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Skyhook-based Semi-active Control of Full-vehicle Suspension with Magneto-rheological Dampers

Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2013年第3期26卷 498-505页

作者： ZHANG Hailong WANG Enrong MIN Fuhong subash rakheja SU Chunyi School of Electric and Automation Engineering Nanjing Normal University Department of Mechanical Engineering Concordia University

The control study of vehicle semi-active suspension with magneto-rheological (MR) dampers has been attracted much attention internationally. However, a simple, real time and easy implementing semi-active controller has not been proposed for the MR full-vehicle suspension system, and a systematic analysis method has not been established for evaluating the multi-objective suspension performances of MR full-vehicle vertical, pitch and roll motions. For this purpose, according to the 7-degree of freedom (DOF) fullvehicle dynamic system, a generalized 7-DOF MR and passive full-vehicle dynamic model is set up by employing the modified Boucwen hysteretic force-velocity (F-v) model of the MR damper. A semi-active controller is synthesized to realize independent control of the four MR quarter-vehicle sub-suspension systems in the full-vehicle, which is on the basis of the proposed modified skyhook damping scheme of MR quarter-vehicle sub-suspension system. The proposed controller can greatly simplify the controller design complexity of MR full-vehicle suspension and has merits of easy implementation in real application, wherein only absolute velocities of sprung and unsprung masses with reference to the road surface are required to measure in real time when the vehicle is moving. Furthermore, a systematic analysis method is established for evaluating the vertical, pitch and roll motion properties of both MR and passive full-vehicle suspensions in a more realistic road excitation manner, in which the harmonic, rounded pulse and real road measured random signals with delay time are employed as different road excitations inserted on the front and rear two wheels, by considering the distance between front and rear wheels in full-vehicle. The above excitations with different amplitudes are further employed as the road excitations inserted on left and right two wheels for evaluating the roll motion property. The multi-objective suspension performances of ride comfort and handling

关键词： magneto-rheological damper skyhook policy semi-active control multi-objective performances full-vehicle suspension

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Semi-active Sliding Mode Control of Vehicle Suspension with Magneto-rheological Damper

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2015年第1期28卷 63-75页

作者： ZHANG Hailong WANG Enrong ZHANG Ning MIN Fuhong subash rakheja SU Chunyi School of Physics and Technology Nanjing Normal University School of Electric and Automation Engineering Nanjing Normal University Department of Mechanical Engineering Concordia University

The vehicle semi-active suspension with magneto-theological damper（MRD） has been a hot topic since this decade, in which the robust control synthesis considering load variation is a challenging task. In this paper, a new semi-active controller based upon the inverse model and sliding mode control （SMC） strategies is proposed for the quarter-vehicle suspension with the magneto-rheological （MR） damper, wherein an ideal skyhook suspension is employed as the control reference model and the vehicle sprung mass is considered as an uncertain parameter. According to the asymptotical stability of SMC, the dynamic errors between the plant and reference systems are used to derive the control damping force acquired by the MR quarter-vehicle suspension system. The proposed modified Bouc-wen hysteretic force-velocity （F-v） model and its inverse model of MR damper, as well as the proposed continuous modulation （CM） filtering algorithm without phase shift are employed to convert the control damping force into the direct drive current of the MR damper. Moreover, the proposed semi-active sliding mode controller （SSMC）-based MR quarter-vehicle suspension is systematically evaluated through comparing the time and frequency domain responses of the sprung and unsprung mass displacement accelerations, suspension travel and the tire dynamic force with those of the passive quarter-vehicle suspension, under three kinds of varied amplitude harmonic, rounded pulse and real-road measured random excitations. The evaluation results illustrate that the proposed SSMC can greatly suppress the vehicle suspension vibration due to uncertainty of the load, and thus improve the ride comfort and handling safety. The study establishes a solid theoretical foundation as the universal control scheme for the adaptive semi-active control of the MR full-vehicle suspension decoupled into four MR quarter-vehicle sub-suspension systems.

关键词： magneto-rheological damper vehicle suspension multi-objective performance semi-active sliding mode control filtering

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Correlation of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio to severity of coronary artery disease and in-hospital clinical outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome: A prospective observational study

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Journal of Acute Disease 2024年第1期13卷 14-19页

作者： Vinodhkumar Kandibendla GThiruvikrama Prakash subash Chandra Bose Prafull Dhewle Department of Cardiology Prakriya HospitalsNagasandraBangloreIndia Department of Cardiology E.S.HospitalVillupuramTamil NaduIndia Department of Cardiology Government Medical CollegeAnanthapuramuAndhra PradeshIndia Department of Cardiology Shrikrishna Hrudayalaya HospitalNagpurMaharashtraIndia

Objective:To explore correlation of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR)to severity of coronary artery disease(CAD)and in-hospital clinical outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS).Methods:In this prospective and observational study,we recruited 500 patients with *** all the eligible patients,demographic details were collected,and laboratory parameters were *** CAD severity was evaluated in terms of the number of involved *** NLR was calculated based on neutrophils and lymphocytes and the correlation of various risk factors and severity and outcome of CAD was ***:77.2%of Patients was male,and 52%of the patients aged between 55-70 *** on the type of ACS,396 out of 500 patients had ST-elevation myocardial *** ascending trend in the white blood cell levels and NLR value was noted as the severity of the ACS increased and the highest white blood cell levels and NLR was noted among classⅣ*** mean NLR value among the non-survivors were higher compared to the survivors(9.52±5.72 vs.4.76±2.36;P<0.01).Receiver operating curve showed that the cut-off NLR value was 5.76 with a sensitivity of 75.0%and a specificity of 77.3%.Conclusions:The NLR can be used as an independent prognostic marker in *** elevated NLR value serves as a reliable predictor for short-term complications,notably in-hospital mortality.

关键词： Acute coronary syndrome Coronary artery disease Coronary vessels Hospital mortality Lymphocytes Neutrophils Prognosis Risk factors

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A Review on the Advancement of Renewable Natural Fiber Hybrid Composites: Prospects, Challenges, and Industrial Applications

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2024年第7期12卷 1237-1290页

作者： Mohammed Mohammed Jawad K.Oleiwi Aeshah M.Mohammed Anwar Ja’afar Mohamad Jawad Azlin F.Osman Tijjani Adam Bashir O.Betar subash C.B.Gopinath Center of Excellence Geopolymer&Green Technology(CEGeoGTech) Universiti Malaysia PerlisArau02600Malaysia Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Perlis(UniMAP)Arau02600Malaysia Department of Materials Engineering University of TechnologyBaghdad10070Iraq Department of Chemical Materials University of Bagdad College of Education for Pure Science Ibn-AlhaithamBaghdad10001Iraq Department of Computer Techniques Engineering Al-Rafidain University CollegeBaghdad10001Iraq Faculty of Electronics Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia PerlisKampus Uniciti Alam Sg.ChuchuhPerlis02100Malaysia Research Center(NANOCAT) University of MalayaKuala Lumpur50603Malaysia Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering Universiti Malaysia PerlisPerlis01000Malaysia Center for Global Health Research Saveetha Medical College&HospitalSaveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences(SIMATS)Tamil Nadu602105India

Naturalﬁbre(NFR)reinforced functional polymer composites are quickly becoming an indispensable sustainable material in the transportation industry because of their lightweight,lower cost in manufacture,and adaptability to a wide variety of ***,the major difﬁculties of using theseﬁbres are their existing poor dimensional stability and the extreme *** assessing the mechanical properties(MP)of composites,the interfacial bonding(IB)happening between the NFR and the polymer matrix(PM)plays an incredibly signiﬁcant *** compared to NFR/syntheticﬁbre hybrid composites,hybrid composites(HC)made up of two separate NFR are less prevalent;yet,these hybrid composites also have the potential to be valuable materials in terms of environmental issues.A new dimension to theﬂexibility of composites reinforced with NFR is added by the cost-effective manufacture of hybrid composites utilising *** purpose of this study is to offer an over-view of the keyﬁndings that were presented on hybrid *** emphasis was focused on the factors that inﬂuence the performance of the naturalﬁber composites,diverse approaches to enhancing MP,physical,electri-cal,and thermal characteristics of the *** study in polymer science gains interest for applications in con-struction and automotive industries.

关键词： Renewable naturalﬁber hybrid composites sustainability nanomaterial greener material

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Slope stability assessment of an open pit using lattice-spring-based synthetic rock mass (LS-SRM) modeling approach

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2020年第5期12卷 927-942页

作者： subash Bastola Ming Cai Branko Damjanac MIRARCO Laurentian UniversitySudburyCanada Bharti School of Engineering Laurentian UniversitySudburyCanada Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Safe Mining of Deep Metal Mines Northeastern UniversityShenyangChina Itasca Consulting Group Inc.MinneapolisMNUSA

Discontinuity waviness is one of the most important properties that influence shear strength of jointed rock masses,and it should be incorporated into numerical models for slope stability ***,in most existing numerical modeling tools,discontinuities are often simplified into planar *** fracture network modeling tools such as MoFrac allow the simulation of non-planar discontinuities which can be incorporated into lattice-spring-based geomechanical software such as Slope Model for slope stability *** this study,the slope failure of the south wall at Cadia Hill open pit mine is simulated using the lattice-spring-based synthetic rock mass(LS-SRM)modeling ***,the slope model is calibrated using field displacement monitoring data,and then the influence of different discontinuity configurations on the stability of the slope is *** modeling results show that the slope with non-planar discontinuities is comparatively more stable than the ones with planar *** addition,the slope becomes increasingly unstable with the increases of discontinuity intensity and *** greater pit depth with higher in situ stress,both the slope models with planar and non-planar discontinuities experience localized failures due to very high stress concentrations,and the slope model with planar discontinuities is more deformable and less stable than that with non-planar discontinuities.

关键词： Lattice-spring-based synthetic rock mass (LS-SRM)modeling Non-planar discontinuities Slope stability Slope model Discrete fracture network(DFN)modeling

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Geospatial analysis of forest fragmentation in Uttara Kannada District, India

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Forest Ecosystems 2016年第3期3卷 206-220页

作者： Ramachandra T V Bharath Setturu subash Chandran Energy & Wetlands Research Group Center for Ecological Sciences（CES） Indian Institute of Science Centre for Sustainable Technologies (astra) Bangalore Karnataka 560 012 India Centre for infrastructure Sustainable Transportation and Urban Planning（CiSTUP） Indian Institute of Science Bangalore Karnataka 560 012 India

Background： Landscapes consist of heterogeneous interacting dynamic elements with complex ecological, economic and cultural attributes. These complex interactions help in the sustenance of natural resources through bio-geochemical and hydrological cycling. The ecosystem functions are altered with changes in the landscape structure, Fragmentation of large contiguous forests to small and isolated forest patches either by natural phenomena or anthropogenic activities leads to drastic changes in forest patch sizes, shape, connectivity and internal heterogeneity, which restrict the movement leading to inbreeding among Meta populations with extirpation of species. Methods： Landscape dynamics are assessed through land use analysis by way of remote sensing data acquired at different time periods. Forest fragmentation is assessed at the pixel level through computation of two indicators, i.e., Pf （the ratio of pixels that are forested to the total non-water pixels in the window） and P~ （the proportion of all adjacent （cardinal directions only） pixel pairs that include at least one forest pixel, for which both pixels are forested）. Results： Uttara Kannada District has the distinction of having the highest forest cover in Karnataka State, India. This region has been experiencing changes in its forest cover and consequent alterations in functional abilities of its ecosystem. Temporal land use analyses show the trend of deforestation, evident from the reduction of evergreen - semi evergreen forest cover from 57.31% （1979） to 32.08 % （2013） Forest fragmentation at the landscape level shows a decline of interior forests 64.42 % （1979） to 25.62 % （20] 3） and transition of non-forest categories such as crop land, plantations and built-up areas, amounting now to 47.29 %. PCA prioritized geophysical and socio variables responsible for changes in the landscape structure at local levels. Conclusion： Terrestrial forest ecosystems in Uttara Kannada District of Central Western Ghats have be

关键词： Land use dynamics Forest fraqmentation Interior forests Biodiversity Geophysical variables

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Enhancement of current density using effective membranes electrode assemblies for water electrolyser system

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2016年第1期25卷 77-84页

作者： Swaminathan Seetharaman subash Chandrabose Raghu Kambiz Ansari Mahabadi Institute of Materials Research & Engineering A*STAR (Agency for Science Technology and Research) 3 Research Link Singapore 117 602 Singapore School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Nanyang Technological University Block N1 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639 798 Singapore

The goal of this study was to develop and design a composite proton exchange membrane（PEM） and membrane electrode assembly（MEA） that are suitable for the PEM based water electrolysis system. In particular,it focuses on the development of sulphonated polyether ether ketone（SPEEK） based membranes and caesium salt of silico-tungstic acid（Cs Si WA） matrix compared with one of the transition metal oxides such as titanium dioxide（TiO2）, silicon dioxide（SiO2） and zirconium dioxide（ZrO2）. The resultant membranes have been characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, ion exchange capacity（IEC）, water uptake and atomic force microscopy. Comparative studies on the performance of MEAs were also conducted utilizing impregnation-reduction and conventional brush coating methods. The PEM electrolysis performance of SPEEK-Cs Si WA-ZrO2 composite membrane was more superior than that of other membranes involved in this study. Electrochemical characterization shows that a maximum current density of 1.4 A/cm^2 was achieved at 60 °C, explained by an increased concentration of protonic sites available at the interface.

关键词： Composite membrane Membrane electrode assembly Impregnation reduction method Brush coating method Electrolysis

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Indium antimonide based HEMT for RF applications

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Journal of Semiconductors 2014年第11期35卷 20-22页

作者： T.D.subash T.Gnanasekaran K.N.S.K College of Engineering Nagercoil-629901India RMK College of Engineering and Technology Tamil Nadu601206India

We report on an indium antimonide high electron mobility transistor with record cut-off frequency characteristics. For high frequency response it is important to minimize parasitic resistance and capacitance to improve short-channel effects. For analog applications adequate pinch-off behavior is demonstrated. For proper device scaling we need high electron mobility and high electron density. Toward this end, the device design features and simulation are carried out by the Synopsys TCAD tool. A 30 nm InSb HEMT exhibits an excellent cut-off frequency of 586 GHz. To the knowledge of the authors, the obtained cut-off frequency is the highest ever reported in any FET on any material system.

关键词： HEMT InSb gate length cut-off frequency short-channel effects

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Influence of local stiffeners and cutout shapes on the vibration and stability characteristics of quasi-isotropic laminates under hygro-thermo-mechanical loadings

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2022年第12期18卷 2107-2124页

作者： T.Rajanna K.S.subash Chandra K.Venkata Rao Department of Civil Engineering B.M.S College of EngineeringBengaluru560019India Research Scholar B.M.S College of EngineeringBengaluru560019India Department of Mechanical Engineering B.M.S Evening College of EngineeringBengaluru560019India Department of Mechanical Engineering Government PolytechnicBagepalli561207India

The perforated stiffened panel is generally found as a sub-component of sophisticated *** fundamental purpose of this panel is to withstand against buckling under complicated loading and environmental ***,an accurate knowledge of critical buckling behaviour of stiffened panels is very much essential for a reliable and lightweight structural *** this paper,the focus is on quasi-laminated panels with different cutout shapes of various sizes and their responses to hygrothermal environments under nonlinearly varying edge loads and is compared with the locally stiffened *** this,the modelling of the panel and stiffener is done by adopting nine-noded heterosis plate elements and three noded beam elements *** stiffener formulation is suitably modified in order to take the torsional effect also into consideration along with the effect of shear ***,the plate and the stiffener elements are treated separately,and then the displacement compatibility is maintained between them by using the transformation *** a given loading and geometric discontinuity,the stress distribution within the perforated panel is highly non-uniform in nature and hence a dynamic approach has been used to calculate buckling loads by adopting two sets of boundary conditions,one set for pre-buckling stress analysis and the second set for buckling *** different quasi-isotropic stacking sequences are deliberated in this work by varying different ply-orientation in each *** study also addresses the effect of various parameters such as nonlinear loads,hygro-thermal loads,cutout size and shapes,position of cutout,stiffener parameters,stacking sequences,thickness of plate and boundary conditions.

关键词： Locally stiffened panels Buckling Vibration Cutouts Heterosis Hygrothermal environment

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Pointing fingers at blood contact:mechanisms of subventricular zone neural stem cell differentiation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第1期18卷 137-138页

作者： subash C.Malik Yu-Hsuan Chu Christian Schachtrup Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany Faculty of Biology University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany Center for Basics in NeuroModulation(NeuroModulBasics) Faculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany

The limited ability of the central nervous system(CNS)to regenerate in adult mammals after injury or disease is a significant ***,neural stem/progenitor cells(NSPCs)offer great promise for regenerating the *** or transplanted NSPCs contribute to repair processes,but their differentiation and function are abnormal in CNS injury and *** main reasons for these abnormalities are changes in the extracellular environment in the injured CNS that affect signaling pathways and transcriptional regulation in NSPCs.

关键词： ventricular neural injury

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