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The essence of bidirectional programming

Science China(Information Sciences) 2015年第5期58卷 76-96页

作者： fischer sebastian HU ZhenJiang PACHECO Hugo Department of Computing Science Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel Information Systems Architecture Research Division National Institute of Informatics Department of Informatics The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI) School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science Peking University Department of Computer Science Cornell University

Bidirectional transformations(BXs), programs with a forward transformation and a backward transformation that maintain consistency between input and output, are routinely written in ways that do not let programmers specify their behavior completely. Several bidirectional programming languages exist to aid programmers in writing BXs with increased maintainability but decreased expressiveness. Such languages allow programmers to write BXs as one program for both directions, which is easier to maintain than separate programs for each direction. However, the maintainability provided by existing bidirectional languages comes at the cost of expressiveness because the ambiguity of synchronization is solved by default strategies which are hidden from programmers. The programmers’ inability to influence synchronization strategies has led to the proposal of a vast number of approaches that consider tailor-made synchronization strategies for particular *** this paper, we argue that such ambiguity is essential for BX and advocate that the synchronization strategy should not be hidden from programmers but considered from the start. We propose a novel approach to specifying so-called well-behaved bidirectional programs by their backward transformations, capable of expressing all aspects of a BX while retaining maintainability. Soundness of our approach results from a systematic analysis, based on existing mathematical concepts, of the instrumental laws of well-behaved BXs. We show that well-behaved BXs are uniquely determined by their backward transformations and corresponding forward transformations can be obtained for free.

关键词： bidirectional transformation software adaption and coevolution bidirectional programming

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A Heterodyne Interferometer with Separated Beam Paths for High-Precision Displacement and Angular Measurements

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Nanomanufacturing and Metrology 2021年第3期4卷 200-207页

作者： Guido Straube Juan sebastian fischer Calderon Ingo Ortlepp Roland FuBl Eberhard Manske Technische Universitat Ilmenau EhrenbergstraBe 2998693 IlmenauGermany

As standard concepts for precision positioning within a machine reach their limits with increasing measurement volumes,inverse concepts are a promising approach for addressing this *** inverse principle entails other limitations,as for high-precision positioning of a sensor head within a large measurement volume,three four-beam interferometers are required in order to measure all necessary translations and rotations of the sensor head and reconstruct the topography of the reference system consisting of fixed mirrors in the x-,y-,and *** present the principle of a passive heterodyne laser interferometer with consequently separated beam paths for the individual heterodyne *** beam path design is illustrated and described,as well as the design of the signal-processing and evaluation algorithm,which is implemented using a System-On-a-Chip with an integrated FPGA,CPU,and A/D converters.A streamlined bench-top optical assembly was set up and measurements were carried out to investigate the remaining ***,reference measurements with a commercial homodyne interferometer were executed.

关键词： Heterodyne laser interferometer He-Ne laser Optical fiber coupling Beat frequency Non-linearities

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Evaluation of Multiparametric MRI of the Prostate: Impact of Standardized Examination Protocols and the Endorectal Coil

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Open Journal of Medical Imaging 2020年第1期10卷 30-41页

作者： Finn Rampoldt Frank Huebner Stephan Zangos Andreas Bucher Jan-Erik Scholtz Moritz Kaup sebastian fischer Thomas J. Vogl Boris Bodelle Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Goethe University of Frankfurt Frankfurt Germany

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the patient population, different MRI examination protocols and the patient’s acceptance of the endorectal coil in the diagnosis of prostate cancer regarding the current discussion in PI-RADS v2.1. Material and Methods: In our institute, 256 patients were examined with different protocols and separated into six groups. The value of the different MRI protocols was identified by analyzing sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value and positive predictive value. The patient population was tested for statistically significant differences in their characteristics to detect a distortion of the results. The patients’ acceptance of endorectal coil was evaluated by a query. Results: In total 4.7% of the patients would not recommend a MRI examination because of subjective physical strain and 65.6% of all patients subjectively saw a benefit in the examination in regard to an optimal diagnostic process. The protocol groups reached a sensitivity from 66.7% - 100%, a specificity from 40% - 75%, a positive predictive value from 33.3% - 80% and a negative predictive value from 66.7% - 100%. Conclusion: MRI of the prostate is a safe and comfortable tool with high sensitivity and negative predictive value and the potential of ruling out a clinically significant prostate cancer. However, a general recommendation for the use of biparametric MRI could not be given, considering a higher sensitivity could be performed when using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI or spectroscopy.

关键词： Prostate Imaging Prostate Cancer Multiparametricmri

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Experimental proof of Joule heating-induced switched-back regions in OLEDs

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Light(Science & Applications) 2020年第1期9卷 1951-1960页

作者： Anton Kirch Axel fischer Matthias Liero Jurgen Fuhrmann Annegret Glitzky sebastian Reineke Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials(IAPP)and Institute of Applied Physics Technische Universitat DresdenNothnitzer StraBe 6101187 DresdenGermany Weierstrass Institute Berlin MohrenstraBe 3910117 BerlinGermany

Organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs)have become a major pixel technology in the display sector,with products spanning the entire range of current panel *** ability to freely scale the active area to large and random surfaces paired with flexible substrates provides additional application scenarios for OLEDs in the general lighting,automotive,and signage *** applications require higher brightness and,thus,current density operation compared to the specifications needed for general *** extended transparent electrodes pose a significant ohmic resistance,OLEDs suffering from Joule self-heating exhibit spatial inhomogeneities in electrical potential,current density,and hence *** this article,we provide experimental proof of the theoretical prediction that OLEDs will display regions of decreasing luminance with increasing driving *** a two-dimensional OLED model,we can conclude that these regions are switched back locally in voltage as well as current due to insufficient lateral thermal ***,we demonstrate this effect in lab-scale devices and derive that it becomes more severe with increasing pixel size,which implies its significance for large-area,high-brightness use cases of ***,these non-linear switching effects cannot be ignored with respect to the long-term operation and stability of OLEDs;in particular,they might be important for the understanding of sudden-death scenarios.

关键词： OLEDs switched proof

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The carbon fluxes in different successional stages:modelling the dynamics of tropical montane forests in South Ecuador

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Forest Ecosystems 2017年第2期4卷 143-153页

作者： sebastian paulick claudia dislich jürgen homeier rico fischer andreas huth Department of Ecological Modelling Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZPermoserstr1504318 LeipzigGermany Georg-August-University Gottingen Plant EcologyUntere KarspOle 237073 GottingenGermany University of Osnabriick Institute of Environmental Systems ResearchBarbarastr1249076 OsnabruckGermany iDiv German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research(iDiv)Halle-Jena-LeipzigDeutscher Platz 5e04103 LeipzigGermany

Background： Tropical forests play an important role in the global carbon（C） ***, tropical montane forests have been studied less than tropical lowland forests, and their role in carbon storage is not well *** forests are highly endangered due to logging, land-use and climate *** objective was to analyse how the carbon balance changes during forest ***： In this study, we used a method to estimate local carbon balances that combined forest inventory data with process-based forest *** utilised such a forest model to study the carbon balance of a tropical montane forest in South Ecuador, comparing two topographical slope positions（ravines and lower slopes vs upper slopes and ridges）.Results： The simulation results showed that the forest acts as a carbon sink with a maximum net ecosystem exchange（NEE） of 9.3 Mg C？（ha？yr）-1during its early successional stage（0–100 years）.In the late successional stage, the simulated NEE fluctuated around zero and had a variation of 0.77 Mg C？（ha？yr）–*** simulated variability of the NEE was within the range of the field *** discovered several forest attributes（e.g., basal area or the relative amount of pioneer trees） that can serve as predictors for NEE for young forest stands（0–100 years） but not for those in the late successional stage（500–1,000 years）.In case of young forest stands these correlations are high, especially between stand basal area and ***： In this study, we used an Ecuadorian study site as an example of how to successfully link a forest model with forest inventory data, for estimating stem-diameter distributions, biomass and aboveground net primary *** conclude, this study shows that process-based forest models can be used to investigate the carbon balance of tropical montane *** this model it is possible to find hidden relationships between forest attributes and forest carbon *** relationships promote a better understandin

关键词： Forest model Tropical montane forest Forest succession Carbon balance Forest productivity FORMIND

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Wetting Behaviour of Glasses on Nanostructured Silicon Surfaces

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Journal of Electrical Engineering 2015年第1期3卷 15-20页

作者： sebastian Gropp Michael fischer Lars Dittrich Beate Capraro Jens Mtiller Martin Hoffmann Technische Universitat Ilmenau IMN MacroNano PF 100565 Ilmenau 98694 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems Hermsdorf 1 07629 Germany

The behavior of molten glass on nanostructured silicon surface is of essential importance for the fabrication of a strong bond interface between glass （or glass-based ceramic tapes） and silicon. It was found that typical glasses do not wet the silicon surface that is always coated with a thin silica layer. It is shown that the high surface tension of molten glasses at high temperatures in combination with the dewetting surface of the structured silicon prohibits the formation of an interlocking bond between the two substrates. The theory of wetting can be applied to molten glasses, too. As a consequence, a similar solution as for liquids is investigated： the surface has to be chemically modified to become wettable. Investigations with sputtered metals on the nanostructured silicon improve wetting of the surface and result in a better bond homogeneity of the SiCer compound during sintering with low pressure.

关键词： SiCer silicon-on-ceramics LTCC wetting behaviour pressure-assisted sintering process.

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Fault Handling in PLC-Based Industry 4.0 Automated Production Systems as a Basis for Restart and Self-Configuration and Its Evaluation

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2016年第1期9卷 1-43页

作者： Birgit Vogel-Heuser Susanne Rösch Juliane fischer Thomas Simon sebastian Ulewicz Jens Folmer Institute of Automation and Information Systems Technische Universitat München Munich Germany

Industry 4.0 and Cyber Physical Production Systems (CPPS) are often discussed and partially already sold. One important feature of CPPS is fault tolerance and as a consequence self-configuration and restart to increase Overall Equipment Effectiveness. To understand this challenge at first the state of the art of fault handling in industrial automated production systems (aPS) is discussed as a result of a case study analysis in eight companies developing aPS. In the next step, metrics to evaluate the concept of self-configuration and restart for aPS focusing on real-time capabilities, fault coverage and effort to increase fault coverage are proposed. Finally, two different lab size case studies prove the applicability of the concepts of self-configuration, restart and the proposed metrics.

关键词： Industry 4.0 Automated Production System OEE Metrics Recovery Restart Fault Handling

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National Forest Inventories capture the multifunctionality of managed forests in Germany

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Forest Ecosystems 2021年第1期8卷 50-68页

作者： Nadja K.Simons María R.Felipe-Lucia Peter Schall Christian Ammer Jürgen Bauhus Nico Blüthgen Steffen Boch François Buscot Markus fischer Kezia Goldmann Martin M.Gossner Falk Hänsel Kirsten Jung Peter Manning Thomas Nauss Yvonne Oelmann Rodica Pena Andrea Polle Swen C.Renner Michael Schloter Ingo Schöning Ernst-Detlef Schulze Emily F.Solly Elisabeth Sorkau Barbara Stempfhuber Tesfaye Wubet Jörg Müller sebastian Seibold Wolfgang W.Weisser Terrestrial Ecology Research Group Technische Universität MünchenHans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 285354 FreisingGermany Present address:Ecological Networks Technische Universität DarmstadtSchnittspahnstraße 364287 DarmstadtGermany Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ Department of Ecosystem ServicesDeutscher Platz 5e04103 LeipzigGermany Present address:German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research(iDiv)Halle-Jena-Leipzig Deutscher Platz 5e04103 LeipzigGermany Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones University of GöttingenBüsgenweg 137077 GöttingenGermany Centre for Biodiversity and Sustainable Land-use University of GöttingenBüsgenweg 137073 GöttingenGermany Chair of Silviculture Faculty of Environment and Natural ResourcesUniversity of FreiburgTennenbacherstr.479106 FreiburgGermany Ecological Networks Technische Universität DarmstadtSchnittspahnstraße 364287 DarmstadtGermany Institute of Plant Sciences University of BernAltenbergrain 213013 BernSwitzerland Biodiversity and Conservation Biology WSL Swiss Federal Research InstituteZürcherstrasse 1118903 BirmensdorfSwitzerland Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ Department of Soil EcologyTheodor-Lieser-Straße 406120 Halle(Saale)Germany German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research(iDiv)Halle-Jena-Leipzig Deutscher Platz 5e04103 LeipzigGermany Forest Entomology WSL Swiss Federal Research InstituteZürcherstrasse 1118903 BirmensdorfSwitzerland Department of Environmental Systems Science Institute of Terrestrial EcosystemsETH ZürichUniversitätstr 168092 ZürichSwitzerland Environmental Informatics University of MarburgDeutschhausstraße 1235032 MarburgGermany Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics Ulm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189069 UlmGermany Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre Senckenberganlage 2560325 Frankfurt am MainGermany Geoecology University of TübingenRümelinstraße 19-2372070 TübingenGermany Present address:Department of Sustaina

Background:Forests perform various important ecosystem functions that contribute to ecosystem *** many parts of the world,forest management has shifted from a focus on timber production to multi-purpose forestry,combining timber production with the supply of other forest ecosystem ***,it is unclear which forest types provide which ecosystem services and to what extent forests primarily managed for timber already supply multiple ecosystem *** on a comprehensive dataset collected across 150 forest plots in three regions differing in management intensity and species composition,we develop models to predict the potential supply of 13 ecosystem *** use those models to assess the level of multifunctionality of managed forests at the national level using national forest inventory ***:Looking at the potential supply of ecosystem services,we found trade-offs(*** both bark beetle control or dung decomposition and both productivity or soil carbon stocks)as well as synergies(*** temperature regulation,carbon storage and culturally interesting plants)across the 53 most dominant forest types in *** single forest type provided all ecosystem services *** ecosystem services showed comparable levels across forest types(*** or richness of saprotrophs),while others varied strongly,depending on forest structural attributes(*** availability or cover of edible plants)or tree species composition(*** nitrification activity).Variability in potential supply of ecosystem services was only to a lesser extent driven by environmental ***,the geographic variation in ecosystem function supply across Germany was closely linked with the distribution of main tree ***:Our results show that forest multifunctionality is limited to subsets of ecosystem *** importance of tree species composition highlights that a lack of multifunctionality at the stand lev

关键词： Ecosystem processes and services Forest management Structural diversity Tree species composition Trade-offs and synergies Forest productivity

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Hepatitis C Virus Infection Sensitizes Human Hepatocytes to TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis in a Caspase 9-Dependent Manner1

Hepatitis C Virus Infection Sensitizes Human Hepatocytes to ...

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病毒性肝炎慢性化、重症化基础与临床研究进展学术会议

作者： sebastian Gorke Sibylle J.Rau Mirjam B.Zeisel Eberhard Hildt Kiyoshi Himmelsbach Monica Carvajal-Yepes Roman Huber Takaji Wakita Annette Schmitt-Graeff Cathy Royer Hubert E.Blum Richard fischer Thomas F.Baumert Department of infectious disease Southwest hospital of Third Military Medical University Department of infectious disease Southwest hospital of Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038 China

Apoptosis of infected cells represents a key host defense mechanism against viral *** impact of apoptosis on the elimination of hepatitis C virus(HCV)-infected cells is poorly *** TRAIL has been implicated in the death of liver cells in hepatitis-infected but not in normal liver *** determine the impact of TRAIL on apoptosis of virus-infected host cells,we studied TRAIL-induced apoptosis in a tissue culture model system for HCV *** demonstrated that HCV infection sensitizes primary human hepatocytes and Huh7.5 hepatoma cells to TRAIL induced apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent *** studies identified the HCV nonstructural proteins as key mediators of sensitization to *** a panel of inhibitors targeting different apoptosis pathways,we demonstrate that sensitization to TRAIL is caspase-9 dependent and mediated in part via the mitochondrial *** of hepatocytes to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by HCV infection represents a novel antiviral host defense mechanism that may have important implications for the pathogenesis of HCV infection and may contribute to the elimination of virus-infected hepatocytes.

关键词： HCV Caspase Hepatitis C Virus Infection Sensitizes Human Hepatocytes to TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis in a Caspase 9-Dependent Manner1

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Hepatitis C Virus Infection Sensitizes Human Hepatocytes to TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis in a Caspase 9-Dependent Manner1

Hepatitis C Virus Infection Sensitizes Human Hepatocytes to ...

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第五届国际暨全国肝衰竭与人工肝学术会议

作者： sebastian Gorke Sibylle J.Rau Mirjam B.Zeisel Eberhard Hildt Kiyoshi Himmelsbach Monica Carvajal-Yepes Roman Huber Takaji Wakita Annette Schmitt-Craeff Cathy Royer Hubert E.Blum Richard fischer Thomas F.Baumert Department of infectious disease Southwest hospital of Third Military Medical University

＜正＞Apoptosis of infected cells represents a key host defense mechanism against viral *** impact of apoptosis on the elimination of hepatitis C virus（HCV）-infected cells is poorly *** TRAIL has been implicated in ...

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