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Productivity constraints on Citron-crested Cockatoos in a rich community of large hole-nesting birds

Avian Research 2022年第1期13卷 25-35页

作者： Anna Reuleaux Benny A.Siregar Nigel j.Collar Ani Mardiastuti stuart j.marsden Department of Natural Sciences Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUK Burung Indonesia BogorIndonesia BirdLife International CambridgeUK Bogor Agricultural University(IPB University) BogorIndonesia

Knowledge of breeding success and its limiting factors is crucial in assessing species’conservation *** cavity-nesters,parrots are particularly influenced by the availability of suitable cavities and low breeding output,whether due to natural processes or *** the island of Sumba,Indonesia,the Critically Endangered Citron-crested Cockatoo(Cacatua citrinocristata)has the added problem of co-existing with an unusually rich hole-nesting bird community in a forested environment much constrained by habitat *** monitored 95 nesting cavities of cockatoos and their competitors and potential nest-predators,over one to four breeding seasons,using a combination of camera-traps,direct checks on nest contents,and observations from the *** for suitable cavities was intense among three large parrot species,two owls and a *** rates by potential competitors were higher at unoccupied cavities than at those containing active nests,reflecting the guarding behaviour of the *** Endangered Sumba Hornbill(Rhyticeros everetti)dominated observed direct confrontations and was the most frequent visitor to active parrot nests,suggesting a further role as a potential *** prospected many cavities but rarely then attempted to nest:instead the sites were usually occupied by other cavity-nesters,or by *** the few cavities where cockatoos did breed,predation pressure was likely low,and observed success rate high(10 successful of 15 nests),although the low number of nests found early in the breeding cycle suggests that some may have failed before *** competition for cavities suggests a shortage of suitable nest-sites,the need for preservation of old hole-bearing trees and a role for ***,known,safe artificial nest-sites would also provide opportunities to assess the scale of nest-site shortage,allow camera placements to study productivity,exclude some competitors and predators,and prevent ill

关键词： Camera-traps Competition Conservation Hornbills Parrots Predation

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Evaluation of cone fishways to facilitate passage of small-bodied fish

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2021年第2期6卷 125-134页

作者： Ivor G.stuart Timothy j.marsden Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Department of EnvironmentLandWater and Planning123 Brown StreetHeidelbergVictoria 3084Australia Australasian Fish Passage Services 6 Spinifex StreetFern BayNew South Wales 2295Australia

Fishways are being provided more regularly than ever before and new designs are needed to provide passage for whole fish *** recent progress,fishways have frequently performed poorly,especially for small-bodied fish(i.e.10-100 mm long),which can form large aggregations below stream *** was the genesis for the development of the cone fishway design,a new style of technical fishway which consists of a series of pre-fabricated cone-shaped concrete baffles installed laterally within a concrete *** cone design arose from the need to install rock ramp fishways at remote sites where rock was unavailable and where maintenance would be *** objective of the present study was to evaluate the suitability of the new cone fishway design to provide passage for small-bodied diadromous species(i.e.jor ecological *** fishways provide a useful and novel option to improve passage of small-bodied fish,at appropriate sites,and contribute to a contemporary vision of restoration of whole fish communities.

关键词： fishway fish migration fish communities Australia tidal barrier Fitzroy River Norman River Maribyrnong River

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Neurodevelopmental defects as a primer of neurodegeneration:lessons from spinal muscular atrophy and Huntington's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第9期18卷 1952-1953页

作者： stuart j.Grice ji-Long Liu Medical Research Council Functional Genomics Unit Department of PhysiologyAnatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK School of Life Science and Technology ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina

Developmental motifs in neurodegeneration:Neurodegeneration,the prominent feature of neurodegenerative disease,is characterized by the progressive and selective loss of neuronal *** some of the pathologies caused by neurodegeneration may be irreversible,early intervention will be required for the treatments that aim to slow or halt the manifestation of these ***,neurodegeneration evokes the idea of a progressive decline of brain function.

关键词： neurodegeneration Huntington function

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伦敦地铁中央线新客车

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国外铁道车辆 1993年第4期30卷 22-24页

作者： Colin j.marsden 李亚斌

伦敦地铁于1988年向英国铁路工程公司订购了680辆地铁车辆。这批车将编成85列八节车编组的动车组,总投资额达3.5亿英镑。这批动车组是九年来伦敦地铁引进的首批新型地铁列车。利用德比利切奇·莱恩工厂铝合金车体制造设备生产的这批新车... 详细信息

伦敦地铁于1988年向英国铁路工程公司订购了680辆地铁车辆。这批车将编成85列八节车编组的动车组,总投资额达3.5亿英镑。这批动车组是九年来伦敦地铁引进的首批新型地铁列车。利用德比利切奇·莱恩工厂铝合金车体制造设备生产的这批新车,体现了最新式的车辆设计。新的八节车编组地铁列车约比现有列车长5 m,每列车可载客1300人左右。同中央线现有的1960年造车辆相比,一个最重大的改进是采用了开度较大且可由旅客操纵的外装式拉门,既改善了旅客上下车流动,又能减少旅客在站台上的停留时间。

关键词：地下铁道客车

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Sizing up feature descriptors for macromolecular machine learning with polymeric biomaterials

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 1287-1296页

作者： Samantha stuart jeffrey Watchorn Frank X.Gu Institute of Biomedical Engineering University of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry University of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada

It has proved challenging to represent the behavior of polymeric macromolecules as machine learning features for biomaterial interaction *** are several approaches to this representation,yet no consensus for a universal representational framework,in part due to the sensitivity of biomacromolecular interactions to polymer *** help navigate the process of feature engineering,we provide an overview of popular classes of data representations for polymeric biomaterial machine learning while discussing their merits and ***,increasing the accessibility of polymeric biomaterial feature engineering knowledge will contribute to the goal of accelerating clinical translation from biomaterials discovery.

关键词： properties prediction biomaterials

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Land use and dingo baiting are correlated with the density of kangaroos in rangeland systems

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Integrative Zoology 2023年第2期18卷 299-315页

作者： stuart j.DAWSON Tracey L.KREPLINS Malcolm S.KENNEDY juanita RENWICK Mark A.COWAN Patricia A.FLEMING Terrestrial Ecosystem Science and Sustainability Harry Butler InstituteMurdoch UniversityMurdochAustralia Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development(present address) South PerthAustralia Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development NorthamAustralia Queensland Department of Environment and Science Australia Queensland Department of Environment and Science MoggillAustralia Department of Biodiversity Conservation and AttractionsWoodvaleAustralia

Rangelands worldwide have been subject to broadscale modiﬁcation,such as widespread predator control,intro-duction of permanent livestock water and altered vegetation to improve *** Australia,these landscape changes have resulted in kangaroos(*** macropods)populations increasing over the past 200 ***-garoos are a key contributor to total grazing pressure and in conjunction with livestock and feral herbivores have been linked to land *** used 22 years of aerial survey data to investigate whether the density of 3 macropod species in the southern rangelands of Western Australia was associated with:(i)land use,including type of livestock,total livestock,density of feral goats,type of land tenure,and kangaroo commercial harvest effort;(ii)predator management,including permitted dingo control effort,estimated dingo abundance,and presence of the State Barrier Fence(a dingo exclusion fence);and(iii)environmental variables:ruggedness,rainfall,fractional cover,and total standing dry *** kangaroos(Osphranter rufus)were most abundant inﬂat,open vegetation,on pastoral land,where area permitted for dingo control was high,and numbers were positively associated with antecedent rainfall with a 12-month *** grey kangaroos(Macropus fuliginosus)were most abundant onﬂat,agricultural land,but less abundant in areas with high permitted dingo ***(Osphranter robustus)were most abundant in rugged pastoral land with open vegetation,where permitted dingo control was *** environmental variables are key drivers of landscape productivity and kangaroo populations,anthropogenic factors such as land use and permitted dingo control are strongly associated with kangaroo abundance.

关键词： herbivores livestock macropods overgrazing rangelands total grazing pressure

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The microstructure characteristics and fracture behavior of the polyhedral primary iron-rich phase and plate-shaped eutectic iron-rich phase in a high-pressure die-cast AlSi10MnMg alloy

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journal of Materials Science & Technology 2023年第9期140卷 201-209页

作者： X.Y.jiao Y.X.Liu j.Wang W.N.Liu A.X.Wan stuart Wiesner S.M.Xiong School of Materials Science and Engineering Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China School of Materials Science and Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Key Laboratory of Lightweight Structural Materials Liaoning ProvinceNortheastern UniversityShenyang 110819China Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility Shanghai Advanced Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201204China Ein Unternehmen der ALUMINIUM RHEINFELDEN Group RHEINFELDEN 79618Germany

The characterization of multiple iron-rich phases in high-pressure die-cast AlSi10MnMg alloy was *** was focused on the formation and fracture behavior of the primary iron-rich phase((P-IMC)_(I))formed in the shot sleeve and plate-shaped eutectic iron-rich phase in high-pressure die cast(HPDC)AlSi10MnMg *** show that multiple types of iron-rich phases with various morphologies,in-cluding primary iron-rich phases(polyhedral(P-IMC)_(I) and(P-IMC)_(II))and eutectic iron-rich phases(plate-shaped,net shape,and fish-bone shape),were found in HPDC ***(P-IMC)_(I) formed in the shot sleeve were distributed in the interface between primaryα-Al and binary Al-Si *** size(P-IMC)_(II) and various eutectic iron-rich phases formed in the die cavity and they were distributed in Al-Si binary *** primary iron-rich phases belonged to a simple cubic crystal structure with a lattice constant a=1.265 nm and they exhibited a lateral growth characteristic with a termination of{110}surface.βphase was surrounded byδphase and they coexisted in a plate-shaped iron-rich ***-density stacking fault inβphase andδ/βinterface provided an excellent nucleation site forδ*** mechanical behavior,the stress concentration caused by eutectic iron-rich phases was far less than(P-IMC)_(I) and it would not cause crack initiation along the eutectic cluster *** addition,(P-IMC)_(I) showed the worst deformation coordination with primaryα-Al while the plate-shaped eutectic iron-rich phase exhibited similar deformation characteristics with silicon particles.

关键词： AlSi10MnMg High-pressure die casting Multiple iron-rich phases

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High-performance polymer electrolyte membranes incorporated with 2D silica nanosheets in high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells

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journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第1期31卷 323-334,I0009页

作者： Zunmin Guo jianuo Chen jae jong Byun Rongsheng Cai Maria Perez-Page Madhumita Sahoo Zhaoqi ji Sarah j.Haigh stuart M.Holmes Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science The University of ManchesterM139PLUnited Kingdom Department of Materials The University of ManchesterM139PLUnited Kingdom

Silica nanosheets(SN)derived from natural vermiculite(Verm)were successfully incorporated into polyethersulfone-polyvinylpyrrolidone(PES-PVP)polymer to fabricate high-temperature proton exchange membranes(HT-PEMs).The content of SN filler was varied(0.1-0.75 wt%)to study its influence on proton conductivity,power density and *** from the hydroxyl groups of SN that enable the formation of additional proton-transferring pathways,the inorganic-organic membrane displayed enhanced proton conductivity of 48.2 mS/cm and power density of 495 mW/cm^(2) at 150℃ without humidification when the content of SN is 0.25 wt%.Furthermore,exfoliated SN(E-SN)and sulfonated SN(S-SN),which were fabricated by a liquid-phase exfoliation method and silane condensation,respectively,were embedded in PES-PVP polymer matrix by a simple blending *** to the significant contribution from sulfonic groups in S-SN,the membrane with 0.25 wt%S-SN reached the highest proton conductivity of51.5 mS/cm and peak power density of 546 mW/cm^(2) at150℃,48%higher than the pristine PES-PVP *** to unaltered PES-PVP membrane,SN added hybrid composite membrane demonstrated excellent durability for the fuel cell at 150℃.Using a facile method to prepare 2D SN from natural clay minerals,the strategy of exfoliation and functionalization of SN can be potentially used in the production of HT-PEMs.

关键词： Silica nanosheets Vermiculite High-temperature proton exchange membrane Proton conductivity

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Relationships between regulated DBPs and emerging DBPs of health concern in U.S. drinking water

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journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第7期34卷 161-172页

作者： stuart W.Krasner Ai jia Chih-Fen T.Lee Raha Shirkhani joshua M.Allen Susan D.Richardson Michael j.Plewa Metropolitan Water District of Southern California Water Quality LaboratoryCA 91750USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South CarolinaSC 29208USA Department of Crop Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignIL 61801USA Safe Global Water Institute University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignIL 61801USA

A survey was conducted at eight U.S. drinking water plants, that spanned a wide range of water qualities and treatment/disinfection practices. Plants that treated heavily-wastewaterimpacted source waters had lower trihalomethane to dihaloacetonitrile ratios due to the presence of more organic nitrogen and HAN precursors. As the bromide to total organic carbon ratio increased, there was more bromine incorporation into DBPs. This has been shown in other studies for THMs and selected emerging DBPs(HANs), whereas this study examined bromine incorporation for a wider group of emerging DBPs(haloacetaldehydes, halonitromethanes). Moreover, bromine incorporation into the emerging DBPs was, in general, similar to that of the THMs. Epidemiology studies that show an association between adverse health effects and brominated THMs may be due to the formation of brominated emerging DBPs of heath concern. Plants with higher free chlorine contact times before ammonia addition to form chloramines had less iodinated DBP formation in chloraminated distribution systems, where there was more oxidation of the iodide to iodate(a sink for the iodide) by the chlorine. This has been shown in many bench-scale studies(primarily for iodinated THMs), but seldom in full-scale studies(where this study also showed the impact on total organic iodine. Collectively, the THMs, haloacetic acids, and emerging DBPs accounted for a significant portion of the TOCl, TOBr, and TOI;however, ~50% of the TOCl and TOBr is still unknown. The correlation of the sum of detected DBPs with the TOCl and TOBr suggests that they can be used as reliable surrogates.

关键词： Disinfection by-products Total organic bromine Total organic iodine Trihalomethanes Haloacetonitriles Haloacetaldehydes Iodo-trihalomethanes Iodoacetic acids

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Population physical activity legacy from major sports events:The contribution of behavior change science

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journal of Sport and Health Science 2023年第2期12卷 212-215页

作者： stuart j.H.Biddle Martin S.Hagger Sami Kokko Montse CRuiz Taru Lintunen Keegan Knittle Faculty of Sport&Health Sciences University of JyväskyläJyväskyläFI-40014Finland Centre for Health Research University of Southern QueenslandSpringfield CentralQLD 4300Australia Department of Psychological Sciences University of CaliforniaMercedCA 95343USA

In a commentary paper in the journal of Sport and Health Science,world-renowned physical activity researchers,Barbara Ainsworth and james Sallis,discussed the opportunities arising from the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games for increasing physical activity in youth.1 Moreover,a clarion call from the Asia-Pacific Society for Physical Activity has been made concerning the physical activity legacy that could arise from the 2032 Olympic and Paralympic Games in Brisbane,Australia(see:ASPA vision for Olympic legacy-ASPA(***)).

关键词： concerning Population behavior

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