Hormones and phenotypic plasticity： Implications for the evolution of integrated adaptive phenotypes

作     者：Sean C. LEMA Jun KITANO 

作者机构：Biological Sciences Department Center for Coastal Marine Sciences California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo CA 93407-0401 Ecological Genetics Laboratory National Institute of Genetics Mishima Shizuoka Japan 

出 版 物：《Current Zoology》 (动物学报（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2013年第59卷第4期

页      面：506-525页

核心收录：

学科分类：07[理学] 09[农学] 0902[农学-园艺学] 090201[农学-果树学] 0713[理学-生态学] 

基　　金：SCL is supported by a CSUPERB New Investigator Award JK is supported by JST PRESTO program and Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas from the MEXT 

主　　题：Hormone Endocrine Reaction norm Developmental plasticity Pleiotropy Ecology Network 

摘      要：It is generally accepted that taxa exhibit genetic variation in phenotypic plasticity, but many questions remain unan- swered about how divergent plastic responses evolve under dissimilar ecological conditions. Hormones are signaling molecules that act as proximate mediators of phenotype expression by regulating a variety of cellular, physiological, and behavioral re- sponses. Hormones not only change cellular and physiological states but also influence gene expression directly or indirectly, thereby linking environmental conditions to phenotypic development. Studying how hormonal pathways respond to environ- mental variation and how those responses differ between individuals, populations, and species can expand our understanding of the evolution of phenotypic plasticity. Here, we explore the ways that the study of hormone signaling is providing new insights into the underlying proximate bases for individual, population or species variation in plasticity. Using several studies as exem- plars, we examine how a ＇norm of reaction＇ approach can be used in investigations of hormone-mediated plasticity to inform the following： 1） how environmental cues affect the component hormones, receptors and enzymes that comprise any endocrine sig- naling pathway, 2） how genetic and epigenetic variation in endocrine-associated genes can generate variation in plasticity among these diverse components, and 3） how phenotypes mediated by the same hormone can be coupled and decoupled via independent plastic responses of signaling components across target tissues. Future studies that apply approaches such as reaction norms and network modeling to questions concerning how hormones link environmental stimuli to ecologically-relevant phenotypic re- sponses should help unravel how phenotypic plasticity evolves