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Verification of Lactobacillus brevis tolerance to simulated gastric juice and the potential effects of postbiotic gamma-aminobutyric acid in streptozotocin-induced d.a.etic mice

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2022年第1期11卷 165-176页

作者： Amro Abdelazez Heba Abdelmotaal smith Etareri Evivie Maha Bikheet Rokayya Sami Hassan Mohamed Xiangchen Meng Key Laboratory of dairy Science Ministry of EducationCollege of Food SciencesNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbin 150030China College of Agriculture and Forestry Linyi UniversityLinyi 276005China department of dairy Microbiology Animal Production Research InstituteAgriculture Research CentreDokkiGiza 12618Egypt department ofMicrobiology SoilWaterEnvironmentand Microbiology Research InstituteAgriculture Research CentreGiza 12619Egypt department of Food Science&Hunan Nutrition Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of BeninBenin City 300001Nigeria department of dairy Science Faculty of AgricultureMinia UniversityMinia 61511Egypt department of Food Science and Nutrition College of SciencesTaif UniversityP.O.11099Taif21944Saudi Arabia Colin Ratledge Center for Microbial Lipids School of Agriculture Engineering and Food ScienceShandong University of TechnologyZibo 255049China department of Botany and Microbiology Faculty of ScienceAl-Azhar UniversityAssiut 71524Egypt

The therapeutic effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA)on d.a.etes was spread.a. one of the alarming epidemics *** study aims to investigate the function of Lactobacillus brevis KLdS_(1.0727) and KLdS_(1.0373) strains as glutamic acid decarboxylase 65(GAd65)carriers capable of generating GABA by comparing in vitro free and freeze-dried models and GABA intervention in *** amplification of gad.a.d in vitro i.e.,(growth rate,viability at different pH,bile tolerance,and survivability in simulated gastric juice)were *** vivo experiments were conducted in 7 groups of C57BL/6J *** group was injected with streptozotocin(Cont_(STZ),INSSTZ,LAC1_(STZ),LAC_(1MFdSTZ),LAC_(2STZ),LAC_(2MFdSTZ))daily except for the control(Cont).One group was injected with insulin(INSSTZ).The body weight and hyperglycemia in the blood were assessed weekly,post-euthanasia blood plasma parameters,insulin,and histological examination were *** indicated *** strains demonstrated.a.great tolerance to bile and simulated gastric juice in vitro(Pd the highest average glucose level(6.84±6.46)mmol/L while INS_(STZ) expressed d.a.atically decreed in glucose level and displayed.a.significant decline in the average of weekly blood glucose(−5.74±3.08)mmol/*** lowest body weight(ContSTZ)was(19.30±0.25)*** on the blood plasma analysis,*** strains improved good cholesterol properties,liver and kidney functions,where most of these parameters fall within the average the reference range and prevent the development of symptoms of type 1 d.a.etes in *** recommended,*** should be commonly distributed.a. a postbiotic GABA in pharmaceutical and nutritional applications.

关键词： d.a.etes Gamma-aminobutyric acid Postbiotics Lactobacillus brevis In vitro C57BL/6J mice

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Tumor microenvironment in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma:Implications in immunotherapy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第27期28卷 3297-3313页

作者： Caitlyn smith Wei Zheng Jixin dong Yaohong Wang Jinping Lai Xiuli Liu Feng Yin department of Pathology and.a.atomical Sciences University of Missouri School of MedicineColumbiaMO 65212United States department of Pathology Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGA 30322United State Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and.a.lied diseases Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer CenterUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE 68198United States department of Pathology Microbiology and ImmunologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN 37232United States department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Kaiser Permanente Sacramento Medical CenterSacramentoCA 95825United States department of Pathology and Immunology Washington UniversitySt.LouisMO 63110United States department of Pathology and.a.atomical Sciences University of MissouriColumbiaMO 65212United States

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is one of the most aggressive and lethal *** resection is the only curable treatment option,but it is available for only a small fraction of patients at the time of *** current therapeutic regimens,the average 5-year survival rate is less than 10%in pancreatic cancer *** has emerged.a. one of the most promising treatment options for multiple solid tumors of ad.a.ced ***,its clinical efficacy is suboptimal in most clinical trials on pancreatic *** studies have suggested that the tumor microenvironment is likely the underlying barrier affecting immunotherapy drug efficacy in pancreatic *** this review,we discuss the role of the tumor microenvironment in pancreatic cancer and the latest ad.a.ces in immunotherapy on pancreatic cancer.

关键词： Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Tumor microenvironment Immunotherapy Clinical trial Chemotherapy Treatment

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Impact of Tillage and Fertilizer Application Method on Gas Emissions in a Corn Cropping System

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Pedosphere 2012年第5期22卷 604-615页

作者： K. smith d. WATTS T. WAY H. TORBERT S. PRIOR department of Math Science and Technology University of Minnesota Crookston Crookston MN 56716 (USA) USdA-ARS National Soil dynamics Laboratory 411 S. Donahue Dr. Auburn AL 36832 (USA)

Tillage and fertilization practices used in row crop production are thought to alter greenhouse gas emissions from soil. This study was conducted to determine the impact of fertilizer sources, land management practices, and fertilizer placement methods on greenhouse gas (CO2, CH4, and N2O) emissions. A new prototype implement developed for applying poultry litter in subsurface bands in the soil was used in this study. The field site was located.a. the Sand Mountain Research and Extension Center in the Appalachian Plateau region of northeast Alabama, USA, on a Hartsells fine sandy loam (fine-loamy, siliceous, subactive, thermic Typic Hapludults). Measurements of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions followed GRACEnet (greenhouse gas reduction through agricultural carbon enhancement network) protocols to assess the effects of different tillage (conventional vs. no-tillage) and fertilizer placement (subsurface banding vs. surface application) practices in a corn (Zea mays L.) cropping system. Fertilizer sources were urea-ammonium nitrate (UAN), ammonium nitrate (AN) and poultry litter (M) applied.a. a rate of 170 kg ha-1 of available N. Banding of fertilizer resulted in the greatest concentration of gaseous loss (CO2 and N2O) compared to surface applications of fertilizer. Fertilizer banding increased CO2 and N2O loss on various sampling days throughout the season with poultry litter banding emitting more gas than UAN banding. Conventional tillage practices also resulted in a higher concentration of CO2 and N2O loss when evaluating tillage by sampling day. Throughout the course of this study, CH4 flux was not affected by tillage, fertilizer source, or fertilizer placement method. These results suggest that poultry litter use and banding practices have the potential to increase greenhouse gas emissions.

关键词：温室气体排放量耕作方式施肥方法裁剪系统玉米间套作 CH4通量家禽粪便

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A machine learning enabled hybrid optimization framework for efficient coarse-graining of a model polymer

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 2128-2138页

作者： Zakiya Shireen Hansani Weeratunge Adrian Menzel Andrew W.Phillips Ronald G.Larson Kate smith-Miles Elnaz Hajizadeh department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Information TechnologyThe University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia Platforms division Defence Science and Technology GroupMelbourneAustralia department of Chemical Engineering University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA School of Mathematics and Statistics The University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia

This work presents a framework governing the development of an efficient,accurate,and transferable coarse-grained(CG)model of a polyether *** framework combines bottom-up and top-down approaches of coarse-grained model parameters by integrating machine learning(ML)with optimization *** the bottom-up approach,bonded interactions of the CG model are optimized using deep neural networks(dNN),where atomistic bonded distributions are *** the top-down approach,optimization of nonbonded parameters is accomplished by reproducing the temperature-dependent experimental *** demonstrate that developed framework addresses the thermodynamic consistency and transferability issues associated with the classical coarse-graining *** efficiency and transferability of the CG model is demonstrated through accurate predictions of chain statistics,the limiting behavior of the glass transition temperature,diffusion,and stress relaxation,where none were included in the parametrization *** accuracy of the predicted properties are evaluated in context of molecular theories and.a.ailable experimental data.

关键词： optimization grain integrating

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dyslipidemia in Adults with Type 2 d.a.etes in a Rural Community in Ganadougou, Mali: A Cross-Sectional Study

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Journal of d.a.etes Mellitus 2024年第2期14卷 133-152页

作者： Abdoulaye d.a.ara djibril Mamadou Coulibaly drissa Kone Mama A. Traore drissa Konaté dicko S. Bazi Oumar Kassogue djeneba Sylla Fatoumata Gniné Fofana Oudou d.a.até Mariam Traore Ibrahim Antoine Nieantao Kaly Keїta Mamadou d.a.ra Olivia smith Jian Li Cheickna Cisse Talib Yusuf Abbas Crystal Zheng Segun Fatumo Kassim Traore Mamadou Wele Mahamadou d.a.ité Seydou O. doumbia Jeffrey G. Shaffer University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako Bamako Mali National Federation of Community Health Associations Bamako Mali department of Tropical Medicine Medical Microbiology & Pharmacology John A. Burns School of Medicine University of Hawaii Manoa Honolulu USA department Biostatistics and data Science School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine Tulane University New Orleans USA department of Biotechnology and Computer Science Burhani College Mazgaon Mumbai India School of Medicine Tulane University New Orleans USA Medical Research Council Uganda Virus Research Institute Entebbe Uganda London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London UK departement of Biochemistry and Genetics duquesne University College of Medicine Pittsburgh USA

dyslipidemia is a disorder where abnormally lipid concentrations circulate in the bloodstream. The disorder is common in type 2 d.a.etics (T2d) and is linked with T2d comorbidities, particularly cardiovascular disease. dyslipidemia in T2d is typically characterized by elevated plasma triglyceride and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HdL-C) levels. There is a significant gap in the literature regarding dyslipidemia in rural parts of Africa, where lipid profiles may not be captured through routine surveillance. This study aimed to characterize the prevalence and demo-graphic profile of dyslipidemia in T2d in the rural community of Ganadougou, Mali. We performed.a.cross-sectional study of 104 subjects with T2d in Ganadougou between November 2021 and March 2022. demographic and lipid profiles were collected through cross-sectional surveys and serological analyses. The overall prevalence of dyslipidemia in T2d patients was 87.5% (91/104), which did not differ by sex (P = .368). High low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LdL-C) was the most common lipid.a.normality (78.9%, [82/104]). dyslipidemia was associated with age and hypertension status (P = .013 and.036, respectively). High total and high LdL-C parameters were significantly associated with hypertension (P = .029 and .006, respectively). In low-resource settings such as rural Mali, there is a critical need to improve infrastructure for routine dyslipidemia screening to guide its prevention and intervention approaches. The high rates of dyslipidemia observed in Gandadougou, consistent with concomitant increases in cardiovascular diseases in Africa suggest that lipid profile assessments should be incorporated into routine medical care for T2d patients in African rural settings.

关键词： Cholesterol Cross-Sectional Study dyslipidemia Lipids Mali Type 2 d.a.etes

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Inherent Complexities of a Multi-stakeholder Approach to Building Community Resilience

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International Journal of disaster Risk Science 2020年第1期11卷 32-45页

作者： Josephine Adekola denis Fischabcher-smith Moira Fischabcher-smith Finance Accounting and RiskGlasgow Caledonian UniversityGlasgow G40BAScotlandUK College of Social Sciences University of GlasgowGlasgow G128QQScotlandUK

Enhancing community resilience has increasingly involved national and regional governments adopting a multi-stakeholder approach because of the potential interagency benefits. This has led to questions about how best to involve stakeholder groups in translating community resilience policies into practice. This exploratory study contributes to this discussion by addressing two key areas that are fundamental in the concerted effort to build community resilience to natural hazards:(1) stakeholder understanding of community resilience as a concept;and(2) the difficulties associated with the processes of risk assessment and preparedness that stakeholders face locally in building community resilience. data were collected through semistructured interviews with 25 practitioners and experts within Scotland’s resilience community, and were analyzed through an inductive approach to thematic analysis. These data show how the interpretation of community resilience differs across stakeholder groups. Analysis of the data reveals challenges around the nature of the risk assessment and its role in shaping risk perception and communication. Significant complications occur in communicating about low probability-high consequence events, perceived territoriality, competing risk prioritizations, and the challenges of managing hazards within a context of limited resources. The implications of these issues for policy and practice are also discussed.

关键词： Community disaster preparedness Community resilience Multi-stakeholder approach Natural hazards Risk assessment

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Phylogenetic reconstruction of Chirita and.a.lies (Gesneriaceae) with taxonomic treatments

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2011年第1期49卷 50-64页

作者： James F. smith department of Biological Sciences Boise State University

Chirita d. don, a large genus in the subfamily Cyrtandroid.a. of Gesneriaceae, has been the subject of much debate whether it is a natural group or not. In addition, the highly heterogeneous Chirita has also been very problematic with regard to delimitation and subdivision. Here we used the nrd.a.internal transcribed spacer and cpd.a.trnL-F for molecular phylogenetic analaysis, combined with morphological data. Our results suggest that Chirita is an artificial, polyphyletic genus. The most important character that defines Chirita, the dorso-ventrally oblique and bilamellar stigma, has evolved convergently in different clades of d.a.drous Cyrtandroid.a.. Chirita sensu stricto only includes the species of Chirita sect. Chirita, whereas Chirita sect. Microchirita is an independent clade located.a. the basal node of the phylogenetic tree. Chirita sect. Liebigia is closely related to didymocarpus with an entire stigma unlike other species of Chirita. The species of Chirita sect. Gibbosaccus, Chiritopsis, Primulina, and Wentsaiboea form a monophyletic group that is sister to a strongly supported clade comprising four monotypic genera Paralagarosolen, Calcareoboea, Petrocodon, and Tengia. We further analyzed the morphological evolution of Chirita and identified.a.series of morphological synapomorphies for the monophyletic groups revealed herein, and thereby provide a taxonomic treatment in this study.

关键词： Chirita d. don morphological evolution phylogenetic reconstruction polyphyly taxonomic treatment.

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Self-management of coronary heart disease in older patients after elective percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

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老年心脏病学杂志：英文版 2016年第5期13卷 393-400页

作者： Susan dawkes Graeme d smith Lawrie Elliott Robert Raeside Jayne H donaldson School of Nursing Midwifery and Social Care Edinburgh Napier University Scotland United Kingdom department of Nursing and Community Health Glasgow Caledonian University Scotland United Kingdom Employment Research Institute Edinburgh Napier University Scotland United Kingdom School of Health Sciences University of Stirling Scotland United Kingdom

OBJECTIVE:To explore how older patients self-manage their coronary heart disease (CHd) after undergoing elective percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA).;METHOdS:This mixed methods study used.a.sequential, explanatory design and recruited.a.convenience sample of patients (n = 93) approximately three months after elective PTCA. The study was conducted in two phases. Quantitative data collected in Phase 1 by means of a self-administered survey were subject to univariate and bivariate analysis. Phase 1 findings informed the purposive sampling for Phase 2 where ten participants were selected from the original sample for an in-depth interview. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis. This paper will primarily report the findings from a sub-group of older participants (n = 47) classified.a. 65 years of age or older.;RESULTS:78.7% (n = 37) of participants indicated that they would manage recurring angina symptoms by taking glyceryl trinitrate and 34% (n = 16) thought that resting would help. Regardless of the duration or severity of the symptoms 40.5% (n = 19) would call their general practitioner or an emergency ambulance for assistance during any recurrence of angina symptoms. Older participants weighed less (P = 0.02) and smoked less (P = 0.01) than their younger counterparts in the study. Age did not seem to affect PTCA patients' likelihood of altering dietary factors such as fruit, vegetable and saturated fat consumption (P = 0.237).;CONCLUSIONS:The findings suggest that older people in the study were less likely to know how to correctly manage any recurring angina symptoms than their younger counterparts but they had fewer risk factors for CHd. Age was not a factor that influenced participants' likelihood to alter lifestyle factors.

关键词：自我管理冠状动脉老年人冠心病患者成形腔内单因素方差分析

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Smart Soft Materials with Multiscale Architecture and dynamic Surface Topographies

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Accounts of Materials Research 2022年第11期3卷 1115-1126页

作者： Songshan Zeng Andrew T.smith Kuangyu Shen Luyi Sun Polymer Program Institute of Materials Science and Department of Chemical&Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsConnecticut 06269United StatesPresent Address:Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering(MIMSE)Zhuhai MUST Science and Technology Research InstituteFaculty of Innovation EngineeringMacao University of Science and TechnologyTaipa999078MacaoChina Polymer Program Institute of Materials Science and Department of Chemical&Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsConnecticut 06269United States

CONSPECTUS:Smart soft materials have one or more characteristics that can be significantly altered in convertible fashions by external stimuli,such as light,moisture,mechanical force,temperature,electric/magnetic fields,pH,and so *** materials can lead to widespread.a.plication in multifunctional smart ***,various smart soft materials have been developed under the inspiration of the intriguing multiscale structures,adaptive mechanisms,and dynamic responses of natural life,with an aim to further design ad.a.ced material systems with novel,intriguing,and unprecedented properties.

关键词： Smart properties. dynamic

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Sex differences in the foraging behavior of a generalist hawkmoth

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Insect Science 2022年第1期29卷 304-314页

作者： Gordon P.smith Goggy davidowitz Ruben Alarcón daniel R.Papaj Judith L.Bronstein department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA department of Entomology University of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA department of Biology California State University Channel IslandsCamarilloCaliforniaUSA Current address:department of Neurobiology and Behavior Cornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA

Within-species variation in pollinator behavior is widely observed, but its causes have been minimally investigated. Pollinator sex is associated with large differences in behavior that may lead to predictable differences in flower foraging, but this expectation has not been explicitly tested. We investigate sex-associated differences in nectar-foraging behavior of the hawkmoth Hyles lineata, using pollen on the proboscis as a proxy for flower visitation. We tested two predictions emerging from the literature: (1) the sexes differ in the flower species they visit, (2) females are more specialized in flower choice. We also examined potential drivers underlying these predictions by performing field.a.d laboratory experiments to test whether males (3) switch among flower species more frequently, or (4) fly farther and therefore encounter more species than females. Consistent with prediction (1), pollen load composition differed between the sexes, indicative of visitation differences. Contrary to prediction (2), females consistently carried more species-rich pollen loads than males. (3) Both sexes switched between flower species at similar rates, suggesting that differences in floral fidelity are unlikely to explain why females are less specialized than males. (4) Males flew longer distances than females;coupled with larger between-site differences in pollen composition for females, this result suggests that sex differences in mobility influence foraging, and that females may forage more frequently and in smaller areas than males. Together, our results demonstrate that sex-associated foraging differences can be large and consistent over time, and highlight the importance of sex as a driver of variation in pollinator behavior.

关键词： hawkmoths intraspecific variation pollination sex differences

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