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First 150 years of catatonia:Looking back at its complicated history and forward to the road ahead

World Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第5期14卷 600-606页

作者： Levente Csihi gabor S Ungvari stanley N Caroff gábor gazdag Department of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Rehabilitation Jahn Ferenc South Pest HospitalBudapest 1204Hungary Division of Psychiatry School of MedicineUniversity of Western AustraliaCrawley 6009Western AustraliaAustralia Section of Psychiatry University of Notre DameFremantle 6160Western AustraliaAustralia Behavioral Health Service Corporal Michael J CresenczVeterans Affairs Medical CenterPhiladelphiaPA 19104United States Department of Psychiatry University of PennsylvaniaPerelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPA 19104United States Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Faculty of MedicineSemmelweis UniversityBudapest 1083Hungary

Karl Ludwig Kahlbaum(1828-1899)was the first to conceptualize and describe the main clinical features of a novel psychiatric illness,which he termed catatonia in his groundbreaking monograph published 150 years *** Kahlbaum postulated catatonia as a separate disease entity characterized by psychomotor symptoms and a cyclical course,a close examination of his 26 cases reveals that most of them presented with motor symptom complexes or syndromes associated with various psychiatric and medical *** his classification system,Kraepelin categorized catatonic motor symptoms that occur in combination with psychotic symptoms and typically have a poor prognosis within his dementia praecox(schizophrenia)disease *** of the substantial influence of Kraepelin’s classification,catatonia was predominantly perceived as a component of schizophrenia for most of the 20th ***,with the advent of the psychopharmacotherapy era starting from the early 1950s,interest in catatonia in both clinical practice and research subsided until the early *** past two decades have witnessed a resurgence of interest in *** Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition,marked a paradigmatic shift by acknowledging that catatonia can occur secondary to various psychiatric and medical *** introduction of an independent diagnostic category termed“Catatonia Not Otherwise Specified”significantly stimulated research in this *** authors briefly review the history and findings of recent catatonia research and highlight promising directions for future exploration.

关键词： Catatonia Historical overview Psychopharmacology Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 Wernicke-Kleist-Leonhard school

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Treatment of Helicobacter pylori with potassium competitive acid blockers:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2024年第9期30卷 1213-1223页

作者： Joseph edwin Kanu Jonathan Soldera Post graduate Program at Acute Medicine and gastroenterology University of South WalesCardiff CF371DLUnited Kingdom

BACKgROUND Helicobacter pylori(***)infects over half the global population,causing gastrointestinal diseases like dyspepsia,gastritis,duodenitis,peptic ulcers,gMALT lymphoma,and gastric *** *** is crucial for treating and preventing these *** conventional proton pump inhibitor(PPI)-based triple therapy is effective,there’s growing interest in longer acid suppression *** competitive acid blocker(P-CAB)triple and dual therapy are new regimens for *** *** used in Asian populations,vonoprazan(VPZ)has been recently Food and Drug Administration-approved for *** *** To assess the efficacy of regimens containing P-CABs in eradicating *** *** This study,following PRISMA 2020 guidelines,conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis by searching MEDLINE and Scopus libraries for randomized clinical trials(RCTs)or observational studies with the following command:[("Helicobacter pylori"OR"H pylori")AND("Treatment"OR"Therapy"OR"Eradication")AND("Vonaprazan"OR"Potassium-Competitive Acid Blocker"OR"P-CAB"OR"PCAB"OR"Revaprazan"OR"Linaprazan"OR"Soraprazan"OR"Tegoprazan")].Studies comparing the efficacy of P-CABs-based treatment to classical PPIs in eradicating *** were *** criteria included case reports,case series,unpublished trials,or conference *** variables encompassed age,diagnosis method,sample sizes,study duration,intervention and control,and *** eradication method were gathered by two independent ***-analysis was performed in R software,and forest plots were *** A total of 256 references were initially retrieved through the search ***,fifteen studies(7 RCTs,7 retrospective observational studies,and 1 comparative unique study)were included,comparing P-CAB triple therapy to PPI triple *** intention-to-treat analysis involved 8049 patients,with 4471 in the P-CAB intervention g

关键词： Helicobacter pylori infection Potassium competitive acid blockers Proton pump inhibitors Vonoprazan Amoxicillin

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Basis for the diversity and extent in loss of digestible nutrients created by dietary phytin: Emphasis on fowl and swine

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动物营养学报 2024年第1期16卷 422-428页

作者： edwin T. Moran Michael R. Bedford Poultry Science Department Auburn University AL 36830-5416 USA AB Vista Woodstock Court Blenheim Road Marlborough Wiltshire SN8 4AN UK

Phytin is the Ca 2+ -Mg 2+ -K + salt of phytic acid that is created and deposited in the aleurone layer and/or germ of grains and legumes. Its high presence in feedstuffs for fowl and swine diets results in it being a universal and significant impediment to optimum performance. Phytin impairs gastrointestinal recovery of a wide array of nutrients, the effect varying with the nutrient concerned. On exposure to low pH during gastric digestion, phytin dissociates into phytic acid and solubilized Ca 2+ . Even at low gastric pH, phytic acid is negatively charged which forms the basis of its anti-nutritive behavior. Pepsinogen has extensive basic amino acids on its activation peptide that are presented as cations at low pH which are targeted by pepsin for activation. Partially crystalized Ca 2+ near the enzyme's active site further stabilizes its newly formed structure. Thus, phytic acid appears to interfere with gastric digestion by several mechanisms; interfering with pepsinogen activation by binding to the polypeptide's basic amino acids; coordinating free Ca 2+ , destabilizing pepsin; binding some dietary proteins directly, further compromising gastric proteolysis. Upon digesta attaining neutrality in the duodenum, Ca 2+ and other cations re-bind with accessible anions, phytic acid being a significant contender. Phytate not only binds free cations but can also strip them from enzymes (e.g. Ca 2+ , Zn 2+ ) which reduces their structural resistance to autolysis and ability as co-factors (e.g. Zn 2+ ) to increase enzyme activity. goblet cells initially employ Ca 2+ as an electronic shield between mucin layers enabling granule formation and cell storage. After mucin granule release, Ca 2+ is progressively displaced by Na + to free the viscous mucins enabling its translocation. Mucin entangles with the glycocalyx of adjacent enterocytes thereby constructing the unstirred water layer (USWL). Excessive removal of Ca 2+ from mucin by phytic acid increases its fluidity facilit

关键词： Digestive enzyme Calcium Endogenous protein Mucin Phytin

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Spontaneous Recovery in Directed Dynamical Networks

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Engineering 2024年第6期37卷 208-214页

作者： Xueming Liu Xian Yan H.Eugene stanley School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation&The MOE Engineering Research Center of Autonomous Intelligent Unmanned Systems&the Key Laboratory of Image Processing Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Center for Polymer Studies Department of PhysicsBoston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA

Complex networked systems,which range from biological systems in the natural world to infrastructure systems in the human-made world,can exhibit spontaneous recovery after a failure;for example,a brain may spontaneously return to normal after a seizure,and traffic flow can become smooth again after a *** studies on the spontaneous recovery of dynamical networks have been limited to undirected ***,most real-world networks are *** fill this gap,we build a model in which nodes may alternately fail and recover,and we develop a theoretical tool to analyze the recovery properties of directed dynamical *** find that the tool can accurately predict the final fraction of active nodes,and the prediction accuracy decreases as the fraction of bidirectional links in the network increases,which emphasizes the importance of directionality in network *** to different initial states,directed dynamical networks may show alternative stable states under the same control parameter,exhibiting hysteresis *** addition,for networks with finite sizes,the fraction of active nodes may jump back and forth between high and low states,mimicking repetitive failure-recovery *** findings could help clarify the system recovery mechanism and enable better design of networked systems with high resilience.

关键词： Network resilience Directed dynamical networks Spontaneous recovery

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global Solutions to Nonconvex Problems by Evolution of Hamilton-Jacobi PDEs

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第2期6卷 790-810页

作者： Howard Heaton Samy Wu Fung stanley Osher Typal Research Typal LLCLos AngelesUSA Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics Colorado School of MinesGoldenUSA Department Mathematics UCLALos AngelesUSA

Computing tasks may often be posed as optimization *** objective functions for real-world scenarios are often nonconvex and/or ***-of-the-art methods for solving these problems typically only guarantee convergence to local *** work presents Hamilton-Jacobi-based Moreau adaptive descent(HJ-MAD),a zero-order algorithm with guaranteed convergence to global minima,assuming continuity of the objective *** core idea is to compute gradients of the Moreau envelope of the objective(which is"piece-wise convex")with adaptive smoothing *** of the Moreau envelope(i.e.,proximal operators)are approximated via the Hopf-Lax formula for the viscous Hamilton-Jacobi *** numerical examples illustrate global convergence.

关键词： global optimization Moreau envelope Hamilton-Jacobi Hopf-Lax-Cole-Hopf Proximals Zero-order optimization

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Cultural Exclusion and the Transformation of the Cultural Landscape: The Origins of Anti-Chinese Racism in Canada

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Social Sciences in China 2024年第3期45卷 181-202页

作者： Timothy J.stanley Faculty of Education University of Ottawa

Anti-Chinese racism in Canada is a social structure of racialized exclusion that over time came to be built into the settler colonialism that continues to shape the *** of European,and especially of British and French origins,have consequently created the cultural landscapes that constitute the country(i.e.,its material constructions and dominant cultural overlays).When read against these landscapes,people of Chinese origins and members of other racialized groups continue to be positioned as aliens who do not belong in the country in way in which people racialized as white are *** on British Columbia(BC),Canada's westernmost province,and the historical activity of people of Chinese origins,this paper traces the history of anti-Chinese racism and its links to Anglo-Canadian settler *** has long been linked to China,and the Chinese entered BC at the same time as Europeans before the country *** this,Chinese people have repeatedly been positioned as threats to Anglo-Canadian dominance,and especially to control over the land and its *** Canadian resistance to racist exclusions,along with that of other groups,has led to the elimination of legislated ***,historic exclusions continue to shape cultural landscapes and popular understandings of who belongs and who does *** these landscapes requires an antiracist project of pursuing common projects that cross over racialized differences to remake the territory in ways that affirm the presence of all the peoples of Canada.

关键词： Chinese Canadians cultural exclusion white supremacy racism

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A Deepfake Detection Algorithm Based on Fourier Transform of Biological Signal

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第6期79卷 5295-5312页

作者： Yin Ni Wu Zeng Peng Xia guang stanley Yang Ruochen Tan School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Wuhan Polytechnic UniversityWuhan430023China School of Mathematics and Computer Science Wuhan Polytechnic UniversityWuhan430048China Paul g.Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering University ofWashingtonSeattleWA98195USA School of Computer Science and Engineering University of CaliforniaSanDiegoCA92093USA

Deepfake-generated fake faces,commonly utilized in identity-related activities such as political propaganda,celebrity impersonations,evidence forgery,and familiar fraud,pose new societal *** current deepfake generators strive for high realism in visual effects,they do not replicate biometric signals indicative of cardiac *** this gap,many researchers have developed detection methods focusing on biometric *** methods utilize classification networks to analyze both temporal and spectral domain features of the remote photoplethysmography(rPPg)signal,resulting in high detection ***,in the spectral analysis,existing approaches often only consider the power spectral density and neglect the amplitude spectrum—both crucial for assessing cardiac *** introduce a novel method that extracts rPPg signals from multiple regions of interest through remote photoplethysmography and processes them using Fast Fourier Transform(FFT).The resultant time-frequency domain signal samples are organized into matrices to create Matrix Visualization Heatmaps(MVHM),which are then utilized to train an image classification ***,we explored various combinations of time-frequency domain representations of rPPg signals and the impact of attention *** experimental results show that our algorithm achieves a remarkable detection accuracy of 99.22%in identifying fake videos,significantly outperforming mainstream algorithms and demonstrating the effectiveness of Fourier Transform and attention mechanisms in detecting fake faces.

关键词： Deepfake detector remote photoplethysmography fast fourier transform spatial attention mechanism

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Modelling and Characterization of Basalt/Vinyl Ester/SiC Micro-and Nano-hybrid Biocomposites Properties Using Novel ANN–gA Approach

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2024年第2期21卷 938-952页

作者： Yesudhasan Thooyavan Lakshmi Annamali Kumaraswamidhas Robinson Dhas edwin Raj Joseph Selvi Binoj Bright Brailson Mansingh Antony Sagai Francis Britto Alamry Ali Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Dhanbad(ISM)DhanbadJharkhand826004India gati Shakti Vishwavidyalaya(gSV-A Central University Funded By goI in the Ministry of Railways) LalbaugVadodaraGujarat390004India Institute of Mechanical Engineering Saveetha School of EngineeringSaveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences(SIMATS)Saveetha UniversityChennaiTamilnadu602105India Metal Joining Research Centre Department of Mechanical EngineeringSri Ramakrishna Engineering CollegeCoimbatoreTamilnadu641022India Department of Mechanical Engineering Rohini College of Engineering and TechnologyPalkulamTamil Nadu629401India Department of Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering in Al-KharjPrince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University11942Al-KharjSaudi Arabia

Basalt fiber reinforcement in polymer matrix composites is becoming more and more popular because of its environmental friendliness and mechanical qualities that are comparable to those of synthetic *** fiber strengthened vinyl ester matrix polymeric composite with filler addition of nano-and micro-sized silicon carbide(SiC)element spanning from 2 weight percent to 10 weight percent was studied for its mechanical and wear *** application of Artificial Neural Network(ANN)to correlate the filler addition composition for optimum mechanical properties is required due to the non-linear mechanical and tribological features of *** stuffing blend and composition of the composite are optimized using the hybrid model and genetic Algorithm(gA)to maximize the mechanical and wear-resistant *** predicted and tested ANN–gA optimal values obtained for the composite combination had a tensile,flexural,impact resilience,hardness and wear properties of 202.93 MPa,501.67 MPa,3.460 J/s,43 HV and 0.196 g,respectively,for its optimum combination of filler and *** can be noted that the nano-sized SiC filler particle enhances most of the properties of the composite which diversifies its *** predicted mechanical and wear values of the developed ANN–gA model were in closer agreement with the experimental values which validate the model.

关键词： Hybrid polymer composite Prediction Process modelling Artificial neural networks genetic algorithm

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Tracking Development

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ChinAfrica 2024年第5期16卷 42-43页

作者： edwin NYIRONgO 不详

Malawi is expected to generate hundreds of jobs,thanks to the railway project China Railway Signal and Communication *** will undertake in the ***’s Minister of Transport and Public Works Jacob Hara made the comment after returning from the third Road and Belt Forum for International Cooperation that took place in Beijing in October 2023.

关键词： hundreds law railway

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The Origin of Electric Charge in Quantum gravity

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Journal of Modern Physics 2024年第4期15卷 511-535页

作者： edwin Eugene Klingman Cybernetic Micro Systems Inc. San Gregorio CA USA

A model fermion has been produced in a theory of quantum gravity that establishes the existence of a mass gap and half-integral spin. The third requirement for the fermion is electric charge. We herein develop a dualism-based analysis that explains the origin of charge at the fermion scale in a primordial field theory of quantum gravity.

关键词： Duality Topology Parallel Transport Particle genesis Primordial Field Self-Interaction Equations Yang-Mills gravity

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