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Predictors of vitamin D deficiency in inflammatory bowel disease and health: A Mississippi perspective

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第4期23卷 638-645页

作者： Kumar Pallav Daniel Riche warren l may Patrick Sanchez Nitin K Gupta Division of Digestive Diseases University of Mississippi Medical Center Department of Pharmacy Practice University of Mississippi Medical Center

AIMTo identify the predictors of vitamin D deficiency in patients with and without inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).METHODSPatients with ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn’s disease (CD) related diagnostic codes who received medical care at University of Mississippi Medical Center between July 2012 and 2015 were identified. After thorough chart review, we identified patients with biopsy proven IBD who had also been tested for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration. We compared these patients to a previously studied cohort of healthy controls who also had vitamin D concentration checked. logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association between vitamin d deficiency and UC, CD, race, age, gender and body mass index (BMI).RESUlTSWe identified 237 patients with confirmed IBD. Of these, only 211 had a serum 25(OH)D concentrations available in the medical record. The group of healthy controls consisted of 98 individuals with available serum 25(OH)D concentration. 43% of IBD patients were African American (AA). Patients with CD were more likely to have vitamin D concentration checked. Bivariate analysis showed that AA (51% vs 21%, P = 0.00001), subjects with BMI >30 kg/m2 (39% vs 23% P = 0.01) and CD (40% vs 26%, P = 0.04) were more likely to be vitamin D deficient than vitamin D sufficient. Those with Age > 65 were more likely to be vitamin D sufficient (46% vs 15%, P = 0.04). Multiple regression showed that only BMI > 30 kg/m2 and AA race are associated with vitamin D *** > 30 kg/m2 and AA race are predictive of vitamin D deficiency. Gender, age and diagnosis of IBD are not predictive of vitamin D deficiency.

关键词： Vitamin D deficiency Inflammatory bowel disease Body mass index Ulcerative colitis Crohn’ s disease African American

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Variations in Probability Assessment With Atypical Scenarios

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Management Studies 2024年第4期12卷 245-247页

作者： warren Richard Hughes University of Waikato HamiltonNew Zealand

Probability assessment in some scenarios may involve unusual aspects such as requiring certain values for some events and extremely high or low probabilities in other cases.

关键词： probability assessment pairwise values spreadsheets

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Sustainability: A view from the wind-eroded field

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2007年第4期19卷 470-474页

作者： Andrew warren Department of Geography University College london LondonWCIH OAPUK.

This article explores the assessment of sustainability in fields subject to wind erosion. In the first part, simple sustainability audits are examined, as of soil depth and nutrients. Direct measurement of these characteristics has many problems, largely because of huge variability in space and time at all scales. Modelling still has its problems, but it may be possible to overcome many of them soon. It is true that wind erosion preferentially removes soil nutrients, but there are imponderables even here. The nutrient balance in many of these soils includes considerable input from dust. In West Africa, it has been shown that the amounts of calcium and potassium that are added in dust are sufficient to fertilize dispersed crops. In mildly acidic sandy soils, such as those found on the widespread palaeo- aeolian deposits, much of the phosphorus is fixed and unavailable to plants by the time it is removed by wind erosion, so that erosion has no added downside. Most of the nutrients carried by dust have been shown to travel close to the ground （even when they are attached to dust-sized particles）, and so are trapped in nearby fallow strips, and are thus not lost to the farming system. Second, the sustalnabillty of a whole semi-arid farming system is explored. Wind erosion in semi-arid areas （like China, the Sahel and Norflawestern Europe） generally takes place on aeolian deposits of the recent geological past. Most of these soils are deep enough to withstand centuries of wind erosion before they are totally lost to production, and some of these soils have greater fertility at greater depth （so that wind erosion may even improve the soil）. Finally some remarks are made about environmental change in relation to sustainability.

关键词： sustartinability wind erosion nutrient budget environmental change

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Is aggregated oviposition by the blow flies lucilia sericata and Phormia regina （Diptera： Calliphoridae） really pheromone-mediated？

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Insect Science 2015年第5期22卷 651-660页

作者： Bekka S. Brodie warren H. l. Wong Sherah Vanlaerhoven Gerhard Gries Simon Fraser University Dept. of Biological Sciences Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada and University of Windsor Windsor ON N9B3P4 Canada

When female blow flies lucilia sericata and Phormia regina （Diptera： Cal- liphoridae） oviposit in aggregations on carrion, even-aged larval offspring reportedly de- velop faster, and fewer are parasitized or preyed upon. The benefits of aggregated ovipo- sition equally affect con- and heterospecific larvae sharing a resource. The benefits imply that female blow flies engage in coordinated, pheromone-mediated oviposition behavior. Yet, repeated attempts to identify oviposition pheromones have failed invoking doubt that they exist. Simply by regurgitating and feeding on carrion, flies may produce attractive semiochemicals. If flies were to aggregate in response to feeding flies rather than oviposit- ing flies, then the semiochemical cue（s） may be associated with the salivary gland. Working with l. sericata and P.. regina and using liver as a surrogate oviposition medium, we test the hypotheses, and present data in their support, that （i） gravid or nongravid females ovipositing and/or feeding on liver enhance its attractiveness to gravid and nongravid fe- males; （ii） females respond to semiochemicals from feeding heterospecific females; （iii） females respond equally well to semiochemicals from feeding con- and heterospecific females; （iv） macerated head tissues of females applied to liver enhance its attractiveness; and （v） females in direct contact with and feeding on liver, but not when next to yet physically separated from liver, enhance attraction of flies. We conclude that oviposition site-seeking females do not respond to an oviposition pheromone. Instead, they appear to coopt semiochemicals associated with feeding flies as resource indicators, taking chances that resources are suitable for oviposition, and that ovipositing flies are present.

关键词： blow flies carrion egg-laying site pheromone saliva semiochemical

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Passive eye movements induced by electromagnetic force(EMF) in rats

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Zoological Research 2019年第3期40卷 211-218页

作者： Yue Yu Jun Huang Chun-Ming Zhang Tian-Wen Chen David S.Sandlin Shao-Xun Wang Alberto A.Arteaga Jerome Allison Yang Ou Susan warren Paul may Hong Zhu Wu Zhou Departments of Otolaryngology and Communicative Sciences University of Mississippi Medical CenterJackson MS 39216USA Department of Otolaryngology First Affiliated HospitalShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan Shanxi 030001China MD/PhD Program University of Mississippi Medical CenterJackson MS 39216USA Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Mississippi Medical CenterJackson MS 39216.USA Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences University of Mississippi Medical CenterJackson MS 39216USA Neurology University of Mississippi Medical CenterJackson MS 39216USA

Accurate information on eye position in the orbit is available from visual feedback,efference copy of the oculomotor commands and proprioceptive signals from the extraocular muscles (EOM).Whereas visual feedback and oculomotor commands have been extensively studied,central processing of EOM proprioceptive signals remains to be elucidated.A challenge to the field is to develop an approach to induce passive eye movements without physically contacting the eyes.A novel method was developed to generate passive eye movements in rats.A small rare-earth magnet disk (0.7 mm diameter,0.5 mm thickness) was attached to the surface of a rat's eyeball.A metal rod (5 mm diameter) wrapped with an electromagnetic (EM) coil was placed near the magnet (8-15 mm).By passing currents to the EM coil,electromagnetic force (EMF) was generated and acted upon the magnet and induced passive eye *** EMF induced well-defined passive eye movements,whose directions were dependent on current polarity and amplitudes and peak velocities were dependent on current intensity and *** velocities of the EMF-induced eye movements were linearly related to amplitudes,exhibiting main sequence relationships similar to that of saccades in awake rats and eye movements induced by electrical microstimulation of the abducens nucleus in anesthetized *** examination showed that repetitive EMF stimulations did not appear to result in damages in the EOM *** results validated the EMF approach as a novel tool to investigate EOM proprioceptive signals and their roles in visual localization and gaze control.

关键词： Eye movement Proprioception Extraocular muscles Stretch reflex

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Utilization of Thermally Treated Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) Gypsum and Class-C Fly Ash (CFA) to Prepare CFA-Based Geopolymer

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2013年第1期28卷 132-138页

作者：郭晓潞施惠生 warren A Dick Key laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials (Tongji University) Ministry of Education School of Environment and Natural Resources the Ohio State University

The feasibility of utilization of flue gas desulfurization （FGD） gypsum and Class-C fly ash （CFA） to prepare CFA-based geopolymer were studied. The results showed that geopolymer made from 90% CFA and 10% FGD gypsum （FGDG） which was thermally treated at 800 ℃ for 1 h obtained the better compressive strength of 37.0 MPa. The micro characteristics and structures of the geopolymer samples of CFA and CFA-FGDG were tested by XRD, FT-IR, and SEM-EDXA after these samples cured at 75 ℃ for 8 h followed by 23 ℃ for 28 d. Both the geopolymer samples of CFA and CFA-FGDG have significant asymmetric stretching of A1-O/Si-O bonds and Si-O-Si / Si-O-A1 bending band. In geopolymer sample of CFA-FGDG, a small quantity of lathy products probably being the ettringite wrapped over the spherical fly ash particle, and the concentration of sulfur is much more than that in geopolymer sample of CFA. It is indicated that FGD gypsum may react during alkali-activated and geopolymeric process.

关键词： flue gas desulphurization (FGD)gypsum class-C fly ash(CFA) geopolymer thermal treatment

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Colonization features of marine biofilm-dwelling protozoa in Chinese coastal waters of the Yellow Sea

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Marine life Science & Technology 2020年第3期2卷 292-301页

作者： Mohammad Nurul Azim Sikder Henglong Xu Alan warren laboratory of Microbial Ecology Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266003China Institute of Marine Sciences University of ChittagongChittagong 4331Bangladesh Department of life Sciences Natural History MuseumLondon SW75BDUK

Colonization features of biofilm-dwelling protozoa,especially ciliates,are routinely used as a useful tool for marine *** this review,we summarize some of these features to develop an optimal sampling strategy for using biofilmdwelling protozoa as bioindicators of marine water *** focus on the utility of:(1)diversity in dices to analyze the colonizahon features of biofilm-dwelling protozoa for monitoring marine water quality;(2)MacArthur-Wilson and logistic equation models to determine spatio-temporal variations in colonization dynamics;and(3)homogeneity in taxonomic breadth of biofilm-dwelling protozoa during the process of *** main findings are that:(1)the colonization dynamics of biofilm-dwelling protozoa are similar at depths of 1-5 m in spring and autumn;(2)temporal variability was well fitted to the MacArthur-Wilson and logistic models(Plibrium after a colonization period of 10-14 days in spring and autumn,but this took less time in the summer and more time in the ***-plotting tests demonstrated spatial variability in homogeneity in taxonomic structure of the ciiiate communities at different depths in the water column,with high levels at 1 m and 2 m and lower levels at 3.5 m and 5 ***,the findings of this review suggest that the colonization dynamics of biofilin-dwelling protozoa may be influenced by different depths and seasons in coastal waters and 1-2 m in spring and autumn may be optimal sampling strategy for bioassessment on large spatial/temporal scales in marine ecosystems.

关键词： Bioassessment Colonization survey Marine ecosystem Periphytic ciliates Taxonomic breadth Seasonal and vertical variations

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From oral structure to molecular evidence:new insights into the evolutionary phylogeny of the ciliate order Sessilida(Protista,Ciliophora),with the establishment of two new families and new contributions to the poorly studied family Vaginicolidae

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Science China(life Sciences) 2023年第7期66卷 1535-1553页

作者： Borong lu Xiaozhong Hu Alan warren Weibo Song Ying Yan Institute of Evolution&Marine Biodiversity Ocean University of ChinaQingdao266003China College of Fisheries Ocean University of ChinaQingdao266003China Department of life Sciences Natural History MuseumLondonSW75BDUK laoshan laboratory Qingdao266237China

Ciliated protists represent one of the most primitive and diverse lineages of eukaryotes,with nuclear dimorphism,a distinctive sexual process(conjugation),and extensive genome *** divergent ciliate lineages,the peritrich order Sessilida includes members with a colonial lifestyle,which may hint to an independent evolutionary attempt for multicellularity,although they are still single-celled *** date,the evolution and phylogeny of this group are still far from clear,in part due to the paucity of molecular and/or morphological data for many *** this study,we extend taxon sampling of a loricate group of sessilids by obtaining 69 new r DNA(SSU r DNA,ITS1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2,and lSU r DNA)sequences from 20 wellcharacterized representative species and analyze the phylogenetic relationships within *** main findings are:(i)the genera Rhabdostyla and Campanella each represents a unique taxon at family level,supporting the establishment of two new families,i.e.,Rhabdostylidae *** Campanellidae ***.,respectively,the former being sister to a morphologically heterogeneous clade comprising Astylozoidae and several incertae sedis species and the latter occupying the basal position within the Sessilida clade;(ii)the structure of infundibular polykinety 3 is likely to be a phylogenetically informative character for resolving evolutionary relationships among sessilids;(iii)differences between sparsely and the densely arranged silverline systems could be a suprageneric taxonomic character;(iv)the monophyly of Vaginicolidae is confirmed,which is consistent with its specialized morphology,i.e.,the possession of a typical peritrich lorica which might be an apomorphy for this group;(v)within Vaginicolidae,the monotypic Cothurniopsis sensu Stokes,1893 is a synonym of Cothurnia Ehrenberg,1831,and a new combination is created,i.e.,Cothurnia valvata ***.;(vi)Vaginicola sensu lato comprises at least two distinctly divergent clades,one affiliated w

关键词： evolutionary hypotheses new families peritrich ciliates phylogeny protist

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Trait plasticity, not values, best corresponds with woodland plant success in novel and manipulated habitats

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2013年第3期6卷 201-210页

作者： Robert J.warren II Jeffrey K.lake Department of Biology SUNY Buffalo State1300 Elmwood AvenueBuffaloNY 14222USA Department of Biology Adrian CollegeAdrianMI49221USA

Aims The clustering of plants with similar leaf traits along environmental gradients may arise from adaptation as well as acclimation to het-erogeneous habitat *** the forces that shape plant leaf traits requires both linking variation in trait morphology with abiotic gradients and linking that trait variation with plant per-formance under varying abiotic *** the spectrum of plant types,shade-tolerant evergreen herbs are relatively low in trait plasticity,compared to deciduous and sun-adapted *** plants employ stress-tolerant strategies for survival,which coincide with relatively static trait morphologies,slow growth and hence a lower ability to adjust to changing environmental *** We investigate how the survival of two ecologically similar under-story evergreen species,Asarum arifolium and Hepatica nobilis,cor-responds with variation in six commonly measured functional traits(leaf area,specific leaf area,plant height,leaf number,leaf length and shoot mass)along natural and experimental abiotic *** examine temporal(the period 2007-9)and spatial(100 km)variations in these traits after(i)translocating 576 plants across a span from the southerm Appalachian Mountains in NC,USA,to the Piedmont,GA,USA,which includes north-and south-facing slope habitats and(ii)the experimental manipulation of diffuse light and soil *** findings We find that when translocated into a novel habitats,with novel environmental conditions that often are more extreme than the source habitat,both species appear capable of considerable mor-phological acclimation and generally converge to similar trait *** nobilis does not exhibit mean trait values particu-larly different from those of ***,but it demonstrates much greater phenotypic *** results indicate that relatively conservative plant species nonetheless acclimate and survive across heterogeneous environmental conditions.

关键词： Functional traits Asarum arifolium Hepatica nobilis niche specific leaf area understory

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Planktonic protist communities in semi-enclosed mariculture waters: temporal dynamics of functional groups and their responses to environmental conditions

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2010年第4期29卷 106-115页

作者： XU Henglong warren Alan Al-RASHEID Khaled A S ZHU Mingzhuang SONG Weibo laboratory of Protozoology Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 China Department of Zoology Natural History Museum Cromwell Rd London UK Zoology Department King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia

The functional groups of planktonic protist communities and their responses to the changes of environmental conditions were investigated in a semi-enclosed shrimp-farming pond in Qingdao,Shandong Province,China,during a six-month study period （a complete shrimp-culture cycle） from may to October *** results reveal that：（1） the protist communities represented five trophic and functional groups of the species identified,about 60% were photoautotrophs,20% algivores,12% bacterivores,5% raptors and about 3% non-selectives;（2） the photoautotrophs,algivores and bacterivores were the primary contributors to the changes in the protist communities in short temporal scales,the succession of dominance typically being bacterivores→photoautotrophs→algivores,with the raptors dominating the protist communities in a single sample （early June）;（3） the photoautotrophs and non-selectives were the primary contributors to the peak of protist abundance in early October whereas the photoautotrophs,bacterivores,raptors and non-selectives mainly gave rise to two bimodal peaks of biomass in July and October respectively;（4） five functional groups of protist communities represented significant correlations with water nutrients （i.e.,NH 3-N,NO 3-N,and PO 4 ）,either alone or in combination with temperature,of which algivores and raptors were strongly correlated with phosphate and the concentration of Chl a,while bacterivores were strongly related to nitrogen and the concentration of *** findings confirm that planktonic protists are potentially useful bioindicators of water quality in the semi-enclosed mariculture system.

关键词： environmental stress planktonic protists functional group microbial ecology marimculture

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