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High levels of endemism among Galapagos basidiolichens

Fungal Diversity 2017年第4期85卷 45-73页

作者： Manuela Dal Forno Frank Bungartz Alba Yanez-Ayabaca Robert lücking james D.lawrey Department of Botany Smithsonian InstitutionNational Museum of Natural History10th St&Constitution Ave NWWashingtonDC 20560USA Department of Environmental Science and Policy George Mason UniversityFairfaxVA 22030-4444USA Charles Darwin Foundation for the Galapagos Islands Puerto AyoraGalapagosEcuador School of life Sciences Arizona State UniversityPO Box 874501TempeAZ 85287-4501USA Facultad de Ciencias Agricolas Universidad Central del EcuadorCiudadela UniversitariaQuitoEcuador Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin KoniginLuise-Straße 6–814195 BerlinGermany Science&Education The Field Museum1400 South Lake ShoreChicagoIL 60605USA

This study is a re-assessment of basidiolichen diversity in the Galapagos *** present a molecular phylogenetic analysis,based on 92 specimens from Galapagos,using two nuclear ribosomal DNA markers(ITS and nulSU).We also re-examined the morphology and anatomy of all sequenced *** molecular results confirm our previous assessment that all Galapagos basidiolichens belong to the Dictyonema clade,which in Galapagos is represented by four genera:Acantholichen,Cora,Cyphellostereum,and *** species previously reported from Galapagos in these genera were at the time believed to represent widely distributed *** conclusion,however,has changed with the inclusion of molecular *** almost the same number of species is distinguished,the phylogenetic data now suggest that all are restricted to the Galapagos *** them,six species are proposed here as new to science,namely Cora galapagoensis,Cyphellostereum unoquinoum,Dictyonema barbatum,***,***,and ***;and four species have already been described previously,namely Acantholichen galapagoensis,Cora santacruzensis,Dictyonema pectinatum,and ***,here recombined as Cyphellostereum *** analysis is set on a very broad phylogenetic framework,which includes a large number of specimens(N=826)mainly from Central and South America,and therefore strongly suggests an unusually high level of endemism previously not *** analysis also shows that the closest relatives of half of the basidiolichens now found in Galapagos are from mainland Ecuador,implying that they reached the islands through the shortest route,with all species arriving on the islands through independent colonization events.

关键词： lichens Systematics Biodiversity Evolution lichenizedbasidiomycetes Galapagos

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Black,pinto and white beans lower hepatic lipids in hamsters fed high fat diets by excretion of bile acids

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食物生产加工与营养(英文) 2020年第1期2卷 249-257页

作者： Priscila l.S.Alves Jose De J Berrios james Pan Wallace H.Yokoyama Agricultural Research Service United States Department of AgricultureHealthy Processed Foods ResearchWestern Regional Research Center800 Buchanan St.AlbanyCA 94710USA

Hypolipidemic and anti-obesity properties of extruded black,pinto and white beans were examined in male Syrian hamsters fed high fat diets for 3 *** efficiency and effectiveness of extruder processing to eliminate heatlabile antinutrients were also *** fed a high fat diet containing 40%extruded black beans gained the same amount of weight as animals on a low-fat chow diet(based on AIN-93G).Total plasma cholesterol of the hamsters fed bean flour-based diets tended to be lower,ranging between 298 and 356 mg/dl,compared to 365 mg/dl for the control group and total and free liver cholesterol was about 50 and 33%lower,respectively,in the livers(freeze-dried)of hamsters fed the black turtle bean(BB)and pinto bean(PB)*** nitrogen content of the feces from hamsters fed the PB and white bean(WB)diets were 2.6x higher than the control and the excretion of deoxycholic acid(DCA)and lithocholic acid(lCA)was higher in all legume fed hamsters The results show that extrusion efficiently and economically reduces anti-nutritive factors that inhibit the digestion and absorption of proteins and carbohydrates.

关键词： Beans Extrusion Anti-obesity Bile acid Mice

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Biochars reduce irrigation water sodium adsorption ratio

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Biochar 2021年第1期3卷 77-87页

作者： Saima Awan james A.Ippolito J.l.Ullman Kamran Ansari liqiang Cui A.A.Siyal US‑Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Water Mehran University of Engineering and Technology JamshoroSindh 76090Pakistan Department of Soil and Crop Sciences Colorado State UniversityFort Collins 80523USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of UtahSalt Lake City 84112USA School of Environmental Science and Engineering Yancheng Institute of TechnologyNo.211 of Jianjun RoadYancheng 224051China

Irrigation water quality plays a vital role in sustaining crop productivity and feeding a growing world *** many countries,continued agricultural water reuse can lead to greater water-soluble salt concentrations,and in particular Na;finding means by which irrigation water Na,and thus sodium adsorption ratios(SAR),can be reduced would reduce the rate at which soil sodification *** biochars,containing a variety of organic functional groups and electrochemistries,were examined for their potential to sorb and remove Na from simulated irrigation water,and subsequently reduce water *** batch experiments examined the role that wheat straw biochar,lodgepole pine biochar,Kentucky bluegrass biochar,and hemp biochar played in terms of sorbing sodium over time or application *** the four biochars examined,hemp biochar had the lowest oxidation-reduction potential(ORP;~0-100 mV),sorbed the greatest Na amount(up to 923 mg kg^(−1)),and released Ca and Mg(up to 115 and 63 mg kg^(−1),respectively)into solution,all of which led to a significant reduction in water SAR(from 8.8 to 7.3;17% decrease).Sodium sorption onto hemp biochar better fit a langmuir versus a Freundlich isotherm,yet followed a pseudo-second-order model better than a pseudo-first-order kinetic *** data suggest that Na ions formed a monolayer on the hemp biochar surface,influenced by associations withπelectrons,but given time the Na ions may diffuse into biochar pores or more slowly interact with biochar-borneπ*** biochar shows promise in reducing the SAR of Na-impacted *** investigations should focus on additional laboratory,greenhouse,and field trials with hemp biochar and other biochars designed to have similar or superior properties for sorbing excess irrigation water Na and improving crop growth.

关键词： Biochar Na-containing irrigation water Oxidation-reduction potential Sodium sorption πElectrons

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Continuous live cell imaging of cellulose attachment by microbes under anaerobic and thermophilic conditions using confocal microscopy

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第5期25卷 849-856页

作者： Zhi-Wu Wang Seung-Hwan lee james G.Elkins Yongchao li Scott Hamilton-Brehm Jennifer l.Morrell-Falvey BioEnergy Science Center Biosciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831USA College of Food Agricultural and Environmental SciencesThe Ohio State University1328 Dover RdWoosterOH 44691USA National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Biomass Refinery Research CenterHiroshimaJapan Department of Forest Biomaterials Engineering College of Forest and Environmental SciencesKangwon National UniversityChuncheon 200-701Korea

live cell imaging methods provide important insights into the dynamics of cellular processes that cannot be derived easily from population-averaged *** the bioenergy field,much research is focused on fermentation of cellulosic biomass by thermophilic microbes to produce biofuels;however,little effort is dedicated to the development of imaging tools to monitor this dynamic biological *** is,in part,due to the experimental challenges of imaging cells under both anaerobic and thermophilic *** an imaging system is described that integrates confocal microscopy,a flow cell device,and a lipophilic dye to visualize *** to technical obstacles regarding suitable fluorescent markers,photodamage during imaging,and maintenance of environmental conditions during imaging are *** system was utilized to observe cellulose colonization by Clostridium thermocellum under anaerobic conditions at 60℃.This method enables live cell imaging of bacterial growth under anaerobic and thermophilic conditions and should be widely applicable to visualizing different cell types or processes in real time.

关键词： thermophile lipophilic dye cellulose biofuel confocal laser scanning microscopy biofilm

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Recent advances in nanomaterials for high-performance li–S batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2020年第8期29卷 86-106,I0004页

作者： james E.Knoop Seongki Ahn Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State UniversityGreensboroNC 27401USA Research Organization for Nano and life Innovation Waseda University513WasedatsurumakichoShinjuku-kuTokyo 162-0041Japan

This article reviews nanotechnology as a practical solution for improving lithium-sulfur batteries. lithiumsulfur batteries have been widely examined because sulfur has many advantageous properties such as a high crustal abundance, low environmental impact, low cost, high gravimetric(2600 W h kg-1) and volumetric(2800 W h l-1) energy densities, assuming complete conversion of sulfur to lithium sulfide(li2S)upon lithiation. However, lithium-sulfur batteries have not yet reach commercialization due to demerits involving the formation of soluble lithium polysulfides(li2Sn, n=3–8), low electrical conductivity, and low loading density of sulfur. These issues arise mainly due to the polysulfide shuttle phenomenon and the inherent insulating nature of sulfur. To overcome these issues, strategies have been pursued using nanotechnology applied to porous carbon nanocomposites, hollow one-dimensional carbon nanomaterials, graphene nanocomposites, and three-dimensional carbon nanostructured matrices. This paper aims to review various solutions pertaining to the role of nanotechnology in synthesizing nanoscale and nanostructured materials for advanced and high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries. Furthermore, we highlight perspective research directions for commercialization of lithium–sulfur batteries as a major power source for electric vehicles and large-scale electric energy storage.

关键词： Nanotechnology lithium–sulfur batteries Carbon nanomaterials Nanocomposite sulfur 3D nanostructured materials

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Spectral/hp element methods:Recent developments, applications, and perspectives

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2018年第1期30卷 1-22页

作者： Hui Xu Chris D.Cantwell Carlos Monteserin Claes Eskilsson Allan P.Engsig-Karup spencer J.Sherwin Department of Aeronautics Imperial College London Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science Technical University of Denmark Department of Civil Engineering Aalborg University Division Safety and Transport Research Institutes of Sweden (RISE) Center for Energy Resources Engineering (CERE) Technical University of Denmark

The spectral/hp element method combines the geometric flexibility of the classical h-type finite element technique with the desirable numerical properties of spectral methods, employing high-degree piecewise polynomial basis functions on coarse finite element-type meshes. The spatial approximation is based upon orthogonal polynomials, such as legendre or Chebychev polynomials,modified to accommodate a C~0-continuous expansion. Computationally and theoretically, by increasing the polynomial order p,high-precision solutions and fast convergence can be obtained and, in particular, under certain regularity assumptions an exponential reduction in approximation error between numerical and exact solutions can be achieved. This method has now been applied in many simulation studies of both fundamental and practical engineering flows. This paper briefly describes the formulation of the spectral/hp element method and provides an overview of its application to computational fluid dynamics. In particular, it focuses on the use of the spectral/hp element method in transitional flows and ocean engineering. Finally, some of the major challenges to be overcome in order to use the spectral/hp element method in more complex science and engineering applications are discussed.

关键词： High-precision spectral/hp elements continuous Galerkin method discontinuous Galerkin method implicit large eddy simulation

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MEK inhibition activates STAT signaling to increase breast cancer immunogenicity via MHC-I expression

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2020年第3期3卷 603-612页

作者： Derek A.Franklin Jamaal l.james Margaret l.Axelrod Justin M.Balko Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN 37232USA. Department of Pathology Microbiologyand ImmunologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN 37232USA. Breast Cancer Research Program Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN 37232USA.

Aim:Immunotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICI)have changed cancer care for many patients;however,breast cancers have exhibited minimal response to single agent ICI *** is a significant need to identify novel targets capable of increasing cancer cell immunogenicity and response to ICIs in breast *** activated protein kinase(MAPK)signaling is essential for many cellular processes but the relationship between MAPK signaling and cancer cell immunogenicity is less well *** reports suggest that MEK inhibition(MEKi)affects the tumor-immune microenvironment by altering the expression of interferon responsive PD-l1 and MHC-I through unknown ***:Using western blotting and flow cytometry,we sought to determine whether MEKi affects JAK-STAT signaling upstream of PD-l1 and MHC-I expression in a panel of mouse mammary cancer and triple negative breast cancer cell ***:The cell lines tested exhibited increased STAT activation in response to MEKi ***,MEKi-induced MHC-I and PD-l1 expression are dependent upon STAT1 in MMTV-Neu ***,MEKiinduced STAT activation and interferon-responsive protein expression are abrogated with ErbB-family inhibitor co-treatment in MMTV-Neu cells,suggesting ErbB receptor signaling dependence,but not in basal-like cell ***,analysis of basal-like breast cancer patient samples exhibited an inverse relationship between STAT1 and Ras/MAPK activation ***:These findings suggest that MAPK signaling and STAT activation are inversely related in both mouse and human mammary *** work also supports further study of MEKi to increase STAT signaling and potentially,immunotherapy responses through increased MHC-I and PD-l1 expression.

关键词： Mitogen activated protein kinase signaling immunogenicity MHC-I PD-l1

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Exercise as a therapy for cancer-induced muscle wasting

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2020年第4期2卷 186-194页

作者： Jessica l.Halle Brittany R.Counts james A.Carson Integrative Muscle Biology laboratory Division of Rehabilitation SciencesCollege of Health ProfessionsUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTNUSA

Cancer cachexia is a progressive disorder characterized by body weight,fat,and muscle *** induces metabolic disruptions that can be analogous and distinct from those observed in cancer,obscuring both diagnosis and treatment ***,hypogonadism,and physical inactivity are widely investigated as systemic mediators of cancer-induced muscle *** the cellular level,dysregulation of protein turnover and energy metabolism can negatively impact muscle mass and *** is well known for its anti-inflammatory effects and potent stimulation of anabolic *** evidence suggests the potential for exercise to rescue muscle's sensitivity to anabolic stimuli,reduce wasting through protein synthesis modulation,myokine release,and subsequent downregulation of proteolytic *** date,there is no recommendation for exercise in the management of *** its complex nature,a multimodal approach incorporating exercise offers promising potential for cancer cachexia *** review's primary objective is to summarize the growing body of research examining exercise regulation of cancer ***,we will provide evidence for exercise interactions with established systemic and cellular regulators of cancer-induced muscle wasting.

关键词： Physical activity Anabolic resistance Inflammation Il-6 Metabolic dysfunction Protein turnover

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The anti-scarring effect of corneal stromal stem cell therapy is mediated by transforming growth factorβ3

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Eye and Vision 2020年第1期7卷 512-525页

作者： lin Weng james l.Funderburgh Irona Khandaker Moira l.Geary Tianbing Yang Rohan Basu Martha l.Funderburgh Yiqin Du Gary Hin-Fai Yam Department of Ophthalmology University of Pittsburgh School of medicine203 Lothrop StreetPittsburghPA 15213USA Shanghai lanhe Optometry and Ophthalmology Clinic Shanghai 200032People’s Republic of China

Background:Corneal stromal stem cells(CSSC)reduce corneal inflammation,prevent fibrotic scarring,and regenerate transparent stromal tissue in injured *** effects rely on factors produced by CSSC to block the fibrotic gene *** study investigated the mechanism of the scar-free regeneration ***:Primary human CSSC(hCSSC)from donor corneal rims were cultivated to passage 3 and co-cultured with mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells induced to M1 pro-inflammatory phenotype by treatment with interferonγand lipopolysaccharides,or to M2 anti-inflammatory phenotype by interleukin-4,in a Transwell *** timecourse expression of human transforming growth factorβ3(hTGFβ3)and hTGFβ1 were examined by immunofluorescence and ***β3 knockdown for>70%in hCSSC[hCSSC-TGFβ3(si)]was achieved by small interfering RNA ***ïve CSSC and hCSSC-TGFβ3(si)were transplanted in a fibrin gel to mouse corneas,respectively,after wounding by stromal *** clarity and the expression of mouse inflammatory and fibrosis genes were ***:hTGFβ3 was upregulated by hCSSC when co-cultured with RAW cells under M1 *** of hCSSC to wounded mouse corneas showed significant upregulation of hTGFβ3 at days 1 and 3 post-injury,along with the reduced expression of mouse inflammatory genes(CD80,C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 5,lipocalin 2,plasminogen activator urokinase receptor,pro-platelet basic protein,and secreted phosphoprotein 1).By day 14,hCSSC treatment significantly reduced the expression of fibrotic and scar tissue genes(fibronectin,hyaluronan synthase 2,Secreted protein acidic and cysteine rich,tenascin C,collagen 3a1 andα-smooth muscle actin),and the injured corneas remained ***,hCSSC-TGFβ3(si)lost these anti-inflammatory and anti-scarring functions,and the wounded corneas showed intense ***:This study has demonstrated that the corneal regenerative effect of hCSSC is mediated by TGFβ3,inducing a s

关键词： Cornea wound healing Corneal stromal stem cells TGFβ3 Inflammation Fibrosis

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Sperm retrieval success and testicular histopathology in idiopathic nonobstructive azoospermia

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2020年第6期22卷 555-559页

作者： Arighno Das Joshua A Halpern Annie l Darves-Bornoz Mehul Patel james Wren Mary Kate Keeter Robert E Brannigan Department of Urology Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL 60611USA

Prior studies have investigated sperm retrieval rates in men with non obstructive azoospermia(NOA)secondary to specific etiologies,yet most cases of NOA are *** compared sperm retrieval rates and testicular histopathology in idiopathic NOA(iNOA)and nonidiopathic NOA(niNOA).We performed a retrospective review of men with NOA who underwent microdissection testicular sperm extraction(microTESE)between 2000 and *** with no history of malignancy or cryptorchidism and negative genetic evaluation were considered *** regression determined the association between idiopathic etiology and primary outcomes of sperm retrieval and active spermatogenesis on *** 224 men,86(38.4%)were idiopathic,75(33.5%)were nonidiopathic,and 63(28.1%)did not undergo genetic *** age and serum testosterone were higher among iNOA or no testing versus *** follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)was lower among iNOA or no testing versus niNOA.A higher proportion of iNOA or no testing versus niNOA had a clinical *** retrieval rates were similar between iNOA,niNOA,and no testing(41.8%vs 48.0%vs 55.6%,respectively;P=0.255).Active spermatogenesis was seen in a higher proportion of iNOA or no testing versus niNOA(31.4%and 27.0%vs 16.0%,P=0.073).On multivariable analysis,iNOA was not associated with sperm retrieval or spermatogenesis(P=0.430 and P=0.078,respectively).Rates of sperm retrieval and spermatogenesis on testis pathology were similar in men with iNOA and *** data will be useful to clinicians in preoperative counseling for men with NOA and negative genetic evaluation.

关键词： microdissection testicular sperm extraction nonobstructive azoospermia sperm retrieval rate

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