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Single-cell transcriptomics reveals t-cell heterogeneity and immunomodulatory role of CD4+t native cells in Candida albicans infection

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BIOCELL 2024年第9期48卷 1355-1368页

作者： KERAN JIA YANHAO ZHANG MENGYU JIANG MENGGE CUI JIA wang JIAJIA ZHANG HUIHAI ZHAO MENGYAN LI HUA wang QUANMING ZOU HAO ZENG National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products Department of Microbiology and Biochemical PharmacyCollege of PharmacyArmy Medical UniversityChongqing400038China Department of Clinical Laboratory The 980th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force(Bethune International Peace Hospital)Shijiazhuang050082China

Objective:Candida albicans is a common fungal pathogen that triggers complex host defense mechanisms,including coordinated innate and adaptive immune responses,to neutralize invading fungi *** the immune microenvironment has the potential to inform the development of therapeutic strategies for fungal ***:the study analyzed individual immune cell profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from Candida albicans-infected mice and healthy control mice using single-cell transcriptomics,fluorescence quantitative PCR,and Western *** investigated intergroup differences in the dynamics of immune cell subpopulation infiltration,pathway enrichment,and differentiation during Candida albicans ***:Our findings indicate that infiltration of CD4^(+)naive cells,regulatory t(treg)cells,and Microtubules(Mt)-associated cells increased after infection,along with impaired t cell ***,CD4^(+)t cells and plasma cells were enhanced after infection,suggesting that antibody production is dependent on t *** addition,we screened 6 hub genes,transcription factor forkhead box protein 3(Foxp3),cytotoxic t-lymphocyte associated protein 4(CtLA4),Interleukin 2 Receptor Subunit Beta(Il2rb),Cd28,C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 5(Ccl5),and Cd27 for alterations associated with CD4^(+)t cell ***:these results provide a comprehensive immunological landscape of the mechanisms of Candida albicans infection and greatly advance our understanding of adaptive immunity in fungal infections.

关键词： Candida albicans Single-cell transcriptomics Immune microenvironment Fungal infections Hub gene

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Integrated multi-scale approach combining global homogenization and local refinement for multi-field analysis of high-temperature superconducting composite magnets

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第5期45卷 747-762页

作者： Hanxiao GUO Peifeng GAO Xingzhe wang Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Western Disaster and Environment of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design of Ministry of EducationCollege of Civil Engineering and MechanicsLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China

Second-generation high-temperature superconducting(HtS)conductors,specifically rare earth-barium-copper-oxide(REBCO)coated conductor(CC)tapes,are promising candidates for high-energy and high-field superconducting *** respect to epoxy-impregnated REBCO composite magnets that comprise multilayer components,the thermomechanical characteristics of each component differ considerably under extremely low temperatures and strong electromagnetic *** numerical models include homogenized orthotropic models,which simplify overall field calculation but miss detailed multi-physics aspects,and full refinement(FR)ones that are thorough but computationally ***,we propose an extended multi-scale approach for analyzing the multi-field characteristics of an epoxy-impregnated composite magnet assembled by HtS pancake *** approach combines a global homogenization(GH)scheme based on the homogenized electromagnetic t-A model,a method for solving Maxwell's equations for superconducting materials based on the current vector potential t and the magnetic field vector potential A,and a homogenized orthotropic thermoelastic model to assess the electromagnetic and thermoelastic properties at the macroscopic *** then identify“dangerous regions”at the macroscopic scale and obtain finer details using a local refinement(LR)scheme to capture the responses of each component material in the HtS composite tapes at the mesoscopic *** results of the present GH-LR multi-scale approach agree well with those of the FR scheme and the experimental data in the literature,indicating that the present approach is accurate and *** proposed GH-LR multi-scale approach can serve as a valuable tool for evaluating the risk of failure in large-scale HtS composite magnets.

关键词： epoxy-impregnated high-temperature superconducting(HtS)magnet multi-scale method global homogenization(GH) local refinement(LR) multi-field analysis

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Brain-inspired chaotic spiking backpropagation

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National Science Review 2024年第06期11卷 169-179页

作者： Zijian wang Peng tao Luonan Chen Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province School of Life ScienceHangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Systems Biology Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and technology Pazhou Laboratory(Huangpu)

Spiking neural networks(SNNs) have superior energy efficiency due to their spiking signal transmission,which mimics biological nervous systems, but they are difficult to train effectively. Although surrogate gradient-based methods offer a workable solution, trained SNNs frequently fall into local minima because they are still primarily based on gradient dynamics. Inspired by the chaotic dynamics in animal brain learning, we propose a chaotic spiking backpropagation(CSBP) method that introduces a loss function to generate brain-like chaotic dynamics and further takes advantage of the ergodic and pseudo-random nature to make SNN learning effective and robust. From a computational viewpoint, we found that CSBP significantly outperforms current state-of-the-art methods on both neuromorphic data sets(***-CIFAR10 and DVS-Gesture) and large-scale static data sets(e.g. CIFAR100 and Image Net) in terms of accuracy and robustness. From a theoretical viewpoint, we show that the learning process of CSBP is initially chaotic, then subject to various bifurcations and eventually converges to gradient dynamics,consistently with the observation of animal brain activity. Our work provides a superior core tool for direct SNN training and offers new insights into understanding the learning process of a biological brain.

关键词： spiking neural networks surrogate gradient local minima backpropagation brain-inspired learning chaos

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Untethered Micro/Nanorobots for Remote Sensing:toward Intelligent Platform

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第2期16卷 450-483页

作者： Qianqian wang Shihao Yang Li Zhang Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro‑Nano Biomedical Instruments School of Mechanical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing 211189People’s Republic of China Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering The Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong Kong 999077People’s Republic of China Chow Yuk Ho technology Centre for Innovative Medicine The Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong Kong 999077People’s Republic of China t Stone Robotics Institute The Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong Kong 999077People’s Republic of China Department of Surgery The Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong Kong 999077People’s Republic of China

Untethered micro/nanorobots that can wirelessly control their motion and deformation state have gained enormous interest in remote sensing applications due to their unique motion characteristics in various media and diverse *** are developing micro/nanorobots as innovative tools to improve sensing performance and miniaturize sensing systems,enabling in situ detection of substances that traditional sensing methods struggle to *** the past decade of development,significant research progress has been made in designing sensing strategies based on micro/nanorobots,employing various coordinated control and sensing *** review summarizes the latest developments on micro/nanorobots for remote sensing applications by utilizing the self-generated signals of the robots,robot behavior,microrobotic manipulation,and robot-environment *** recent studies and relevant applications in remote sensing,we also discuss the challenges and future perspectives facing micro/nanorobots-based intelligent sensing platforms to achieve sensing in complex environments,translating lab research achievements into widespread real applications.

关键词： Micro/nanorobot Remote sensing Wireless control Self-propulsion Actuation at small scales

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Enhancing osteogenic bioactivities of coaxial electrospinning nanoscaffolds through incorporating iron oxide nanoparticles and icaritin for bone regeneration

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Nano Research 2024年第7期17卷 6430-6442页

作者： Peng wang Qianjin wang Dengxian Wu Yunyang Zhang Shixiong Kang Xucai wang Jiayu Gu Hao Wu Zhihong Xu Qing Jiang School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 211166China State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive SurgeryNanjing Drum Tower HospitalThe Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing 210008China Center of Modem Analysis Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210008China State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and DevicesSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing 210009China Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources College of Chemical EngineeringNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China Jiangsu Institute of Metrology Nanjing 210023China

Bone tissue engineering provides a promising strategy for the treatment of bone ***,the clinical utilization of biomaterial-based scaffolds is constrained by their inadequate mechanical strength and absence of osteo-inductive ***,we proposed to endow nano-scaffold(NS)constructed by coaxial electrospinning technique with enhanced osteogenic bioactivities and mechanical properties by incorporating biocompatible magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles(IONPs)and icaritin(ICA).Four types of nano-scaffolds(NS,ICA@NS,NS-IONPs and ICA@NS-IONPs)were *** incorporation of ICA and IONPs minimally impact their surface morphological and chemical *** enhanced the mechanical properties of NS scaffolds,including hardness,tensile strength,and elastic *** vitro assessments demonstrated that ICA@NS-IONPs exhibited enhanced osteogenic bioactivities towards mouse calvarial pre-osteoblast cell line MC3t3-E1 as evidenced by detecting the alkaline phosphatase(ALP)activity level,expressions of osteogenesis-related genes and proteins as well as mineralized nodule *** investigations revealed that MEK/ERK(MAP kinase-ERK kinase(MEK)/extracellularsignal-regulated kinase(ERK))signaling pathway could offer a plausible explanation for the osteogenic differentiation of MC3t3-E1 cells induced by ICA@***,the implantation of nano-scaffolds in rat skull defects exhibited a substantial improvement in in vivo bone ***,IONPs and ICA incorporated coaxial electrospinning nano-scaffolds present a novel strategy for the optimization of scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.

关键词： iron oxide nanoparticles icaritin coaxial electrospinning nano-scaffolds MEK/ERK signaling pathway bone regeneration

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A Label-Free Deoxyribozyme Sensor for m^(6)A Demethylase Activity Detection

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2024年第9期42卷 951-956页

作者： Xiuyuan wang Shusheng Yu Yuqiu He Fuan wang Xiaoqing Liu College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei 430072China

A label-free deoxyribozyme(DNAzyme)biosensor for m^(6) demethylase activity detection is *** demethylase FtO(Fat mass and obesity-associated protein),an important m^(6) demethylase of ALKBH demethylase family is present,the m^(6) group is specifically demethylated,and the cleavage activity of DNAzyme is *** allows the cleavage product that contains G-quadruplex sequence to bind to thioflavin t(tht)and generate fluorescence *** biosensor shows high specificity and sensitivity,and fast reaction *** study demonstrates a new design of allosteric DNAzyme for *** method represents the first label-free nucleic acid biosensor for FtO assay,providing a feasible route towards inhibitors screening.

关键词： DNAzyme Analytical methods Biosensing m^(6)A demethylation Fluorescence

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A topic-controllable keywords-to-text generator with knowledge base network

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CAAI transactions on Intelligence technology 2024年第3期9卷 585-594页

作者： Li He Kaize Shi Dingxian wang Xianzhi wang Guandong Xu University of technology Sydney BroadwaySydneyAustralia *** SeattleWashingtonUSA

With the introduction of more recent deep learning models such as encoder-decoder,text generation frameworks have gained a lot of *** Natural Language Generation(NLG),controlling the information and style of the output produced is a crucial and challenging *** purpose of this paper is to develop informative and controllable text using social media language by incorporating topic knowledge into a keyword-to-text framework.A novel topic-Controllable Key-to-text(tC-K2t)generator that focuses on the issues of ignoring unordered keywords and utilising subject-controlled information from previous research is ***-K2t is built on the framework of conditional language *** order to guide the model to produce an informative and controllable language,the generator first inputs unordered keywords and uses subjects to simulate prior human *** an additional probability term,the model in-creases the likelihood of topic words appearing in the generated text to bias the overall *** proposed tC-K2t can produce more informative and controllable senescence,outperforming state-of-the-art models,according to empirical research on automatic evaluation metrics and human annotations.

关键词： artificial intelligence techniques artificial neural networks deep learning

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Defect spinel oxides for electrocatalytic reduction reactions

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Nano Research 2024年第5期17卷 3547-3570页

作者： Zhijuan Liu Jinyu Guo Lu-yu Liu Fen wang Zhijie Kong Yanyong wang Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster MaterialsKey Laboratory of Special Environmental Functional Materials(Zhengzhou University)Ministry of EducationGreen Catalysis Centerand College of ChemistryZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China State Key Laboratory of Chem/Bio-sensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan UniversityChangsha 410082China

Electrocatalytic reduction reactions play a crucial role in electrochemical energy conversion and storage technology,which are emerging technologies to ameliorate environmental *** oxides are widely explored in electrocatalytic oxidation reactions but have a poor intrinsic ability to reduction reactions,making their electrocatalytic ability less *** improve this,defect engineering is a valuable method for regulating the electronic structure and coordination ***,this manuscript discusses the use of defect spinel oxides in electrocatalytic reduction reactions,including the different types of defects,construction methods,and characterization *** also outlines the various applications of defect spinel oxides in different electrocatalytic reduction ***,it goes over the challenges and future outlooks for defect *** review aims to thoroughly explain how defect spinels work in electrocatalytic reduction reactions and serve as a helpful guide for creating effective electrocatalysts.

关键词： defect spinel oxides electrochemical reduction reactions electrocatalytic mechanism dynamic evolution

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Effect of mechanical stresses on degradation behavior of high-purity magnesium in bone environments

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Journal of Materials Science & technology 2024年第4期171卷 252-261页

作者： Yan Yao Jie Xia Lizhen wang Yuanming Gao Xili Ding Chao wang Yubo Fan Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology(Beihang University) Ministry of EducationBeijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical EngineeringSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSchool of Engineering MedicineBeihang UniversityBeijing 100083China

High-purity(HP)magnesium(Mg)has emerged as a promising biomaterial for supporting functional bone *** previous study found that mechanical stresses and the surrounding fibrotic tissue(subcuta-neous)both play crucial roles in the degradation of HP ***,due to challenges in the degradation and regeneration process in vivo,it remains unclear how stress affects HP Mg degradation in bone en-vironments,limiting its further *** this study,novel loading devices were designed and the effects of tensile and compressive stresses on HP Mg degradation in vivo and in vitro bone environments were quantitatively *** addition,bone osteointegration around HP Mg was explored *** stress increases the degradation rate of HP Mg in vivo and in *** Mg degradation in vivo is more sensitive to stress factors than in vitro,but the sensitivity decreases with corrosion *** volume loss rate of HP Mg is multilinear with the applied stress and degradation *** volume of bone tissue surrounding HP Mg is larger in the no-stress group compared to the stressed groups,which is more pronounced with increasing implantation *** results provide valuable insights for optimiz-ing the design of HP Mg-based implants considering load *** will help to achieve a balance between the degradation rate of the implant and the regeneration rate of the surrounding bone.

关键词： High-purity magnesium Quantitative stresses Degradation Bone environments In vivo and in vitro

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VSAN:A new visualization method for super-large-scale academic networks

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2024年第1期18卷 119-137页

作者： Qi LI Xingli wang Luoyi FU Xinde CAO Xinbing wang Jing ZHANG Chenghu ZHOU Department of Electronic Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China School of Oceanography Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

As a carrier of knowledge,papers have been a popular choice since ancient times for documenting everything from major historical events to breakthroughs in science and *** the booming development of science and technology,the number of papers has been growing *** like the fact that Internet of things(Iot)allows the world to be connected in a flatter way,how will the network formed by massive academic papers look like?Most existing visualization methods can only handle up to hundreds of thousands of node size,which is much smaller than that of academic networks which are usually composed of millions or even more *** this paper,we are thus motivated to break this scale limit and design a new visualization method particularly for super-large-scale academic networks(VSAN).Nodes can represent papers or authors while the edges means the relation(e.g.,citation,coauthorship)between *** order to comprehensively improve the visualization effect,three levels of optimization are taken into account in the whole design of VSAN in a progressive manner,i.e.,bearing scale,loading speed,and effect of layout *** main contributions are two folded:(1)We design an equivalent segmentation layout method that goes beyond the limit encountered by state-of-the-arts,thus ensuring the possibility of visually revealing the correlations of larger-scale academic entities.(2)We further propose a hierarchical slice loading approach that enables users to observe the visualized graphs of the academic network at both macroscopic and microscopic levels,with the ability to quickly zoom between different *** addition,we propose a“jumping between nebula graphs”method that connects the static pages of many academic graphs and helps users to form a more systematic and comprehensive understanding of various academic *** our methods to three academic paper citation datasets in the AceMap database confirms the visualization scalability of VSAN in t

关键词： academic networks large graph visualization graph layout graph loading

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