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Comparison of microscopy and PCR for the detection of human Plasmodium species and Plasmodium knowlesi in southern Myanmar

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2017年第8期7卷 680-685页

作者： thu Zar Han Kay Thwe Han Kyin Hla Aye Thaung hlaing Kyaw Zin Thant Indra Vythilingam MD Programme Faculty of Medicine&Health SciencesUCSI University Department of Medical Research Lower Myanmar Vector Borne Diseases Control Unit Department of Health Department of Parasitology University Malaya

Objectives: To determine the distribution of Plasmodium(P) species including Plasmodium knowlesi and to compare the specificity and sensitivity of microscopy with nested PCR in malaria ***: The study was conducted in Kawthaung, southern Myanmar. Ninety clinically suspected malaria patients were screened for malaria by Giemsa stained microscopy and con firmed by nested ***: Among the participants, 57(63.3%) were positive and 33(36.7%)were negative by microscopy. Of positive samples, 39(68.4%) were Plasmodium fcalciparum,17(29.8%) Plasmodium vivax and 1(1.8%) Plasmodium malariae, whereas 59-amplified by PCR were 40(67.8%), 18(30.5%) and 1(1.7%) respectively. PCR amplified 2 microscopy negative samples. Two samples of P. falciparum detected by microscopy were amplified as P. vivax and vice versa. All samples were negative for Plasmodium ovale.P. knowlesi and mixed infections. Microscopy had a very good measure of agreement(κ=0.95) compared to nested PCR. Sensitivity and specificity of microscopy for diagnosis of P. falciparum were 92.5%(95% CI: 79.6-98.4) and 96.0%(95% CI: 86.3-99.5)respectively, whereas for P. vivax were 83.3%(95% CI: 58.6-96.4) and 97.2%(95% CI:90.3-99.7).Conclusions: P. knowlesi was not detected by both microscopy and PCR. Giemsa stained microscopy can still be applied as primary method for malaria diagnosis and is considered as gold standard. As to the lower sensitivity of microscopy for vivax malaria,those with previous history of malaria and relapse cases should be diagnosed by RDT or PCR combined with microscopy. Inaccuracy of species diagnosis highlighted the requirement of training and refresher courses for microscopists.

关键词：疟疾变形体变形体 knowlesi 显微镜学

Dual Burden of Malnutrition among Primary School Children in Myanmar

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2021年第2期12卷 115-123页

作者： Moh Moh hlaing Mya Ohnamr Sandar Tun Thidar Khine Wah Wah Win Su Su hlaing Hla Phyo Linn Khin Hnin wint Phyu Nyein Nyein Win Nutrition Research Division Department of Medical Research Ministry of Health and Sports Yangon Republic of the Union of Myanmar

Background: The distribution of childhood nutritional diseases is shifting from a predominance of under nutrition to a dual burden of under-and over nutrition in low and middle income countries. Rapid economic development and urbanization lead to an increase in overweight and obesity and diet-related chronic diseases. The co-existence of under-and over nutrition is double burden and this is a public health challenge for community. Objective: To find out the nutritional status of primary school children. Method: The study was school based descriptive study and conducted during November 2014 to February 2015 in basic primary schools, basic middle schools and basic high schools in urban and rural area of Yangon, Mandalay, Taungyi and Mawlamyaing. A total of (2937) Grade IV and Grade V students were measured for weight, height and 592 students were measured for haemoglobin by standard equipment and standard procedure. Results: The overall prevalences

关键词： Dual Burden Malnutrition Primary School Children

Tradeoffbetween Narrowing Optical Band Gap and Enhancing Electrical Conductivity of the Metal Nanoparticles-Modified Titanium Oxide Films

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Journal of Physical Science and Application 2015年第3期5卷 220-225页

作者： Aung Chan Thar Thaung hlaing Win Nyein wint Lwin Than Zaw Oo Department of Physics University of Mandalay Mandalay 100103 Myanmar Department of Physics Yadanabon University Mandalay 100103 Myanmar

The n-type semiconducting titanium oxide thin films are well-known as electron transporting interlayer in photovoltaic cells. The favorable characteristics of interlayers in photovoltaics are high optical transmittance (T%), wide band gap energy (Eg) and high electrical conductivity (σ). Modifying titanium oxide films with metal nanoparticles would increase electrical conductivity but reduce optical band gap energy. We developed the sol-gel derived titanium suboxide (TiOx) films modified with silver (Ag) or gold (Au) or copper (Cu) nanoparticles (NPs). This study explores a tradeoff between narrowing optical band gap and enhancing electrical conductivity of nanostructured TiOx films by controlling the Au- or Ag- or Cu-NPs loading concentrations (mol%) in titania. The Au- and Cu-NPs loading concentration of 4 mol% should meet a tradeoff which yields the higher T%, wider Eg and higher σ compared to those of pure TiOx films. In addition, since the pure Cu is not thermodynamically stable in ambience as compared to Au and Ag, the stability of as-obtained colloidal CuNPs is also examined. A careful examination of the time evolution of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) bands of CuNPs indicates that their stability is only up to 4 h.

关键词：金属纳米粒子二氧化钛薄膜光学带隙改性膜导电性表面等离子体共振铜纳米粒子氧化物薄膜

Relationship Between Serum Testosterone,Leptin,Interleukin-6(il-6)Level and Insulin Sensitivity in Non-obese and Obese Male Subjects in Magway Region,Myanmar

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Journal of Endocrinology Research 2020年第2期2卷 9-15页

作者： Mya Thanda Sein Zarchi Theint-Theint hlaing thurein-Zaw Yin thu Theint Soe Minn Htway Department of Physiology University of Medicine 1YangonMyanmar Department of Physiology University of MedicineMagwayMagway Regional DivisionThe Republic of Union of Myanmar Department of Physiology University of Medicine 2YangonThe Republic of Union of Myanmar

Objective:To determine the relationship between insulin resistance and related variables(serum testosterone,interleukin(IL-6)and leptin level)in obese and non-obese healthy ***:Community-based crosssectional,analytic study was undertaken in 60 subjects for each obese group(BMI≥30.0 kg/m2)and non-obese group(BMI 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2)(age;18-45 years)residing in Magway Township from December 2016 to December *** insulin,testosterone,IL-6 and leptin levels were measured by enzyme linked immunoassay,and serum fasting glucose was measured by glucose oxidase *** sensitivity was calculated by HOMA formula(Homeostatic Model Assessment).Results:HOMA-IR,serum leptin and IL-6 level were significantly higher in obese group while serum testosterone level was significantly lower in obese *** was a significantly correlation between HOMA-IR with leptin(r=0.306,p=0.001),IL-6(r=0.237,p=0.009)and testosterone(r=-0.209,p=0.02).Moreover,serum leptin was significantly and positively correlated with IL-6(r=0.391,p<0.001)while serum testosterone was significantly and negatively correlated with leptin(r=-0.408,p<0.001),and IL-6(r=-0.34,p<0.001).Conclusions:Obese men are more likely to have low testosterone,high inflammatory markers leptin and Il-6,which were associated with decreased insulin sensitivity.

关键词： Leptin Testosterone IL-6 NHOMA-IR Obesity