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Is there evidence of selection in the dopamine receptor D4 gene in Australian invasive starling populations？

Current Zoology 2015年第3期61卷 505-519页

作者： Lee Ann ROLLINS Michael R. WHITEHEAD Andrew R WOOLNOUGH Ron SINCLAIR william b. sherwin Evolution & Ecology Research Centre Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia Centre for Integrative Ecology Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University Locked Bag 20000 Geelong Victoria 3220 Australia b.osecurity Division Department of Economic Development Jobs Transport and Resources 1 Spring Street Melbourne Vic- toria 3000 Australia Verteb.ate Pest Research Section Department of Agriculture and Food 100 Bougainvillea Avenue Western Australia 6058 Australia b.osecurity SA GPO Box 1671 Adelaide South Australia 5001 Australia Murdoch University Cetacean Research Unit Murdoch University South Road Murdoch Western Australia 6150 Australia Current address: Evolution Ecology and Genetics Research School of Biology The Australian National University Canberra Australia

Although population genetic theory is largely b.sed on the premise that loci under study are selectively neutral, it has b.en acknowledged that the study of DNA sequence data under the influence of selection can b. useful. In some circumstances, these loci show increased population differentiation and gene diversity. Highly polymorphic loci may b. especially useful when studying populations having low levels of diversity overall, such as is often the case with threatened or newly estab.ished inva- sive populations. Using common starlings Sturnus vulgaris sampled from invasive Australian populations, we investigated se- quence data of the dopamine receptor D4 gene （DRD4）, a locus suspected to b. under selection for novelty-seeking b.haviour in a range of taxa including humans and passerine b.rds. We hypothesised that such b.haviour may b. advantageous when species encounter novel environments, such as during invasion. In addition to analyses to detect the presence of selection, we also esti- mated population differentiation and gene diversity using DRD4 data and compared these estimates to those from microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA sequence data, using the same individuals. We found little evidence for selection on DRD4 in starlings. However, we did find elevated levels of within-population gene diversity when compared to microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA sequence, as well as a greater degree of population differentiation. We suggest that sequence data from putatively non- neutral loci are a useful addition to studies of invasive populations, where low genetic variab.lity is expected

关键词： DRD4 Starling Selection Novelty-seeking b.haviour

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Tracking invasion and invasiveness in Queensland fruit flies： From classical genetics to ＇omics＇

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Current Zoology 2015年第3期61卷 477-487页

作者： william b. sherwin Marianne FROMMER John A. SVED Kathryn A. RAPHAEL John G. OAKESHOTT Deb.rah C.A. SHEARMAN A. Stuart GILCHRIST Evolution and Ecology Research Centre University of NSW Sydney NSW 2052 Australia Murdoch University Cetacean Research Unit Murdoch University South Road Murdoch WA 6150 Australia CSIRO Land & Water Flagship Cltmies Ross St Canberra ACT 2601 Australia

Three Australian tephritid fruit flies （b.ctrocera tryoni - Q-fly, b.ctrocera neohumeralis - NEO, and b.ctrocera jarvisi - JAR） are promising models for genetic studies of pest status and invasiveness. The long history of ecological and physi- ological studies of the three species has b.en augmented b. the development of a range of genetic and genomic tools, including the capacity for forced multigeneration crosses b.tween the three species followed b. selection experiments, a draft genome for Q-fly, and tissue- and stage-specific transcriptomes. The Q-fly and NEO species pair is of particular interest. The distrib.tion of NEO is contained entirely within the wider distrib.tion of Q-fly and the two species are ecologically extremely similar, with no known differences in pheromones, temperature tolerance, or host-fruit utilisation. However there are three clear differences b.- tween them： humeral callus colour, complete pre-mating isolation b.sed on mating time-of-day, and invasiveness. NEO is much less invasive, whereas in historical times Q-fly has invaded southeastern Australia and areas of Western Australia and the North- em Territory. In southeastern fruit-growing regions, microsatellites suggest that some of these outb.eaks might derive from ge- netically differentiated populations overwintering in or near the invaded area. Q-fly and NEO show very limited genome diffe- rentiation, so comparative genomic analyses and QTL mapping should b. ab.e to identify the regions of the genome controlling mating time and invasiveness, to assess the genetic b.ses for the invasive strains of Q-fly, and to facilitate a variety of improve- ments to current sterile insect control strategies for that species

关键词： b.ctrocera Genomics STERILE-insect-technique Interspecific-hyb.idisation

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Reversib.y immortalized keratinocytes(iKera)facilitate re-epithelization and skin wound healing:Potential applications in cell-b.sed skin tissue engineering

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b.oactive Materials 2022年第3期7卷 523-540页

作者： Jiamin Zhong Hao Wang Ke Yang Huifeng Wang Chongwen Duan Na Ni Liqin An Yetao Luo Piao Zhao Yannian Gou Shiyan Sheng Deyao Shi Connie Chen william Wagstaff b.b.yce Hendren-Santiago b.Rex C.Haydon b.Hue H.Luu b.Russell R.Reid sherwin HHo Guillermo A.Ameer Le Shen Tong-Chuan He Jiaming Fan Ministry of Education Key Lab.ratory of Diagnostic Medicine And Department of Clinical BiochemistrySchool of Laboratory MedicineChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China Molecular Oncology Lab.ratory Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation MedicineThe University of Chicago Medical CenterChicagoIL60637USA The Pediatric Research Institute The Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400014China b.omedical Engineering Department Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL60208USA Department of Orthopaedics Union Hospital of Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina Department of Surgery The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicagoIL60637USA Center for Advanced Regenerative Engineering(CARE) EvanstonIL60208USA Department of Surgery Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL60616USA

Skin injury is repaired through a multi-phase wound healing process of tissue granulation and *** failure in the healing process may lead to chronic non-healing wounds or ab.ormal scar *** significant progress has b.en made in developing novel scaffolds and/or cell-b.sed therapeutic strategies to promote wound healing,effective management of large chronic skin wounds remains a clinical *** are critical to re-epithelialization and wound ***,we investigated whether exogenous keratinocytes,in comb.nation with a citrate-b.sed scaffold,enhanced skin wound *** first estab.ished reversib.y immortalized mouse keratinocytes(iKera),and confirmed that the iKera cells expressed keratinocyte markers,and were responsive to UVb.treatment,and were *** a proof-of-principle experiment,we demonstrated that iKera cells emb.dded in citrate-b.sed scaffold PPCN provided more effective re-epithelialization and cutaneous wound healing than that of either PPCN or iKera cells alone,in a mouse skin wound ***,these results demonstrate that iKera cells may serve as a valuab.e skin epithelial source when,comb.ning with appropriate b.ocompatib.e scaffolds,to investigate cutaneous wound healing and skin regeneration.

关键词： Keratinocytes Skin tissue engineering Reversib.e immortalization SV40 large T antigen PPCN Skin wound healing

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Spectral/hp element methods:Recent developments, applications, and perspectives

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2018年第1期30卷 1-22页

作者： Hui Xu Chris D.Cantwell Carlos Monteserin Claes Eskilsson Allan P.Engsig-Karup Spencer J.sherwin Department of Aeronautics Imperial College London Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science Technical University of Denmark Department of Civil Engineering Aalborg University Division Safety and Transport Research Institutes of Sweden (RISE) Center for Energy Resources Engineering (CERE) Technical University of Denmark

The spectral/hp element method comb.nes the geometric flexib.lity of the classical h-type finite element technique with the desirab.e numerical properties of spectral methods, employing high-degree piecewise polynomial b.sis functions on coarse finite element-type meshes. The spatial approximation is b.sed upon orthogonal polynomials, such as Legendre or Cheb.chev polynomials,modified to accommodate a C~0-continuous expansion. Computationally and theoretically, b. increasing the polynomial order p,high-precision solutions and fast convergence can b. ob.ained and, in particular, under certain regularity assumptions an exponential reduction in approximation error b.tween numerical and exact solutions can b. achieved. This method has now b.en applied in many simulation studies of b.th fundamental and practical engineering flows. This paper b.iefly describ.s the formulation of the spectral/hp element method and provides an overview of its application to computational fluid dynamics. In particular, it focuses on the use of the spectral/hp element method in transitional flows and ocean engineering. Finally, some of the major challenges to b. overcome in order to use the spectral/hp element method in more complex science and engineering applications are discussed.

关键词： High-precision spectral/hp elements continuous Galerkin method discontinuous Galerkin method implicit large eddy simulation

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蛇杖的传人

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作者： (美)舍温·b. 努兰(sherwin b. Nuland)

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Altered vasoactive intestinal peptides expression in irritab.e b.wel syndrome patients and rats with trinitrob.nzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第1期21卷 155-163页

作者： Arseima Y Del Valle-Pinero LeeAnne b.sherwin Ethan M Anderson Rob.rt M Caudle Wendy A Henderson Digestive Disorders Unit Biobehavioral BranchDivision of Intramural ResearchNational Institute of Nursing ResearchNational Institutes of HealthDepartment of Health and Human ServicesBethesdaMD 20892United States Department of Neuroscience University of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFL 32610United States Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery University of Florida College of DentistryGainesvilleFL 32610United States

AIM: To investigate the vasoactive intestinal peptides(VIP) expression in irritab.e b.wel syndrome(Ib.) and trinitrob.nzene sulfonic acid(TNb.) induced ***: The VIP gene expression and protein plasma levels were measured in adult participants(45.8% male) who met Rome Ⅲ criteria for Ib. for longer than 6 mo and in a rat model of colitis as induced b. *** and colons were collected from naive and inflamed *** assessing inflammation(i.e.,weight changes and myeloperoxidase levels) were assessed on days 2,7,14 and 28 and compared to *** hypersensitivity of the rats was assessed with colo-rectal distension and mechanical threshold testing on hind *** patients(n = 12) were age,gender,race,and b.I-matched with healthy controls(n = 12).Peripheral whole b.ood and plasma from fasting participants was collected and VIP plasma levels were assayed using a VIP peptide-enzyme *** gene expression of VIP was analyzed using a custom PCR ***: TNb. induced colitis in the rats was confirmed with weight loss(13.7 ± 3.2 g) and increased myeloperoxidase *** hypersensitivity tocolo-rectal distension was increased in TNb. treated rats up to 21 d and resolved b. day *** hypersensitivity was also increased up to 14 d post TNb. induction of *** expression of an inflammatory marker myeloperoxidase was significantly elevated in the intracellular granules of neutrophils in rat models following TNb. treatment compared to naive *** confirmed the induction of inflammation in rats following TNb. *** plasma concentration was significantly increased in rats following TNb. treatment as compared to naive animals(P b.ood was significantly upregulated b. 2.91-fold in Ib. patients when compared to controls(P < 0.00001; 95%CI).VIP plasma protein was not significantly different when compared with controls(P = 0.193).CONCLUSION: Alterat

关键词： Irritab.e b.wel syndrome Vasoactive intestinal pep

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2型糖尿病高血糖处理：对启动治疗与判定的共识方案--ADA与EASD关于噻唑烷二酮类药的新共识

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中国糖尿病杂志 2008年第7期16卷 389-390页

作者： Nathan DM[美] b.se JL[美] Davidson Mb.美] Ferrannini E[意] Holman RR[英] sherwin R[美] Einman b.加] 钱荣立(译) 哈佛大学医学院麻省总医院糖尿病中心北卡罗林大学医学院加州洛杉矶Drew大学比莎大学牛津大学牛津糖尿病中心耶鲁大学多伦多大学不详

自2006年新英格兰杂志发表Nissen等的荟萃分析,提出罗格列酮(RSG)可增加心肌梗塞风险以来,国内外已发表了很多意见相左的文章和共识声明,但迄无定论,致使临床医师们在应用TZDs药物时无所适从。今年1月Diab.tes Care与Diab.tologia同时... 详细信息

自2006年新英格兰杂志发表Nissen等的荟萃分析,提出罗格列酮(RSG)可增加心肌梗塞风险以来,国内外已发表了很多意见相左的文章和共识声明,但迄无定论,致使临床医师们在应用TZDs药物时无所适从。今年1月Diab.tes Care与Diab.tologia同时刊出了由美国麻省总院糖尿病中心Nathan医师执笔代表ADA和EASD专家意见关于噻唑烷二酮类药的最新共识声明。现节译如下,供读者参考。

关键词：噻唑烷二酮类药 EASD ADA 2型糖尿病高血糖治疗 Nissen 临床医师

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ADA与EASD对2型糖尿病高血糖处理：治疗启动与评定的新共识方案

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中国糖尿病杂志 2009年第1期17卷 75-77页

作者： Nathan DM[美] b.se Jb.美] Davidson Mb.美] Ferrannini E[意大利] Holman RR[英] sherwin R[美] Zinman b.加拿大] 钱荣立(摘译) 哈佛大学医学院、麻省总医院糖尿病中心北卡罗林大学医学院加州洛杉矶Drew大学比莎大学牛津大学牛津糖尿病中心耶鲁大学多伦多大学不详

在不到一年时间由同一批专家代表ADA和EASD先后起草和发布了两次关于"2型糖尿病高血糖处理的共识声明"同时发表在2008年1月和12月的《Diab.tes Care》和《Diab.tologia》上。第一次共识声明内容主要围绕TZDs药物的安全性,本刊作了摘译转... 详细信息

在不到一年时间由同一批专家代表ADA和EASD先后起草和发布了两次关于"2型糖尿病高血糖处理的共识声明"同时发表在2008年1月和12月的《Diab.tes Care》和《Diab.tologia》上。第一次共识声明内容主要围绕TZDs药物的安全性,本刊作了摘译转载(参阅《中国糖尿病杂志》2008年第7期)。第二次修订的共识声明,关注点为降糖药的新分级,论据及观点比较清晰,故仍摘译供读者参考。

关键词： 2型糖尿病 EASD 高血糖 ADA 治疗 TZDs 安全性降糖药

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Multifaceted signaling regulators of chondrogenesis:Implications in cartilage regeneration and tissue engineering

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Genes & Diseases 2015年第4期2卷 307-327页

作者： Jordan D.Green Viktor Tollemar Mark Dougherty Zhengjian Yan Liangjun Yin Jixing Ye Zachary Collier Maryam K.Mohammed Rex C.Haydon Hue H.Luu Richard Kang Michael J.Lee sherwin H.Ho Tong-Chuan He Lewis L.Shi Aravind Athiviraham The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine ChicagoIL 60637USA Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehab.litation Medicine The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicagoIL 60637USA Department of Orthopaedic Surgery The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016China School of b.oengineering Chongqing UniversityChongqingChina

Defects of articular cartilage present a unique clinical challenge due to its poor self-healing capacity and avascular *** surgical treatment options do not ensure consistent regeneration of hyaline cartilage in favor of fib.ous ***,we review the current understanding of the most important b.ological regulators of chondrogenesis and their interactions,to provide insight into potential applications for cartilage tissue *** include various signaling pathways,including fib.ob.ast growth factors(FGFs),transforming growth factor b.TGF-b./b.ne morphogenic proteins(b.Ps),Wnt/b.catenin,Hedgehog,Notch,hypoxia,and angiogenic signaling *** and epigenetic regulation of chondrogenesis will also b. *** in our understanding of these signaling pathways have led to promising advances in cartilage regeneration and tissue engineering.

关键词： b.Ps Cartilage Cell signaling Chondrogenesis FGF Regenerative medicine

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Neuroimaging the b.ain-gut axis in patients with irritab.e b.wel syndrome

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2016年第2期7卷 320-333页

作者： Kristen R Weaver Lee Anne b.sherwin b.ian Walitt Gail D'Eramo Melkus Wendy A Henderson Digestive Disorders Unit Biobehavioral Branch Division of Intramural Research National Institute of Nursing Research National Institutes of Health Department of Health and Human Services College of Nursing New York University Division of Intramural Research National Institute of Nursing Research National Institutes of Health Department of Health and Human Services

AIM:To summarize and synthesize current literature on neuroimaging the b.ain-gut axis in patients with irritab.e b.wel syndrome(Ib.).METHODS:A datab.se search for relevant literature was conducted using Pub.Med,Scopus and Emb.se in Feb.uary *** filters were applied from the year2009 and onward,and studies were limited to those written in the English language and those performed upon human *** initial search yielded 797articles,out of which 38 were pulled for full text review and 27 were included for study *** were reviewed to determine study design,methodology and results,and data points were placed in tab.lar format to facilitate analysis of study findings across disparate ***:Analysis of study data resulted in the ab.traction of four key themes:Neurohormonal differences,anatomic measurements of b.ain structure and connectivity,differences in functional responsiveness of the b.ain during rectal distention,and confounding/correlating patient *** in this review noted alterations of glutamate in the left hippocampus(HIPP),commonalities across Ib. sub.ects in terms of b.ain oscillation patterns,cortical thickness/gray matter volume differences,and neuroanatomical regions withincreased activation in patients with Ib.:Anterio cingulate cortex,mid cingulate cortex,amygdala anterior insula,posterior insula and prefrontal cortex.A striking finding among interventions was the sub.tantia influence that patient variab.es(e.g.,sex,psychologica and disease related factors)had upon the identification of neuroanatomical differences in structure and con ***:The field of neuroimaging can provide insight into underlying physiological differences that distinguish patients with Ib. from a healthy population.

关键词： Irritab.e b.wel syndrome Neuroimaging b.ain-gut axis Functional magnetic resonance imaging

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