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Methane, Nitrous Oxide and Ammonia generation in full-scale swine wastewater purification facilities

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2017年第3期11卷 115-122页

作者： Takashi Osada Makoto Shiraishi teruaki Hasegawa Hirofumi Kawahara National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0005 Japan Okayama Prefectural Center for Animal Husbandry Research Misaki Okayama 709-3401 Japan Chiba Prefectural Livestock Research Center Yachimata Chiba 289-1113 Japan Saga Prefectural Higashimastuura Agricultural Development and Extension Center Karatsu Saga 847-0861 Japan

The activated sludge process to remove nitrogen and biochemical oxygen demand （BOD） is reportedly cost-effective for swine wastewater treatment, and it use has thus increased in pig farming. Nitrous oxide （N20） is generated on farms as an intermediate product in nitrification and denitrification, and methane （CH4） is also generated from organic degradation under anaerobic conditions by microorganisms in manure or wastewater. This study was carried out at five activated sludge treatment facilities across Japan between August 2014 and January 2015. Measurements were conducted over several weeks at wastewater purification facilities for swine farms： two in Chiba prefecture （East Japan）, two in Okayama prefecture （West Japan）, and one in Saga （Southern Japan）. Taking several environmental fluctuations into account, we collected measurement data continuously day and night, during both high-temperature and low-temperature periods. The results indicated that CH4 and N20 emission factors were 0.91% （kgCHa·kg volatile solids^-1） and 2.87% （g N2O-N·kg total N^-1）, respectively. Ammonia emissions were negligible in all of the measurements from the wastewater facilities. The N20 emission factor calculated under this experiment was low compared to our previous finding （5.0%; g N2O-N·kg N^-1） in a laboratory experiment. In contrast, the CH4 emission factor calculated herein was rather high compared to the laboratory measurements. There was great variation in daily GHG emission factors measured in the actual wastewater treatment facilities. In particular, the N2O emission rate was affected by several environmental conditions at each facility location, as well as by the management of the wastewater treatment.

关键词： Manure Greenhouse gas Denitrification BOD/NNitrous oxide Methane

Hormones and phenotypic plasticity： Implications for the evolution of integrated adaptive phenotypes

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Current Zoology 2013年第4期59卷 506-525页

作者： Sean C. LEMA Jun kitano Biological Sciences Department Center for Coastal Marine Sciences California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo CA 93407-0401 Ecological Genetics Laboratory National Institute of Genetics Mishima Shizuoka Japan

It is generally accepted that taxa exhibit genetic variation in phenotypic plasticity, but many questions remain unan- swered about how divergent plastic responses evolve under dissimilar ecological conditions. Hormones are signaling molecules that act as proximate mediators of phenotype expression by regulating a variety of cellular, physiological, and behavioral re- sponses. Hormones not only change cellular and physiological states but also influence gene expression directly or indirectly, thereby linking environmental conditions to phenotypic development. Studying how hormonal pathways respond to environ- mental variation and how those responses differ between individuals, populations, and species can expand our understanding of the evolution of phenotypic plasticity. Here, we explore the ways that the study of hormone signaling is providing new insights into the underlying proximate bases for individual, population or species variation in plasticity. Using several studies as exem- plars, we examine how a ＇norm of reaction＇ approach can be used in investigations of hormone-mediated plasticity to inform the following： 1） how environmental cues affect the component hormones, receptors and enzymes that comprise any endocrine sig- naling pathway, 2） how genetic and epigenetic variation in endocrine-associated genes can generate variation in plasticity among these diverse components, and 3） how phenotypes mediated by the same hormone can be coupled and decoupled via independent plastic responses of signaling components across target tissues. Future studies that apply approaches such as reaction norms and network modeling to questions concerning how hormones link environmental stimuli to ecologically-relevant phenotypic re- sponses should help unravel how phenotypic plasticity evolves

关键词： Hormone Endocrine Reaction norm Developmental plasticity Pleiotropy Ecology Network

Troubleshooting of reinterventions after stent-by-stent placement for malignant hilar biliary obstruction(with videos)

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2022年第5期21卷 500-502页

作者： Tadahisa Inoue Rena kitano Masashi Yoneda Department of Gastroenterology Aichi Medical University1-1 YazakokarimataNagakuteAichi 480-1195Japan

To the Editor:Biliary drainage is essential for controlling cholangitis and/or jaundice in patients with malignant hilar biliary obstruction,and endoscopy is the first choice of approach due to its less *** unresectable cases,placement of self-expandable metal stents(SEMSs)has been recommended over that of plastic stents due to their longer patency,and bilateral placement is also recommended to achieve higher clinical success and patency rates[1].

关键词： obstruction malignant stent

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Phytoplankton diversity in a tropical bay,North Borneo,Malaysia as revealed by light microscopy and Next-Generation Sequencing

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2022年第12期41卷 142-151页

作者： Brian Wei Khong Chong Sandric Chee Yew Leong Victor SKuwahara teruaki Yoshida Unit for Harmful Algal Bloom Studies Borneo Marine Research InstituteUniversiti Malaysia SabahKota Kinabalu 88400Malaysia St.John’s Island National Marine Laboratory Tropical Marine Science InstituteNational University of SingaporeSingapore 119227Singapore Faculty of Education&Graduate School of Science and Engineering Soka UniversityHachiojiTokyo 192-8577Japan

Assessments of phytoplankton diversity in Sabah waters,North Borneo,have primarily relied on morphology-based identification,which has inherent biases and can be ***-Generation Sequencing(NGS)technology has been shown to be capable of overcoming several limitations of morphology-based *** were collected from the Sepanggar Bay over the course of the year 2018 in different monsoon ***-based identification and NGS sequencing of the V8–V9 region of the 18S LSU rDNA were used to investigate the diversity of the phytoplankton *** and NGS showed complementary results with more diatom taxa detected by microscopy whereas NGS detected smaller and rarer *** harmful algal genera in the study site comprised of Skeletonema,Margalefidinium,Pyrodinium,Takayama,and Alexandrium as detected by *** study showed that that an integrative approach of both morphological and molecular techniques could provide more comprehensive information about the phytoplankton community as the approach captured quantitative variability as well as the diversity of phytoplankton species.

关键词： phytoplankton community Next-Generation Sequencing(NGS) Sabah South China Sea

维普期刊数据库

High-throughput drug screening models of mature adipose tissues which replicate the physiology of patients’Body Mass Index(BMI)

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Bioactive Materials 2022年第1期7卷 227-241页

作者： Fiona Louis Yoshihiro Sowa Shiro kitano Michiya Matsusaki Osaka University Joint Research Laboratory(TOPPAN)for Advanced Cell Regulatory ChemistryGraduate School of Engineering2-1 YamadaokaSuita Osaka565-0871Japan Osaka University Graduate School of EngineeringDepartment of Applied Chemistry2-1 YamadaokaSuita Osaka565-0871Japan Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryGraduate School of Medical SciencesKamigyo-ku Kajii-choKawaramachi-HirokojiKyoto602-8566Japan TOPPAN PRINTING CO. LTD.Technical Research Institute4-2-3 TakanodaiminamiSugito-machiSaitama345-8508Japan

Obesity is a complex and incompletely understood disease,but current drug screening strategies mostly rely on immature in vitro adipose models which cannot recapitulate it *** address this issue,we developed a statistically validated high-throughput screening model by seeding human mature adipocytes from patients,encapsulated in physiological collagen *** drop tissues ensured the maintenance of adipocyte viability and functionality for controlling glucose and fatty acids uptake,as well as glycerol *** such,patients’BMI and insulin sensitivity displayed a strong inverse correlation:the healthy adipocytes were associated with the highest insulin-induced glucose uptake,while insulin resistance was confirmed in the underweight and severely obese *** sensitivity recovery was possible with two type 2 diabetes treatments,rosiglitazone and ***,the addition of blood vasculature to the model seemed to more accurately recapitulate the in vivo physiology,with particular respect to leptin secretion metabolism.

关键词： Mature vascularized adipose tissue reconstruction High-throughput drug-screening model Obesity BMI Diabetes

Starch metabolism and grain chalkiness under high temperature stress

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National Science Review 2016年第3期3卷 280-282页

作者： Pei-Ching Lo Li Hu Hidemi kitano Makoto Matsuoka Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences Nagoya University Bioscience and Biotechnology Center Nagoya University

Rice is one of the most important staple crops,demand for which is increasing with population growth all over the world,especially in *** of recent global warming,significant reduction in yield and quality of rice has now become a serious *** of the most common damages incurred by high temperature(HT) stress is grain *** grains show loosely packed

关键词： QTLs GBSSI Starch metabolism and grain chalkiness under high temperature stress high

Morphology Effects of Leading-edge Serrations on Aerodynamic Force Production： An Integrated Study Using PIV and Force Measurements

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2018年第4期15卷 661-672页

作者： teruaki Ikeda Tetsuya UedA Toshiyuki Nakata Ryusuke NodA Hiroto Tanaka Takeo Fujii Hao Liu Graduate School of Engineering Chiba University 1-33 Yayoi-cho lnage-ku Chiba-shi Chiba 263-8522 Japan TERAL Inc. 230 Moriwake Miyuki-cho Fukuyama-shi Hiroshima 720-0003 Japan School of Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-10okayama Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Chiba University International Cooperative Research Centre (SJTU-CU ICRC) Shanghai 200240 China

While the leading-edge serration in owls＇ wing is known to be responsible for low noise gliding and flapping flights, the findings on its aero-acoustic role have been diverse or even controversial. Here we present an experimental study of the morphological effects of leading-edge serrations on aerodynamic force production by utilizing owl-inspired, single-feather, clean and serrated wing models with different serration lengths and spacing, and by combining Particle Image Velocimetry （PIV） and force measurements. Force measurements show that an increase in the length and density of the leading-edge serrations leads to a reduction in the lift coefficient and lift-to-drag ratio at Angles of Attack （AoAs）〈 15° whereas the clean and serrated wings achieve comparable aerodynamic performance at higher AoAs 〉 15°, which owl wings often reach in flight. Furthermore PIV visualization of the flow fluctuations demonstrates that the leading-edge serration-based mechanism is consistent in all serrated wing models in terms of passive control of the laminar-turbulent transition while at AoAs 〉 15° similar suction flow is present at leading edge resulting in a comparable aerodynamic performance to that of the clean wing. Our results indicate the robustness and usefulness of leading-edge serration-inspired devices for aero-acoustic control in biomimetic rotor designs.

关键词： biomimetic leading-edge serrations low-speed wind tunnel particle image velocimetry aerodynamic force lami-nar-turbulent transition

Improved method of plasma 8-Isoprostane measurement and association analyses with habitual drinking and smoking

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第36期12卷 5846-5852页

作者： Soichi kitano Hisashi Hisatomi Nozomu Hibi Katsumi Kawano Shoji Harada Technology Development Department SRL Inc. Hachioji Tokyo Japan Center for Molecular Biology and Cytogenetics SRL Inc. Hino Tokyo Japan

AIM: To develop a simple and accurate method for quantifying 8-isoprostane in plasma by employing a combination of two-step solid-phase extraction of samples and a commercially available ELISA kit, and by this method to examine the effects of drinking and smoking habits against the levels of plasma 8-isoprostane in healthy Japanese ***: Plasma 8-isoprostane was extracted with ODS gel suspension followed by NH2 Sep-Pak column. The 8-isoprostane fractions were assayed using a commercially available ELISA kit. We measured plasma 8-isoprostane levels in 157 healthy Japanese volunteers divided into three groups (64 non-habitual drinkers, 56 moderate drinkers and 37 habitual drinkers) according to their alcohol consumption per week. Genotypes of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) were also determined to investigate the plasma 8-isoprostane levels with reference to drinking habits. In addition, the plasma 8-isoprostane levels of 96 non-smokers and 61 smokers from the same subjects were ***: Our method fulfilled all the requirements for use in routine clinical assays with respect to sensitivity, intra- and inter-assay reproducibility, accuracy and dynamic assay range. Significant increases of plasma 8-isoprostane levels were observed in female habitual drinkers when compared with those of non-habitual drinkers (t = 5.494, P < 0.0001) as well as moderate drinkers (t = 3.542, P < 0.005), and 8-isoprostane levels were also significantly different between ALDH2*2/1 and ALDH2*1/1 in the female habitual drinkers (t = 6.930, P < 0.0001), suggesting that excessive drinking of alcohol may increase oxidization stress, especially in females. On the contrary, no significant difference of the plasma 8-isoprostane levels was observed between non-smokers and ***: Our present method was proved to be a simple and accurate tool for measuring plasma 8-isoprostane. However, the clinical utility of plasma 8-isoprostane for drinking and smoking habits was

关键词： 8-Isoprostane ELISA Lipid peroxidation Drinking Smoking

Protective effects of ursodeoxycholic acid on chenodeoxycholic acid-induced liver injury in hamsters

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第37期13卷 5003-5008页

作者： Tomomichi Iwaki Kaoru Ishizaki Shuji Kinoshita Hideki Tanaka Atsushi Fukunari Makoto Tsurufuji teruaki Imada Research Laboratory Ⅲ (Immunology) Pharmaceuticals Research Division Mitsubishi Pharma Corporation Yokohama Japan Pharmacokinetics Laboratory Pharmaceuticals Research Division Mitsubishi Pharma Corporation Chiba Japan Discovery Technology Laboratory Pharmaceuticals Research Division Mitsubishi Pharma Corporation Yokohama Japan

AIM： TO investigate the effects of ursodeoxycholic acid （UDCA） on chenodeoxycholic acid （CDCA）-induced liver injury in hamsters, and to elucidate a correlation between liver injury and bile acid profiles in the liver.METHODS： Liver injury was induced in hamsters by administration of 0.5% （w/w） CDCA in their feed for 7 d. UDCA （50 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg） was administered for the last 3 d of the experiment.RESULTS： At the end of the experiment, serum alanine aminotransferase （ALl） increased more than 10 times and the presence of liver injury was confirmed histologically. Marked increase in bile acids was observed in the liver. The amount of total bile acids increased approximately three-fold and was accompanied by the increase in hydrophobic bile acids, CDCA and lithocholic acid （LCA）. UDCA （50 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg） improved liver histology, with a significant decrease （679.3 ±77.5 U/L vs 333.6 ± 50.4 U/L and 254.3 ±35.5 U/ L, respectively, P 〈 0.01） in serum ALT level. UDCA decreased the concentrations of the hydrophobic bile acids, and as a result, a decrease in the total bile acid level in the liver was achieved.CONCLUSION： The results show that UDCA improves oral CDCA-induced liver damage in hamsters. The protective effects of UDCA appear to result from a decrease in the concentration of hydrophobic bile acids, CDCA and LCA, which accumulate and show the cytotoxicity in the liver.

关键词： Chenodeoxycholic acid Hamster Liver bileacids Ursodeoxycholic acid