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Enhancement of motor functional recovery in thoracic spinal cord injury: voluntary wheel running versus forced treadmill exercise

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 836-844页

作者： Do-Hun Lee Dan Cao Younghye Moon Chen Chen Nai-Kui Liu xiao-ming xu Wei Wu Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group Stark Neurosciences Research InstituteIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA Department of Neurological Surgery Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA Department of Neuroscience Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA

Spinal cord injury necessitates effective rehabilitation strategies, with exercise therapies showing promise in promoting recovery. This study investigated the impact of rehabilitation exercise on functional recovery and morphological changes following thoracic contusive spinal cord injury. After a 7-day recovery period after spinal cord injury, mice were assigned to either a trained group(10 weeks of voluntary running wheel or forced treadmill exercise) or an untrained group. Bi-weekly assessments revealed that the exercise-trained group, particularly the voluntary wheel exercise subgroup, displayed significantly improved locomotor recovery, more plasticity of dopaminergic and serotonin modulation compared with the untrained group. Additionally, exercise interventions led to gait pattern restoration and enhanced transcranial magnetic motor-evoked potentials. Despite consistent injury areas across groups, exercise training promoted terminal innervation of descending axons. In summary, voluntary wheel exercise shows promise for enhancing outcomes after thoracic contusive spinal cord injury, emphasizing the role of exercise modality in promoting recovery and morphological changes in spinal cord injuries. Our findings will influence future strategies for rehabilitation exercises, restoring functional movement after spinal cord injury.

关键词： behavioral assessment motor function neural plasticity running wheel exercise spinal cord injury treadmill exercise voluntary exercise

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Chondroitinase ABC combined with Schwann cell transplantation enhances restoration of neural connection and functional recovery following acute and chronic spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1467-1482页

作者： Wenrui Qu Xiangbing Wu Wei Wu Ying Wang Yan Sun Lingxiao Deng Melissa Walker Chen Chen Heqiao Dai Qi Han Ying Ding Yongzhi Xia George Smith Rui Li Nai-Kui Liu xiao-ming xu Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group Stark Neurosciences Research InstituteDepartment of Neurological SurgeryIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA Department of Hand Surgery the Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunJilin ProvinceChina Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center Temple University School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA Department of Anatomy&Cell Biology Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA

Schwann cell transplantation is considered one of the most promising cell-based therapy to repair injured spinal cord due to its unique growth-promoting and myelin-forming properties.A the Food and Drug Administration-approved Phase I clinical trial has been conducted to evaluate the safety of transplanted human autologous Schwann cells to treat patients with spinal cord injury.A major challenge for Schwann cell transplantation is that grafted Schwann cells are confined within the lesion cavity,and they do not migrate into the host environment due to the inhibitory barrier formed by injury-induced glial scar,thus limiting axonal reentry into the host spinal *** we introduce a combinatorial strategy by suppressing the inhibitory extracellular environment with injection of lentivirus-mediated transfection of chondroitinase ABC gene at the rostral and caudal borders of the lesion site and simultaneously leveraging the repair capacity of transplanted Schwann cells in adult rats following a mid-thoracic contusive spinal cord *** report that when the glial scar was degraded by chondroitinase ABC at the rostral and caudal lesion borders,Schwann cells migrated for considerable distances in both rostral and caudal *** Schwann cell migration led to enhanced axonal regrowth,including the serotonergic and dopaminergic axons originating from supraspinal regions,and promoted recovery of locomotor and urinary bladder ***,the Schwann cell survival and axonal regrowth persisted up to 6 months after the injury,even when treatment was delayed for 3 months to mimic chronic spinal cord *** findings collectively show promising evidence for a combinatorial strategy with chondroitinase ABC and Schwann cells in promoting remodeling and recovery of function following spinal cord injury.

关键词： axonal regrowth bladder function chondroitinase ABC functional recovery glial scar lentivirus migration Schwann cell spinal cord injury transplantation

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A General Comparison Theorem for 1-dimensional Anticipated BSDEs

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Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica 2016年第2期32卷 343-348页

作者： xiao-ming xu Institute of Finance and Statistics School of Mathematical Sciences Nanjing Normal University

Anticipated backward stochastic differential equation （ABSDE） studied the first time in 2007 is a new type of stochastic differential equations. In this paper, we establish a general comparison theorem for ABSDEs.

关键词： anticipated backward stochastic differential equation backward stochastic differential equation comparison theorem

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On Principal Invariant Subspaces

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2015年第10期31卷 1621-1628页

作者： xiao ming xu xiao Chun FANG School of Science Shanghai Institute of Technology Department of Mathematics Tongji University

Let F and G be closed subspaces of the complex Hilbert spaceH, and U and V be closed subspaces of F- and G, respectively. In this paper, using the technique of operator block, we present the necessary and sufficient conditions under which （U, V） is a pair of （strictly, non-degenerate） principal invariant subspaces for （F, G）.

关键词： Hilbert space operator matrix invariant subspace principal invariant subspace

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Neurotrophin-3-mediated locomotor recovery: a novel therapeutic strategy targeting lumbar neural circuitry after spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第12期15卷 2241-2242页

作者： Qi Han xiao-ming xu Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group Stark Neurosciences Research InstituteDepartment of Neurological SurgeryIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA

Traumatic spinal cord injury(SCI)leads to chronic locomotor impairment and ***,there are no effective treatments currently available for SCI patients(Bradbury and Burnside,2019).Developing novel repair interventions to mitigate the devastating nature of SCI and translating them clinically are urgent medical needs to improve the quality of life of patients with *** lumbar spinal motoneurons(MNs)are the final common pathway for hindlimb locomotion since all neural activities that influence hindlimb movement converging upon these neurons.

关键词： lumbar neural injury

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Reflected BSDEs with Random Default Time and Related Mixed Optimal Stopping-control Problems

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Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica 2013年第1期29卷 165-178页

作者： Dong-mei Guo xiao-ming xu School of Economics Central University of Finance and Economics Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Mathematics School of Mathematical Sciences Nanjing Normal University

In this paper we study the one-dimensional reflected backward stochastic differential equations which are driven by Brownian motion as well as a mutually independent martingale appearing in a defaultable setting. Using a penalization method, we prove the existence and uniqueness of the solutions to these equations. As an application, we show that under proper assumptions the solution of the reflected equation is the value of the related mixed optimal stopping-control problem.

关键词： backward stochastic differential equation random default time mixed optimal stopping-controlproblem

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Mitochondrial integrity in neuronal injury and repair

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第4期16卷 674-675页

作者： Qi Han xiao-ming xu Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group Stark Neurosciences Research Institute Department of Neurological Surgery Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA

The mitochondrion is the powerhouse of a *** the principal subcellular organelles that mediate adenosine triphosphate(ATP)production and calcium buffering,mitochondria actively distribute to areas of high energy demand and calcium *** highly polarized nerve cells in the central nervous system(CNS),which have unparalleled size and complexity and long-projection axons,are cells with high-energy *** are regionally organized within these neurons,with higher accumulations in the soma,the hillock,the nodes of Ranvier,and the axon *** the synaptic region,mitochondria regulate calcium and ATP levels,thereby maintaining synaptic transmission and *** in mitochondrial dynamics can cause deficits in neuronal transport,transmission,and metabolism(Misgeld and Schwarz,2017).

关键词： thereby metabolism distribute

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Γ-inverses of Bounded Linear Operators

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2014年第4期30卷 675-680页

作者： xiao ming xu Hong Ke DU xiao Chun FANG School of Science Shanghai Institute of Technology College of Mathematics and Information Science Shaanxi Normal University Department of Mathematics Tongji University

Let B（Н） be the algebra of all the bounded linear operators on a Hilbert space Н. For A, P and Q in B（Н）, if there exists an operator X ∈ B（Н） such that APXQA = A, XQAPX = X, （QAPX）^＊ = QAPX and （XQAP）^＊ = XQAP, then X is said to be the F-inverse of A associated with P and Q, and denoted by A^＋P,Q. In this note, we present some necessary and sufficient conditions for which A^＋P,Q exists, and give an explicit representation of A^＋PQ （if A^＋P,Q exists）.

关键词： Generalized inverse F-inverse Moore-Penrose inverse

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LETTER FROM THE EDITORS-IN-CHIEF

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第1期14卷 5-6页

作者： Kwok-fai So xiao-ming xu Editors-in-Chief.

In the past 11 years, Neural Regeneration Re- search （NRR） has evolved to become a frequent- ly cited journal in the field, receiving an impact factor that reflects the dedication and expertise of our editors and reviewers. In 2017, the jour- nal received an Impact Factor of 2.234, placing it in quartile 3 of neuroscience journals. We would like to take this opportunity to thank all contributors who have made this success possi- ble： our Editorial Board team, who always have supported and helped the journal＇s maturation; our reviewers, who have provided thoughtful critiques in a timely manner; our readers, who have deemed NRR papers to be of high enough quality to be cited; and last.

关键词：影响因素神经科学专家知识杂志评论 nal

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Protective effects of gonadal hormones on spinal motoneurons following spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第6期13卷 971-976页

作者： Dale R.Sengelaub xiao-ming xu Psychological and Brain Sciences Indiana University Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group Stark Neurosciences Research Institute Department of Neurological Surgery Indiana University School of Medicine

Spinal cord injury（SCI） results in lesions that destroy tissue and disrupt spinal tracts, producing deficits in locomotor and autonomic function. The majority of treatment strategies after SCI have concentrated on the damaged spinal cord, for example working to reduce lesion size or spread, or encouraging regrowth of severed descending axonal projections through the lesion, hoping to re-establish synaptic connectivity with caudal targets. In our work, we have focused on a novel target for treatment after SCI, surviving spinal motoneurons and their target musculature, with the hope of developing effective treatments to preserve or restore lost function following SCI. We previously demonstrated that motoneurons, and the muscles they innervate, show pronounced atrophy after SCI. Importantly, SCI-induced atrophy of motoneuron dendrites can be attenuated by treatment with gonadal hormones, testosterone and its active metabolites, estradiol and dihydrotestosterone. Similarly, SCI-induced reductions in muscle fiber cross-sectional areas can be prevented by treatment with androgens. Together, these findings suggest that regressive changes in motoneuron and muscle morphology seen after SCI can be ameliorated by treatment with gonadal hormones, further supporting a role for steroid hormones as neurotherapeutic agents in the injured nervous system.

关键词： testosterone dihydrotestosterone estradiol steroids atrophy neuroprotection morphology dendrites muscle fibers retrograde labeling

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