groups characterized by dif- ferent network structures （fully connected, small world, lattice, and random） find and exploit resource peaks in a variable environment. We found that a fully connected network outperformed other struc- tures when resource quality was predictable. When resource quality showed random variation, however, the small world network was better than the fully connected one at avoiding extremely poor outcomes. These results suggest that animal groups may benefit by adjusting their informa- tion-sharing network structures depending on the noisiness of their environment.

关键词： agent-based model collective cognition conformity small world networks speed-accuracy trade-off.

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