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Praziquantel decreases fecundity in Schistosoma mansoni adult worms that survive treatment:evidence from a laboratory life-history trade-offs selection study

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 988-998页

作者： Poppy H.l.lamberton Christina l.Faust Joanne P.webster Institute for Biodiversity Animal Healthand Comparative Medicine&Wellcome Centre for Molecular ParasitologyCollege of MedicalVeterinary&Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowG128QQGlasgowUK london Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research Department of Infectious Disease EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthImperial College LondonSt Mary’s CampusW21PGLondonUK Centre for Endemic Emerging and Exotic DiseasesThe Royal Veterinary CollegeUniversity of LondonLondon AL97TAUK

Background:Mass drug administration of praziquantel is the world Health Organization’s endorsed control strategy for schistosomiasis.A decade of annual treatments across sub-Saharan Africa has resulted in significant reductions of infection prevalence and intensity levels,although‘hotspots’*** drug treatments place strong selective pressures on parasites,which may affect life-history traits that impact transmission *** drug treatment responses and the evolution of such traits can help inform on how to minimise the risk of drug resistance developing,maximise sustainable control programme success,and improve diagnostic ***:we performed a four-generation Schistosoma mansoni praziquantel selection experiment in mice and *** used three *** lines:a praziquantel-resistant isolate(R),a praziquantel-susceptible isolate(S),and a coinfected line(RS),under three treatment regimens:untreated,25 mg/kg praziquantel,or 50 mg/kg *** traits,including parasite adult-worm establishment,survival,reproduction(fecundity),and associated morbidity,were recorded in mice across all four *** variables were tested in a series of generalized linear mixed effects models to determine which factors had a significant influence on parasite life-history traits in definitive hosts under different selection ***:Praziquantel pressure significantly reduced adult-worm burdens across all generations and isolates,including within ***,previous drug treatment resulted in an increase in adult-worm establishment with increasing generation from P1 to *** highest worm numbers were in the co-infected RS *** treatment decreased adult-worm burden,but had a larger negative impact on the mean daily number of miracidia,a proxy for fecundity,across all three parasite ***:Our predicted cost of resistance was not supported by the traits we measured within the murine host.

关键词： Schistosoma mansoni Biomphalaria Mouse Praziquantel Resistance Establishment Survival Fecundity Trade-offs

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Chaperones in hepatitis C virus infection

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world Journal of Hepatology 2016年第1期8卷 9-35页

作者： Ronik Khachatoorian Samuel w French Department of Pathology and laboratory Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine at University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095United States Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center David Geffen School of Medicine at University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095United States UClA AIDS Institute David Geffen School of Medicine at University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90024United States

The hepatitis C virus(HCV) infects approximately 3% of the world population or more than 185 million people worldwide. Each year, an estimated 350000-500000 deaths occur worldwide due to HCV-associated diseases including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. HCV is the most common indication for liver transplantation in patients with cirrhosis worldwide. HCV is an enveloped RNA virus classified in the genus Hepacivirus in the Flaviviridae family. The HCV viral life cycle in a cell can be divided into six phases:(1) binding and internalization;(2) cytoplasmic release and uncoating;(3) viral polyprotein translation and processing;(4) RNA genome replication;(5) encapsidation(packaging) and assembly; and(6) virus morphogenesis(maturation) and secretion. Many host factors are involved in the HCV life cycle. Chaperones are an important group of host cytoprotective molecules that coordinate numerous cellular processes including protein folding, multimeric protein assembly, protein trafficking, and protein degradation. All phases of the viral life cycle require chaperone activity and the interaction of viral proteins with chaperones. This review will present our current knowledge and understanding of the role of chaperones in the HCV life cycle. Analysis of chaperones in HCV infection will provide further insights into viral/host interactions and potential therapeutic targets for both HCV and other viruses.

关键词： Hepatitis C hepatitis C virus Chaperones Heat shock proteins viral life cycle

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Vitamin D in prostate cancer

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2018年第3期20卷 244-252页

作者： Donald l Trump Jeanny B Aragon-Ching Inova Schar Cancer Institute Inova Health System Fairfax VA 22037 USA.

Signaling through the vitamin D receptor has been shown to be biologically active and important in a number of preclinical studies in prostate and other cancers. Epidemiologic data also indicate that vitamin D signaling may be important in the cause and prognosis of prostate and other cancers. These data indicate that perturbation of vitamin D signaling may be a target for the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer. large studies of vitamin D supplementation will be required to determine whether these observations can be translated into prevention strategies. This paper reviews the available data in the use of vitamin D compounds in the treatment of prostate cancer. Clinical data are limited which support the use of vitamin D compounds in the management of men with prostate cancer. However, clinical trials guided by existing preclinical data are limited.

关键词： androgens CYP24A1 inflammation prostate cancer vitamin D analogs

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美国实业界巨子雅科卡自传

美国实业界巨子雅科卡自传

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作者： l.·雅科卡(l. Iacocca) w.·诺瓦克(w. Novak)

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Effects of A Top SiO2 Surface layer on Cavity Formation and Helium Desorption in Silicon

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Journal of Rare Earths 2006年第Z1期24卷 78-82页

作者： liu Changlong Yin lijun lü Yiying Alquier D Department of Physics School of Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China Tianjin Key laboratory of low Dimension Materials Physics and Preparing Technology Institute of Advanced Materials Physics Faculty of Science Tianjin 300072 China Department of Physics School of Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China Department of Physics School of Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China LMP/STMicroelectronics 16 rue Pierre et Marie Curie B. P. 7155 F37071 Tours Cedex France

Cz n-type Si (100) samples with and without a top SiO2 layer were implanted with 40 keV helium ions at the same dose of 5×1016 cm-2. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM) and thermal desorption spectroscopy (THDS) were used to study the thermal evolution of cavities upon and helium thermal release, respectively. XTEM results show that the presence of the top SiO2 layer could suppress the thermal growth of cavities mainly formed in the region close to the SiO2/Si interface, which leads to the reduction in both the cavity band and cavity density. THDS results reveal that the top oxide layer could act as an effective barrier for the migration of helium atoms to the surface, and it thus gives rise to the formation of more overpresurrized bubbles and to the occurrence of a third release peak located at about 1100 K. The results were qualitively discussed by considering the role of the oxide surface layer in defect migration and evolution upon annealing.

关键词： silicon SiO2 layer helium implantation cavities helium release

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Mechatronic Modeling and Domain Transformation of Multi-physics Systems

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Instrumentation 2021年第1期8卷 14-28页

作者： Clarence w.DE SIlVA Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of British ColumbiaVancouverBC V6T 1Z4

The enhanced definition of Mechatronics involves the four underlying characteristics of integrated,unified,unique,and systematic *** this realm,Mechatronics is not limited to electro-mechanical systems,in the multi-physics sense,but involves other physical domains such as fluid and *** paper summarizes the mechatronic approach to *** graphs facilitate the development of state-space models of mechatronic systems,through this *** use of linear graphs in mechatronic modeling is outlined and an illustrative example of sound system modeling is *** time-domain and frequency-domain approaches are presented for the use of linear graphs.A mechatronic model of a multi-physics system may be simplified by converting all the physical domains into an equivalent single-domain system that is entirely in the output domain of the *** approach of converting(transforming)physical domains is *** illustrative example of a pressure-controlled hydraulic actuator system that operates a mechanical load is given.

关键词： Mechatronic Modeling,Multi-physics Systems,Integrated,Unified,Unique and Systematic Approach linear Graphs,Physical Domain Conversion/Transformation

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Bile acids as drivers and biomarkers of hepatocellular carcinoma

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world Journal of Hepatology 2022年第9期14卷 1730-1738页

作者： Santo Colosimo Jeremy w Tomlinson Oxford Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and MetabolismUniversity of OxfordOxford OX37LEUnited Kingdom School of Nutrition Science University of MilanMilan 20133Italy

The prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is rapidly increasing,driven not least in part by the escalating prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver *** acid(BA)profiles are altered in patients with HCC and there is a developing body of evidence from in vitro human cellular models as well as rodent data suggesting that BA are able to modulate fundamental processes that impact on cellular phenotype predisposing to the development of HCC including senescence,proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal *** in BA profiles associated with HCC have the potential to be exploited *** excellent diagnostic and imaging tools are available,their use to screen populations with advanced liver disease at risk of HCC is limited by high cost and low *** mainstay for HCC screening among subjects with cirrhosis remains frequent interval ultrasound ***,currently available serum biomarkers add little to diagnostic ***,we review the current literature on the use of BA measurements as predictors of HCC incidence in addition to their use as a potential screening method for the early detection of *** these approaches do show early promise,there are limitations including the relatively small cohort sizes,the lack of a standardized approach to BA measurement,and the use of inappropriate control comparator samples.

关键词： Bile acid liver cancer Screening Cirrhosis Serum metabolites Urine metabolites

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Social capital and folk lending in China’s hottest financial market

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Economic and Political Studies 2018年第1期6卷 69-90页

作者： w.Travis Selmier II Department of Political Science Indiana UniversityBloomingtonINUSA

In 2011,respnding to a credit crunch,wenzhou became the first and only municipality to institute complete financial *** had been the fastest growing municipal economy in China's fastest-growing province for two *** the global financial crisis hit hard the informal financial networks which funded small and medium-sized *** so-called'wenzhou model'has long been dependent on financial capital from other parts of China funnelled through these networks to fund local entrepreneurs,especially the person-to-person financing known as folk *** informal financial networks relied heavily on interpersonal connections,reputation and trust,the major ingredients of social capital in banking and *** order to generate the social capital lost in the credit crunch,wenzhou created govermment financial intermediaries,but these have not had much ***,peer-to-peer on-line financing companies(P2P platforms),established concurrently by private entre preneurs with ltte capital,have been highly *** effect,P2P platforms have capitalised on the"wenzhou model'by using the wenzhou brand name to create a new form of financing net-work channel.

关键词： Financial institutions economic sociology networks socialcapital transitional economies China guanxi

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Dibaryon Signals in NN Scattering Data and Further Measurement at COSY,lEPS and CSR

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原子核物理评论 2009年第S1期26卷 137-141页

作者： C. w. wong Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California

The NΔ and ΔΔ dibaryon resonances are studied by calculating the NN scattering phase shifts with explicitly coupling these dibaryon channels in a multi-channel coupling calculation with two quark models. These quark models,the chiral quark model and quark delocalization color screening model,describe the NN S-,D-wave phase shifts below the π production threshold quantitatively well. Both quark models predict the 1D2 resonance discovered in NN partial wave phase shift analysis and the J=1 or 3 isoscalar resonance recently reported by CElSIUS-wASA Collaboration are NΔ5S2 and ΔΔ7S3 resonance,respectively. Further measurements at COSY,lEPS and lanzhou Cooling Storage Ring(CSR) to check the ΔΔ resonance are discussed.

关键词： nucleon-nucleon scattering dibaryon quark model

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The Belt and Road Initiative and the influence of Islamic economies

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Economic and Political Studies 2018年第3期6卷 257-277页

作者： w.Travis Selmier II Department of Political Science Indiana UniversityBloomingtonINUSA

while the name‘Silk Road’connotes significant Chinese influence,in fact since the eighth century the old land route ran mostly through Islamic countries and areas,from present-day Xinjiang to Istanbul,and the old sea route passed through Islamic trading principalities for *** Islamic economies,and concepts of Islamic economics,will exert considerable impact on the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI,also known as OBOR)development *** a non-Muslim majority country,China has a longer,deeper and more influential history of cultural interaction with Islam than any other large country or major culture,save perhaps India and Indian *** new‘west’for China consists of countries with great variety of Islamic economies,and so I argue that China has certain unique advantages to engage with Islamic economies and utilise Islamic banking and *** Kazakhstan,Pakistan and Iran as examples,this paper argues that variation across modern views of‘Islamic economics’not only results in challenges but also holds promise for BRI development strategies in countries with Muslim majorities.

关键词： Islamic economics BRI and Silk Road China Kazakhstan Pakistan Iran infrastructural investment

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