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Single-cell trajectories of melanoma cell resistance to targeted treatment

Cancer Biology & Medicine 2022年第1期19卷 56-73页

作者： Maria Schmidt Lena Sünke Mortensen Henry Loeffler-Wirth Corinna Kosnopfel knut Krohn Hans Binder Manfred Kunz Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics University of LeipzigLeipzig 04107Germany Department of Dermatology Venereology and AllergologyUniversity of WürzburgWürzburg 97074Germany Core Unit DNA technologies Medical FacultyUniversity of LeipzigLeipzig 04103Germany Department of Dermatology Venereology and AllergologyUniversity of Leipzig Medical CenterLeipzig 04103Germany

Objective:Cellular heterogeneity is regarded as a major factor affecting treatment response and resistance in malignant *** developments in single-cell sequencing technology have provided deeper insights into these ***:Here,we analyzed a BrAFV600 E-mutant melanoma cell line by single-cell rNA-seq under various conditions:cells sensitive to BrAF inhibition with BrAF inhibitor vemurafenib and cells resistant to BrAF inhibition with vemurafenib alone or vemurafenib in combination with the MEK1/2 inhibitors cobimetinib or *** reduction by t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding and self-organizing maps identified distinct trajectories of resistance development clearly separating the 4 treatment conditions in cell and gene state ***:trajectories associated with resistance to single-agent treatment involved cell cycle,extracellular matrix,and de-differentiation *** contrast,shifts detected in double-resistant cells primarily affected translation and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway reactivation,with a small subpopulation showing markers of *** findings were validated in pseudotime analyses and rNA velocity ***:the single-cell transcriptomic analyses reported here employed a spectrum of bioinformatics methods to identify mechanisms of melanoma resistance to single-and double-agent *** study deepens our understanding of treatmentinduced cellular reprogramming and plasticity in melanoma cells and identifies targets of potential relevance to the management of treatment resistance.

关键词： Melanoma single-cell transcriptome sequencing treatment response

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Semiconductor nanostructures enabled by aerosol technology

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Frontiers of physics 2014年第3期9卷 398-418页

作者： Martin H. Magnusson B. Jonas Ohlsson Mikael t. Bjork Kimberly A. Dick Magnus t. Borgstrom knut Deppert Lars Samuelson Solid State Physics Lund University Box 118 SE-22100 Lund Sweden Sol Voltaics AB Ideon Science Park Scheelevagen 17 SE-22370 Lund Sweden QuNano AB Ideon Science Park Scheelevaigen 17 SE-22370 Lund Sweden Center for Analysis and Synthesis Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden

Aerosol technology provides efficient methods for producing nanoparticles with well-controlled composition and size distribution. this review provides an overview of methods and results obtained by using aerosol technology for producing nanostruetures for a variety of applications in semiconductor physics and device technology. Examples are given from： production of metal and metal alloy particles： semiconductor nanoparticles; semiconductor nanowires, grown both in the aerosol phase and on substrates; physics studies based on individual aerosol-generated devices; and large area deviees based on aerosol particles.

关键词： aerosol nanoparticle nanowire metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) device physics light emitting diodes (LED) solar cell

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In Situ Etching for total Control Over Axial and radial Nanowire Growth

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Nano research 2010年第4期3卷 264-270页

作者： Magnus t.Borgström Jesper Wallentin Johanna trägårdh Peter ramvall Martin Ek Lreine Wallenberg Lars Samuelson knut Deppert Solid State Physics Lund UniversityBox 118S-22100LundSweden Polymer&Materials Chemistry/nCHrEM Lund UniversityS-22100 LundSweden H.H.Wills Physics Laboratory University of BristolTyndall AvenueBristol BS81TLUnited Kingdom

We report a method using in situ etching to decouple the axial from the radial nanowire growth pathway,independent of other growth *** a wide range of growth parameters can be explored to improve the nanowire properties without concern of tapering or excess structural defects formed during radial *** demonstrate the method using etching by HCl during InP nanowire *** improved crystal quality of etched nanowires is indicated by strongly enhanced photoluminescence as compared to reference nanowires obtained without etching.

关键词： MOVPE nanowire growth in situ etching photoluminescence

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淬火速率对AA7108铝合金的微观结构和力学性能的影响(英文)

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transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2012年第8期22卷 1872-1877页

作者： Ida WEStErMANN Ann Leni HAUGStAD Yngve LANGSrUD knut MArtHINSEN SINtEF Materials and Chemistry NO-7465TrondheimNorway Department of Materials Science and Engineering Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyNO-7491TrondheimNorway Benteler Aluminium Systems Norway AS NO-2830RaufossNorway

在480°C固溶温度对AA7108铝合金进行不同工艺的淬火。将合金连续冷却、淬火至中间温度(400,300和200°C)并保温不同时间,再进行工业两步人工时效处理,以获得最大强度(t6)。t6态淬火材料的拉伸试验表明,材料的强度很大程度上取决于冷却... 详细信息

在480°C固溶温度对AA7108铝合金进行不同工艺的淬火。将合金连续冷却、淬火至中间温度(400,300和200°C)并保温不同时间,再进行工业两步人工时效处理,以获得最大强度(t6)。t6态淬火材料的拉伸试验表明,材料的强度很大程度上取决于冷却/保温时间。通过透射电子显微镜(tEM)观察材料中沉淀物结构来解释材料的力学性能差异。

关键词：铝合金微观结构无析出带力学性能

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rough operators: sphingomyelinase inhibitors spike NK cells to kill cancer

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Signal transduction and targeted therapy 2023年第9期8卷 3892-3893页

作者： Mattias Carlsten Yenan t.Bryceson Center for Hematology and regenerative Medicine Department of Medicine HuddingeKarolinska Institute14157 StockholmSweden Center for Cell therapy and Allogeneic Stem Cell transplantation Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer CenterKarolinska University Hospital17176 StockholmSweden Division of Clinical Immunology and transfusion Medicine Karolinska University Hospital17176 StockholmSweden Broegelmann research Laboratory Department of Clinical SciencesUniversity of Bergen5030 BergenNorway

In a recent study published in Nature Immunology,Zheng et *** that intratumoral NK cells were smooth and rounded as opposed to the typical vili-rich,rougher surface of normal NK cells.1 this phenotype was linked to a specific deficit in membrane sphingomyelin lipids that impaired tumor cell ***,results suggested that NK cell-mediated immunosurveillance of cancer can be rescued by blocking enzymes that degrade sphingomyelin,uncovering a potential novel‘metabolic immune checkpoint’for which pharmacological inhibition holds promise for cancer *** cells are generally considered a subset of innate lymphoid cells that mediate cellular cytotoxicity.

关键词： myelin impaired cancer

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Development and characterization of photovoltaic tandemjunction nanowires using electron-beam-induced current measurements

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Nano research 2022年第9期15卷 8510-8515页

作者： Lukas Hrachowina Enrique Barrigón Magnus t.Borgström NanoLund and Divison of Solid State Physics Lund UniversityBox 11822100 LundSweden Universidad de Málaga Andalucía TechDepartamento de Física Aplicada ⅠCampus de Teatinoss/nMálaga 29071Spain

Nanowires have many interesting properties that are of advantage for solar cells,such as the epitaxial combination of latticemismatched materials without plastic *** could be utilized for the synthesis of axial tandem-junction nanowire solar cells with high efficiency at low material ***-beam-induced current measurements have been used to optimize the performance of single-junction nanowire solar ***,we use electron-beam-induced current measurements to break the barrier to photovoltaic tandem-junction *** particular,we identify and subsequently prevent the occurrence of a parasitic junction when combining an InP n-i-p junction with a tunnel ***,we demonstrate how to use optical and electrical biases to individually measure the electron-beam-induced current of both sub-cells of photovoltaic tandem-junction *** show that with an applied voltage in forward direction,all junctions can be analyzed *** development of this characterization technique enables further optimization of tandem-junction nanowire solar cells.

关键词： Ⅲ-Ⅴnanowire nanowire solar cell tandem-junction Esaki tunnel diode electron-beam induced current(EBIC)

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In-situ characterization of metal nanoparticles and their organic coatings using laser-vaporization aerosol mass spectrometry

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Nano research 2015年第12期8卷 3780-3795页

作者： Patrik t. Nilsson Axel C. Eriksson Linus Ludvigsson Maria E. Messing Erik Z. Nordin Anders Gudmundsson Bengt O. Meuller knut Deppert Edward C. Fortner timothy B. Onasch Joakim H. Pagels Ergonomics and Aerosol technology Lund University P.O. Box 118 Lund SE-22100 Sweden Nuclear Physics Lund University P.O. Box 118 LundSE-22100 Sweden Solid State Physics Lund University P.O. Box 118 Lund SE-22100 Sweden Synchrotron radiation research Lund University P.O. Box 118 Lund SE-22100 Sweden Aerodyne research Inc. Billefica MA 01821-3976 USA

方法的发展很快正在进行经由喷雾器线路与唯一的性质生产 nanoparticles。典型描述技术为随后的离线的分析从合成过程提取粒子，它可以改变粒子特征。在这个工作，我们与 70-eV 电子电离使用激光蒸发喷雾器团 spectrometry (LVbe ) 为... 详细信息

方法的发展很快正在进行经由喷雾器线路与唯一的性质生产 nanoparticles。典型描述技术为随后的离线的分析从合成过程提取粒子，它可以改变粒子特征。在这个工作，我们与 70-eV 电子电离使用激光蒸发喷雾器团 spectrometry (LVbe ) 为即时，在原处 nanoparticle 描述。粒子特征为各种各样的喷雾器合成方法被检验， sintering 的度，并且为器官的材料到的控制冷凝作用模仿表面 coating/functionalization。LVbe 被用来描绘金属 nanoparticles (Ag， Au， Pd， PdAg， Fe， Ni，和 Cu ) 的几种类型。Fe 和 Ni nanoparticles 的氧化的度被发现与增加的 sintering 温度增加，当时表面金属粒子的器官杂质的内容与增加的 sintering 温度减少。为总数金属粒子，器官杂质的内容被发现类似于单层的。由比较不同相等直径的大小，我们证明 LVbe 能与一个微分活动性分析器一起被使用决定综合金属粒子的紧密，在 sintering 期间并且在为表面 functionalization 的材料增加期间。进一步，供应到粒子生产的材料发电机被发现作为沾染物到达发电机的粒子下游地排队。为这的能力在原处观察是重要的，当它在粒子生产以内便于快速的反应到不希望得到的行为，处理。这研究表明实用程序即时，在原处描绘从合成进程直接获得的金属 nanoparticles 的度谱的大小衬里包括他们的化学作文，形状，和污染，为进程操作的有效优化提供潜力的喷雾器质量参数。

关键词：金属纳米粒子原位表征有机涂层镍纳米颗粒合成工艺路线表面功能化烧结温度有机材料

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Keratinocytes costimulate naive human t cells via CD2: a potential target to prevent the development of proinflammatory th1 cells in the skin

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2020年第4期17卷 380-394页

作者： Christian Orlik Daniel Deibel Johanna Küblbeck Emre Balta Sabina Ganskih Jüri Habicht Beate Niesler Jutta Schröder-Braunstein knut Schäkel Guido Wabnitz Yvonne Samstag Institute of Immunology Section Molecular ImmunologyHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 30569120 HeidelbergGermany Institute of Human Genetics Department of Human Molecular Geneticsand nCounter Core FacilityHeidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 36669120 HeidelbergGermany Department of Dermatology Heidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 44069120 HeidelbergGermany

the interplay between keratinocytes and immune cells,especially t cells,plays an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory skin *** psoriasis,keratinocytes attract t cells by releasing chemokines,while skin-infiltrating selfreactive t cells secrete proinflammatory cytokines,e.g.,IFN γand IL-17A,that cause epidermal ***,in chronic graftversus-host disease,allogenic IFN γ-producing th1/tc1 and IL-17-producing th17/tc17 cells are recruited by keratinocyte-derived chemokines and accumulate in the ***,whether keratinocytes act as nonprofessional antigen-presenting cells to directly activate naive human t cells in the epidermis remains ***,we demonstrate that under proinflammatory conditions,primary human keratinocytes indeed activate naive human t *** activation required cell contact and costimulatory signaling via CD58/CD2 and CD54/*** t cells costimulated by keratinocytes selectively differentiated into th1 and th17 *** particular,keratinocyte-initiated th1 differentiation was dependent on costimulation through CD58/*** latter molecule initiated StAt1 signaling and IFN γproduction in t *** of t cells by keratinocytes resulting in th1 and th17 differentiation represents a new explanation for the local enrichment of th1 and th17 cells in the skin of patients with a chronic inflammatory skin ***,local interference with t cell–keratinocyte interactions may represent a novel strategy for the treatment of th1 and th17 cell-driven skin diseases.

关键词： keratinocytes inflammatory skin diseases psoriasis human t cells costimulation CD2 LFA-1 nonprofessional antigenpresenting cells th1 cells th17 cells

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不畏新冠疫情,加快产业布局

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数控机床市场 2020年第2期 52-53页

作者： knut Zimmer 法因图尔

疫情之下,本在寒冬之内的汽车行业雪上加霜。在当前疫情蔓延势头被有效遏制,复工复产的大潮下,由疫情带来的负面影响陆续浮出水面。本来在年初刚刚经过盘整后的汽车行业产销计划被彻底打乱,全产业在严峻的形势下开始审视并积极调整战略... 详细信息

疫情之下,本在寒冬之内的汽车行业雪上加霜。在当前疫情蔓延势头被有效遏制,复工复产的大潮下,由疫情带来的负面影响陆续浮出水面。本来在年初刚刚经过盘整后的汽车行业产销计划被彻底打乱,全产业在严峻的形势下开始审视并积极调整战略。法因图尔多年来一直占据全球精冲技术的领导地位。

关键词：产业布局汽车行业负面影响疫情

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Electron microscopy methods for space-, energy-, and time-resolved plasmonics

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Frontiers of physics 2017年第1期12卷 23-49页

作者： Arthur Losquin tom t. A. Lummen Department of Physics Lund University P.O. Box 118 SE-22100 Lund Sweden Laboratory for Ultrafast Microscopy and Electron Scattering ICMP Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne Station 6 CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland

Nanoscale plasmonic systems combine the advantages of optical frequencies with those of small spatial scales, circumventing the limitations of conventional photonic systems by exploiting the strong field confinement of surface plasmons. As a result of this miniaturization to the nanoscale, electron microscopy techniques are the natural investigative methods of choice. recent years have seen the development of a number of electron microscopy techniques that combine the use of electrons and photons to enable unprecedented views of surface plasmons in terms of combined spatial, energy, and time resolution. this review aims to provide a comparative survey of these different approaches from an experimental viewpoint by outlining their respective experimental domains of suitability and highlighting their complementary strengths and limitations as applied to plasmonics in particular.

关键词： plasmonics electron microscopy Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) cathodoluminescence Photoemission Electron Microscopy (PEEM) Photo-Induced Near-field Electron Microscopy (PINEM) Electron Energy Gain Spectroscopy (EEGS)

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