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The potential of trehalose to replace insect hemolymph in artificial media for Trichogramma dendrolimi （Hymenoptera： Trichogrammatidae）

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Insect Science 2013年第5期20卷 629-636页

作者： Xin Lu Shi-Chou Han Li-Ying Li simon Grenier Patrick De Clercq Guangdong Entomological Institute Guangzhou China UmR BF21 INRAIINSA Lyon France Department of Crop Protection Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Ghent Belgium

Insect additives have been shown to improve the value of artificial media for Trichogramma species, but at the same time maintain dependence on parallel cultures of host insects. In the present study, Trichogramma dendrolimi matsumura was reared in vitro from egg to adult on artificial media with different contents of pupal hemolymph of Chinese oak silkmoth Antheraea pernyi （Guérin-méneville） and with supplements of distilled water, or of trehalose dissolved in water or in Grace＇s insect medium. The results indicated insect hemolymph was the key component of artificial medium. Developmental parameters, including rates of parasitism, pupation, adult emergence and normal adults, and numbers of produced adults, were increased on media supplemented with trehalose even when the proportion of pupal hemolymph was reduced. Two artificial media, the first containing 30% hemolymph and 10% trehalose in water with 98.9% parasitism rate, 77.7.0% pupation rate, 77.2% emergence rate, 80.0% normal adult rate and 333 produced adults, and the second containing 25% hemolymph and 15% trehalose in Grace＇s insect medium with 97.8% parasitism rate, 91.0% pupation rate, 85.2% emergence rate, 76.1% normal adult rate and 757 produced adults, were believed to hold potential to mass produce T. dendrolimi. The use of trehalose to partially replace pupal hemolymph in artificial medium of this and other Trichogramma species may contribute to a significant reduction in their production cost and may as such help to evade problems related to short supplies of lepidopteran eggs, which currently constitute the main factitious host for the mass rearing of the parasitoids.

关键词： artificial medium in vitro rearing trehalose Trichogramma dendrolimi

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Assessing the utility of the tipping point ratio to monitor HIV treatment programmes in the era of universal access to ART

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Infectious Disease modelling 2018年第1期3卷 85-96页

作者： simon de montigny marie-Claude Boily Benoît Rmasse Kate m.mitchell Dobromir T.Dimitrov CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center MontrealQCCanada School of Public Health University of MontrealMontrealQCCanada Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology Imperial CollegeLondonUnited Kingdom Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center SeattleWAUnited States

Background:The epidemiological tipping point ratio(TPR)has been suggested as a useful indicator to monitor the scale-up of antiretroviral treatment(ART)programmes and determine when scale-up is sufficient to control the *** has been defined as the ratio of yearly number of new HIV infections to the yearly number of new ART initiations or to the yearly net increase in the number of people on *** has been used to rank the progress of treatment programmes across countries,with the objective of reaching a TPR value under *** study aims to assess if TPR alone can be used as an indicator of ART success across settings by comparing the expected changes in HIV incidence and ART coverage when TPR is maintained constant over *** particular,we focus on the effect of ART initiation timing(emphasis on ART being initiated early or late during HIV progression)on the interpretation of the ***:We used a dynamic model of HIV transmission in South Africa representing ART rollout leading to universal treatment in *** model is calibrated to HIV incidence,HIV prevalence and ART coverage in 2012 in South Africa,and 1000 simulations are selected for the base-case *** measure the effect of TPR,we simulate TPRpreserving interventions,maintaining TPR(yearly number of new ART initiations denominator)at the value observed in 2019(between 0.65 and 1.25)for 15 *** compare ART coverage and HIV incidence across TPR values and across strategies in which ART access is prioritized *** a secondary analysis,we illustrate the sensitivity of new ART initiations to ART retention,and we compare both definitions of the ***:Our analysis shows that HIV incidence reduction is weakly correlated to TPR:the same reduction in HIV incidence(15%)can be achieved by implementing the same strategy with a wide range of TPR maintained(0.65e1.12).Assuming high retention in ART,TPR-preserving strategies prioritizing early ART initiation yield greater reduction i

关键词： treatment maintained retention

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Pathogenicity of Rabies Viruses Isolated in China: Two Fixed Strains and a Street Strain

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2013年第7期26卷 552-561页

作者： HUANG Ying TANG Qing simon RAYNER GONG Kai SONG Bo LIANG Guo Dong Key Laboratorg for medical Virology Ministry of Health Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (IVDC China CDC) State Key Laboratory for Virology Wuhan Institute of Virology Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and membrane Biotechnology School of Life Sciences Tsinghua University State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChina CDC

Objective To investigate the virulence characteristics of two fixed strains （CTN and aG） and a street strain （HNIO） of rabies viruses isolated in China, methods ICR mice of different age groups were via the intracracerebral （i.c.） or intramuscular （i.m inoculated with CTN, aG and HN10 rabies virus strains ） routes, and observed for 20 days. Results The CTN strain was pathogenic to 7-day-old suckling mice that received i.c. inoculations and 3-day-old suckling mice that received i.m. inoculations. The aG strain was pathogenic to 4-week-old mice that received i.c. inoculations and 7-day-old suckling mice that received i.m. inoculations. The HN10 strain was pathogenic to mice of all age groups via both inoculation routes. In moribund mice, the viruses had spread to most regions of the brain. The CTN and HN10 strains had similar dissemination patterns in the brain; both viral antigens could be found in the dentate gyrus （DG）, whereas few viral antigens were present in the DG from specimens that had been infected with the aG strain. Conclusion A comprehensive sequence analysis of the G protein suggested that differences in gene sequences may be responsible for producing strain-specific differences in pathogenicity and distribution in the brain.

关键词： Rabies Virus Pathogenicity Distribution Glycoprotein

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Livestock breeding for the 21st century: the promise of the editing revolution

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2020年第2期7卷 129-135页

作者： Chris PROUDFOOT Gus mCFARLANE Bruce WHITELAW simon LILLICO The Roslin Institute and Royal(Dick)School of Veterinary Studies University of EdinburghEaster BushMidlothianEH259RGUK

In recent years there has been a veritable explosion in the use of genome editors to create sitespecific changes,both in vitro and in vivo,to the genomes of a multitude of species for both basic research and ***,which form a vital component of most societies,are no *** selective breeding has been hugely successful at enhancing some production traits,the rate of progress is often slow and is limited to variants that exist within the breeding *** editing provides the potential to move traits between breeds,in a single generation,with no impact on existing productivity or to develop de novo phenotypes that tackle intractable issues such as *** such,genome editors provide huge potential for ongoing livestock development programs in light of increased demand and disease *** review will highlight some of the more notable agricultural applications of this technology in livestock.

关键词： cattle pig sheep chicken aquaculture CRISPR

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Acceptability of an adjunct equine-assisted activities and therapies program for veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder and/or traumatic brain injury

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Journal of Integrative medicine 2020年第2期18卷 169-173页

作者： Louisa Sylvia Emerson West Allyson m.Blackburn Carina Gupta Eric Bui Tara mahoney Geraldine Duncan Edward C.Wright simon Lejeune Thomas J.Spencer Home Base:A Red Sox Foundation and massachusetts General Hospital Program Massachusetts General HospitalCharlestownMA 02129USA Harvard medical School BostonMA 02115USA Dauten Family Center for Bipolar Treatment Innovation Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMA 02114USA Equine Immersion ProgramsTm USA Pediatric Psychopharmacology and Adult ADHD Program Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMA 02114USA

Objective: Equine-assisted activities and therapies(EAATs) have been a growing adjunctive integrative health modality, as they allow participants to practice mindfulness, emotional regulation, and self-mastery or self-esteem building skills. Preliminary evidence suggests that these programs may be helpful in reducing posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD), anxiety, and depressive symptoms. The current study examines the acceptability of integrating an EAAT program as part of a two-week, intensive clinical program for veterans with PTSD and/or traumatic brain injury(TBI).methods: A family member or support person could accompany veterans and participate in the *** hundred and six participants(veteran n = 62, family n = 44) left the urban environment in an intensive outpatient program(IOP) to attend a two-day, weekend EAAT in rural New Hampshire. Satisfaction surveys were conducted on the last day of the program and examined using thematic ***: The following themes were reported in the surveys: ability of horses to catalyze emotional rehabilitation, effectiveness of immersion in equine-assisted activities, program’s ability to foster interpersonal relationships and necessity of education about PTSD for staff. Participants also reported enjoying the program as highlighted by qualitative feedback, a mean score of 9.76(standard deviation[SD] = 0.61) as reported by veterans and a mean score of 9.91(SD = 0.29) as reported by family members on a 10-point visual analog scale with higher scores indicating a greater overall ***: These data offer preliminary evidence that an adjunct EAAT program is acceptable for veterans with PTSD and/or TBI participating in an IOP.

关键词： Posttraumatic stress disorder military personnel Traumatic brain injury Complementary and alternative medicine Equine-assisted therapy

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Faraday effect measurements of holmium oxide(Ho2O3) ceramics-based magneto-optical materials

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2018年第1期6卷 7-12页

作者： David Vojna Ryo Yasuhara Hiroaki Furuse Ondrej Slezak simon Hutchinson Antonio Lucianetti Tomas mocek miroslav Cech Hi LASE Centre Institute of Physics Czech Academy of Sciences Za Radnici 828 Dolni Brezany 252 41 Czech Republic National Institute for Fusion Science National Institutes of Natural Sciences 322-6 Oroshi-cho Toki Gifu 509-5292 Japan Kitami Institute of Technology 165 Koen-cho Kitami Hokkaido Japan Department of Physical Electronics Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering Czech Technical University in PragueBrehova 7 Prague 115 19 Czech Republic

Faraday effect measurements of holmium oxide(Ho_2O_3) ceramics-based magneto-optical materials, highly potential material candidates for high-energy laser Faraday isolators, are presented in this paper. Temperature dependence of the Verdet constant of nondoped Ho_2O_3 ceramics was measured for temperatures 15–305 K at 1.064 μm *** Verdet constant dispersion for wavelengths 0.5–1 μm and 1.064 μm was measured for both nondoped Ho_2O_3 ceramics and Ho_2O_3 ceramics doped with terbium Tb3+(0.2 at. %) and cerium Ce3+(0.1 at. %) ions. The results suggest that the relatively low level of doping of Ho_2O_3 with these ions has no significant boosting impact on the Faraday effect. Therefore, other compositions of Ho_2O_3 ceramics-based magneto-optical materials, as well as various doping concentrations, should be further examined.

关键词： Faraday effect magneto-optics optical materials

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Neonatal lamb mortality:major risk factors and the potential ameliorative role of melatonin

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第2期12卷 451-461页

作者： Tom Flinn David O.Kleemann Alyce m.Swinbourne Jennifer m.Kelly Alice C.Weaver simon K.Walker Kathryn L.Gatford Karen L.Kind William H.E.J.van Wettere Davies Livestock Research Centre School of Animal and Veterinary SciencesThe University of AdelaideRoseworthySAAustralia Turretfield Research Centre South Australian Research and Development InstituteRosedaleSAAustralia Robinson Research Institute Adelaide Medical SchoolThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia

High incidences of pre-weaning mortality continue to limit global sheep production,constituting a major economic and welfare *** significant advances in genetics,nutrition,and management,the proportion of lamb deaths has remained stable at 15–20%over the past four *** is mounting evidence that melatonin can improve outcomes in compromised ovine pregnancies via enhanced uterine bloodflow and neonatal *** review provides an overview of the major risk factors and underlying mechanisms involved in perinatal lamb mortality and discusses the potential of melatonin treatment as a remedial *** pregnant ewes with melatonin enhances uterine bloodflow and fetal oxygenation,and potentially birthweight and neonatal thermogenic *** freely crosses the ovine placenta and blood-brain barrier and provides neuroprotection to the fetal lamb during periods of chronic and acute hypoxia throughout gestation,with improved behavioural outcomes in hypoxic *** current literature provides strong evidence that maternal melatonin treatment improves outcomes for lambs which experience compromised in utero development or prolonged parturition,though to date this has not been investigated in livestock production *** such there is a clear basis for continued research into the effects of maternal melatonin supplementation during gestation on pre-weaning survival under extensive production conditions.

关键词： Lamb survival melatonin Neonatal mortality Reproduction Sheep

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Thermal evolution of an ancient subduction interface revealed by Lue Hf garnet geochronology, Halilba■? Complex(Anatolia)

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第1期10卷 127-148页

作者： Amaury Pourteau Erik E.Scherer simon Schorn Rebecca Bast Alexander Schmidt Lisa Ebert Institut für Erd- und Umweltwissenschaften Universit?t Potsdam Earth Dynamics Research Group ARC Centre of Excellence for Core to Crust Fluid Systems (CCFS) The Institute for Geoscience Research (TIGeR) School of Earth and Planetary Sciences Curtin University münster Isotope Research Centre Institut für Mineralogie Westf?lische Wilhelms-Universit?t Münster Department of Geological Sciences University of Cape Town Institut für Geologie und mineralogie Universit?t zu K?ln

The thermal structure of subduction zones exerts a major influence on deep-seated mechanical and chemical processes controlling arc magmatism, seismicity, and global element cycles. Accretionary complexes exposed inland may comprise tectonic blocks with contrasting pressureetemperature(Pe T)histories, making it possible to investigate the dynamics and thermal evolution of former subduction interfaces. With this aim, we present new Lue Hf geochronological results for mafic rocks of the Halilbag?Complex(Anatolia) that evolved along different thermal gradients. Samples include a lawsoniteeepidote blueschist, a lawsoniteeepidote eclogite, and an epidote eclogite(all with counter-clockwise Pe T paths),a prograde lawsonite blueschist with a "hairpin"-type Pe T path, and a garnet amphibolite from the overlying sub-ophiolitic metamorphic sole. Equilibrium phase diagrams suggest that the garnet amphibolite formed at w0.6 -0.7 GPa and 800 -850℃, whereas the prograde lawsonite blueschist records burial from 2.1 GPa and 420℃ to 2.6 GPa and 520℃. Well-defined Lue Hf isochrons were obtained for the epidote eclogite(92.38 ± 0.22 ma) and the lawsoniteeepidote blueschist(90.19 ± 0.54 ma),suggesting rapid garnet growth. The lawsoniteeepidote eclogite(87.30 ± 0.39 ma) and the prograde lawsonite blueschist(ca. 86 ma) are younger, whereas the garnet amphibolite(104.5 ± 3.5 ma) is *** data reveal a consistent trend of progressively decreasing geothermal gradient from granulite-facies conditions at ~104 ma to the epidote-eclogite facies around 92 ma, and the lawsonite blueschist-facies between 90 ma and 86 ma. Three Lue Hf garnet dates(between 92 ma and 87 ma) weighted toward the growth of post-peak rims(as indicated by Lu distribution in garnet) suggest that the HP/LT rocks were exhumed continuously and not episodically. We infer that HP/LT metamorphic rocks within the Halilbag?Complex were subjected to continuous return flow, with "warm" rocks being exhumed during the tectonic bur

关键词： Subduction Lu/Hf dating of garnet metamorphic sole Eclogite Blueschist Lawsonite

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machine learning models compared to existing criteria for noninvasive prediction of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography-confirmed choledocholithiasis

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Liver Research 2021年第4期5卷 224-231页

作者： Camellia Dalai John m Azizian Harry Trieu Anand Rajan Formosa C Chen Tien Dong simon W Beaven James H.Tabibian UCLA-Olive View Internal medicine Residency Program Department of MedicineOlive View-UCLA Medical CenterSylmarCAUSA Keck School of medicine University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA Department of Surgery David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCAUSA Vatche and Tamar manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCAUSA Division of Gastroenterology Department of MedicineOlive View-UCLA Medical CenterSylmarCAUSA

Background and aims:Noninvasive predictors of choledocholithiasis have generally exhibited marginal performance *** aimed to identify noninvasive independent predictors of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)-confirmed choledocholithiasis and accordingly developed predictive machine learning models(mLms).methods:Clinical data of consecutive patients undergoing first-ever ERCP for suspected chol-edocholithiasis from 2015 to 2019 were abstracted from a prospectively-maintained *** logistic regression was used to identify predictors of ERCP-confirmed *** were then trained to predict ERCP-confirmed choledocholithiasis using pre-ERCP ultrasound(US)imaging only as well as using all available noninvasive imaging(US,computed tomography,and/or magnetic reso-nance cholangiopancreatography).The diagnostic performance of American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy(ASGE)“high-likelihood”criteria was compared to ***:We identified 270 patients(mean age 46 years,62.2%female,73.7%Hispanic/Latino,59%with noninvasive imaging positive for choledocholithiasis)with native papilla who underwent ERCP for suspected choledocholithiasis,of whom 230(85.2%)were found to have ERCP-confirmed *** regression identified choledocholithiasis on noninvasive imaging(odds ratio(OR)¼3.045,P¼0.004)and common bile duct(CBD)diameter on noninvasive imaging(OR¼1.157,P¼0.011)as predictors of ERCP-confirmed *** the various mLms trained,the random forest-based mLm performed best;sensitivity was 61.4%and 77.3%and specificity was 100%and 75.0%,using US-only and using all available imaging,*** high-likelihood criteria demonstrated sensitivity of 90.9%and specificity of 25.0%;using cut-points achieving this specificity,mLms achieved sensitivity up to 97.7%.Conclusions:mLms using age,sex,race/ethnicity,presence of diabetes,fever,body mass index(BmI),total bilirubin,maximum CBD di

关键词： machine learning models(mLms) Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) Noninvasive imaging Bile duct disorders Common bile duct stones Gallstones

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A Comparative Study of medium Access Control Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks

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International Journal of Communications, Network and System Sciences 2009年第8期2卷 695-703页

作者： meghan GUNN simon G. m. KOO 不详

One of the major constraints in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is power consumption. In recent years, a lot of efforts have been put into the design of medium access control (mAC) protocols for WSN, in order to reduce energy consumption and enhance the network’s lifetime. In this paper, we surveyed some mAC protocols for WSN and compared their design tradeoffs. The goal is to provide a foundation for future mAC design, and to identify important design issues that allow us to improve the overall performances.

关键词： Wireless Networks Sensor Networks Performance Evaluation

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