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Reactions of Maruca Resistant Transgenic Cowpea to Cowpea Aphid-Borne Mosaic Virus

Agricultural Sciences 2024年第7期15卷 742-753页

作者： Mounyratou Rabo Moustapha Ouédraogo Orokia Coulibaly Assita traoré-Barro salimata traoré Teyioue Benoit Joseph Batieno Chantal Kaboré-Zoungrana Aboubacar Toguyeni Oumar traoré Laboratoire National de Bioscurit Agence Nationale de Bioscurit (ANB) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Institut de lEnvironnement et Recherches Agricoles Dpartement Productions Vgtales Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire dEtudes et de Recherches sur les Ressources Naturelles et les Sciences de lEnvironnement (LERNSE) Universit Nazi BONI Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Laboratoire De Gntique et Amlioration Des Plantes (LAGAMEP) Institut de lEnvironnement et Recherches Agricoles Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire De Protection et Dfense Des Cultures (LAPRODEC) Institut de lEnvironnement et Recherches Agricoles Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. [Walp.]) in one of the main grain legumes contributing to food security and poverty alleviation in Sub-Saharan Africa. To control the highly damaging legume pod borer Maruca vitrata F., transgenic cowpea lines expressing the insecticidal Cry1Ab Bt protein were developed. In this study, we evaluated the impact of Cry1Ab transgene expression on the susceptibility of four cowpea lines (named IT97K-T, IT98K-T, Gourgou-T and Nafi-T) and their respective non-transgenic near isogenic lines (IT97K, IT98K, Gourgou and Nafi) to Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV) in greenhouse conditions. In a preliminary quality control test by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the presence of Cry1Ab protein in transgenic seed lots ranged from 59% to 72%, with no significant differences among the lines (χ2 = 3.26;p = 0.35). Upon virus inoculation, all cowpea lines exhibited mosaic symptoms with similar severity between 7- and 11-day post-inoculation. No significant differences were observed in symptom severity. Significant differences were found between cowpea lines for time of symptom onset, virus accumulation in plants and days to 50% flowering. However, while comparing pairs of transgenic lines and corresponding non-transgenic lines, virus accumulation showed not significant differences whatever the pair. Time of symptom onset and days to 50% flowering did not also differ significantly between pairs of cowpea lines except Nafi/Nafi-T in which transgenic Nafi-T showed earlier symptoms (7.4 ± 0.7 vs. 8.9 ± 0.8 days post-inoculation) and shorter flowering time (37.3 ± 0.6 vs. 42 ± 1.7 days after sowing). Overall, these findings improve our understanding of the effects of Cry1Ab gene mediated genetic modification on cowpea infection by Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus, with potential implications for environmental safety assessment.

关键词： Cowpea Cry1Ab Cowpea Aphid-Borne Mosaic Virus Environmental Safety

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Characterization of Seed Storage Proteins in Eight Bambara Groundnut Landraces in Burkina Faso

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Agricultural Sciences 2023年第9期14卷 1268-1276页

作者： Assita traoré-Barro Emmanuel A. M. Thiombiano Karidiatou Gnankambary Mounyratou Rabo Orokia Coulibaly salimata traoré Oumar traoré Laboratoire National de Biosécurité Agence Nationale de Biosécurité Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Chimie Appliquée Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Génétique et amélioration des plantes (LAGAMEP) Institut de l’Environnement et Recherches Agricoles Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de protection et défense des cultures (LAPRODEC) Institut de l’Environnement et Recherches Agricoles Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

The Bambara groundnut Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc. is a drought-resistant indigenous African grain legume with significant nutritional and agronomic potential. This study aimed to characterize the seed storage proteins of eight Bambara groundnut landraces. Seeds of Bambara groundnut landraces were collected from local markets in Burkina Faso, and total soluble protein as well as protein fractions were extracted. Crude protein content was determined by the Kjeldahl method, and soluble proteins were quantified using Bradford dye binding assay. The average crude protein content of the seeds was found to be 18.46%, with variations ranging from 17.69% to 19.17% among the different landraces. Most of the protein content was soluble, constituting approximately 87.04% of the total crude protein. Albumin fraction was the most dominant, representing about 95.42% of the total soluble proteins. The globulin, prolamin and glutelin fractions accounted for 1.82%, 0.13% and 1.17% of the soluble proteins, respectively. The findings provide valuable insights into the protein composition of Bambara groundnut landraces and contribute to our understanding of its nutritional potential, laying the groundwork for further research on crop improvement and sustainable agriculture practices.

关键词： Bambara Groundnut Landraces Protein Protein Fractions

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Protein Profiles of Pod Borer Maruca Resistant Transgenic Cowpea

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2023年第12期14卷 1453-1463页

作者： Mounyratou Rabo Teyioue Benoit Joseph Batieno Assita traoré-Barro salimata traoré Orokia Coulibaly Aboubacar Toguyeni Chantal Kaboré-Zoungrana Oumar traoré Laboratoire National de Biosécurité Agence Nationale de Biosécurité (ANB) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Institut de l’Environnement et Recherches Agricoles Département Productions Végétales Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire d’Etudes et de Recherches sur les Ressources Naturelles et les Sciences de l’Environnement (LERNSE) Université Nazi BONI Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Génétique et amélioration des plantes (LAGAMEP) Institut de l’Environnement et Recherches Agricoles Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de protection et défense des cultures (LAPRODEC) Institut de l’Environnement et Recherches Agricoles Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

The grain legume cowpea Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. is a major protein source used for food and feed in Sub-Saharan Africa. The crop is affected by the pod borer Maruca vitrata against which transgenic lines were developed as part of the genetic control approach. This study aimed to assess the protein profiles in seeds and leaves of transgenic cowpea lines and their non-transgenic near-isogenic counterparts. Crude protein content was determined by the Kjeldahl method, and soluble proteins were quantified using Bradford dye binding assay. The average crude protein content ranged between 21.61% and 26.58% in the seeds and between 10.86% and 17.90% in the leaves. Total solubility varied between 13.03% and 20.64%. Osborne’s protein fractions contents in the seeds were 52.41% - 69.52% (albumin), 4.62% - 7.19% (globulin), 7.95% - 11.40% (glutelin) and 3% - 4% (prolamin). In any case, protein content differed significantly between cowpea genotypes but not between pairs of transgenic/non-transgenic lines. Insecticidal Cry1Ab protein expressed by transgenic lines was only detected in the albumin and globulin fractions. Altogether, these findings enhance our understanding of the effects of genetic modification on cowpea protein content and composition, with potential implications for nutritional and safety assessments.

关键词： Cowpea Protein Cry1Ab Protein Fractions

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Contribution of High Sensible C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP) in the Assessment of the Risk of Onset of Type 2 Diabetes and Its Cardiovascular Complications

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Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 2024年第2期14卷 95-107页

作者： Maïmouna Touré Léopold Ngor Sène Jean Pierre Diagne Demba Diédhiou Souleymane Thiam Abdou Khadir Sow Mor Diaw Aïssatou Seck salimata Diagne Houndjo Abdoulaye Ba Abdoulaye Samb Fatou Diallo-Agne Modou Oumy Kane Laboratoire de Physiologie et d’ Explorations Fonctionnelles Physiologiques Facult&#233 de M&#233decine de Pharmacie et d&#8217OdontoStomatologie (FMPOS) Universit&#233 Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD) Dakar S&#233n&#233gal IRL3189 &#8220Environnement Sant&#233 Soci&#233t&#233&#8221 CNRS CNRST Bamako-UCAD Facult&#233 de M&#233decine de Pharmacie et d&#8217OdontoStomatologie (FMPOS) Universit&#233 Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD) Dakar S&#233n&#233gal Laboratoire Privé de Biologie General Kaolack S&#233n&#233gal Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Abasse Ndao Universit&#233 Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD) Dakar S&#233n&#233gal Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie molé culaire Facult&#233 de M&#233decine de Pharmacie et d&#8217OdontoStomatologie (FMPOS) Universit&#233 Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD) Dakar S&#233n&#233gal Laboratoire de Physiologie Pharmaceutique Facult&#233 de M&#233decine de Pharmacie et d'OdontoStomatologie (FMPOS) Universit&#233 Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD) Dakar S&#233n&#233gal

Background: Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. The latter plays an essential role in inflammation by stimulating the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines or by increasing their secretion by an oxidative mechanism. These cytokines control the hepatic synthesis of an inflammatory protein called C-Reactive Protein (CRP). High or average values of CRP would have a predictive value of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. The relationship between low CRP values and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and its cardiovascular complications is not sufficiently studied. The hsCRP could serve as a predictive biomarker of risk of onset, follow-up and prognosis for type 2 diabetes and its cardiovascular complications. To answer this problem, we conducted this study, the aim of which was to study the predictive role of hsCRP in the risk of occurrence of type 2 diabetes and its cardiovascular complications. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective and cross-sectional case-control study involving 200 participants including 100 control women and 100 women with type 2 diabetes (mean age was respectively 49.89 years ± 8.26 & 51.92 years ± 7.18;p = 0.066). The interviews were conducted on the basis of a questionnaire. Physical examination collected biometric data and cardiovascular constants. The biochemical parameters such as hsCRP were analyzed by an automated Abbott device. Results: We noted that hsCRP was significantly higher in type 2 diabetic subjects compared to control subjects (p (rho = 0.40, p systolic blood pressure (rho = 0.30, p = 0.003), diastolic blood pressure (rho = 0.28, p = 0.006), total body fat (rho = 0.48, p Conclusion: hsCRP has a prognostic value in the evaluation of cardiovascular risk. It seems to play an important role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its cardiovascular complications. It could thus be considered as a biomarker for the screening, monitoring and prognosis of type 2

关键词： hsCRP Biomarker Inflammation Type 2 Diabetes

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Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of 63 Children with Myelomeningoceles

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Open Journal of Modern Neurosurgery 2021年第2期11卷 59-64页

作者： Youssouf Sogoba Seybou Hassane Diallo Issa Amadou Boubacar Sogoba Moussa Diallo Benoi Kamaté Daouda Mariko Coulibaly Oumar Quenum Kisito Hawa Diall Leonie Diakité salimata Diallo Belco Maiga Fousseyni traoré Karamoko Sacko Oumar Diallo Drissa Kanikomo Youssoufa Maiga Department of Neurosurgery H&#244 pital Gabriel Touré Bamako Mali Department of Neurology H&#244 pital Gabriel Touré Bamako Mali Department of Pediatric Surgery H&#244 pital Gabriel Touré Bamako Mali Department of Neurosurgery H&#244 pital du Mali Bamako Mali Department of Neurosurgery University Hospital of Parakou Parakou Benin Department of Pediatrics H&#244 pital Gabriel Touré Bamako Mali

Background: Myelomeningocele (MMC) is the most common neural tube defect (NTD) characterized by the extrusion of the spinal cord into a sac filled with cerebrospinal fluid, resulting in lifelong disability. In the general population, the incidence of MMC ranges from 0.3 to 4.5/10,000 births. Live born infants with myelomeningocele have a death rate of approximately 10%. Many factors may play a role in the development of MMC such as environmental and genetic factors. In this study, we present our experience with a group of 63 children afflicted with MMC. Methods: This study was a retrospective analysis of 63 patients with MMC admitted to the neurosurgical department of Gabriel Touré Hospital from September 2017 to August 2018. A detailed history was obtained from the family at presentation. The family history and medical information before and during the pregnancy were compiled. Patients underwent complete physical and neurological examinations. Forty-seven (74.60%) patients underwent repair of the MMC and a ventriculoperitoneal shunt was placed in 12 (19%) patients with accompanying hydrocephalus. The risk factors, neurological status, and surgical results have been analyzed. Results: Of 63 children with MMC admitted to our neurosurgical department, 34 (54%) were boys and 29 (46%) were girls. Forty (63.49%) patients were the children of marriages of second cousins or closer. The mean age of the fathers was 34 years (16 - 65), while that of mothers was 26 years (16 - 38). The pregnancy was unplanned in all cases. Fourteen (22.22%) mothers had genitourinary infections, 9 (14.3%) had malaria and 57 (90.47%) mothers used analgesics and antibiotics during the pregnancy. Fifty-nine (93.65%) children were born at term, 58 (92%) were delivered via normal spontaneous vaginal delivery, and 5 (8%) via cesarean section. Lumbosacral lesions were the most frequent in 27 (42.86%) patients. Forty-seven (74.60%) patients underwent r

关键词： Myelomeningocele Neural Tube Defects Hydrocephalus

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Comparative and Prospective Evaluation of the Carbon Potential of the Mangrove of the Sine-Saloum Delta (Senegal) from 2016 to 2021

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2023年第9期14卷 994-1008页

作者： salimata Mouhamad Diop Massamba Thiam Ousmane Ndiaye Saliou Ndiaye Cherif Cisse Ecole Nationale Supérieure d’Agriculture Université Iba Der Thiam de Thiès Thiès Senegal Direction des Eaux et Forêts Chasses et Conservation des Sols Dakar Senegal Association Pour la Promotion des Initiatives Locales Dakar Senegal

With the rupture of the Sangomar spit and climate change, ecosystem functions such as carbon absorption and storage by the Saloum Delta Biosphere Reserve are threatened. Initiatives are carried out as a response to the degradation of the mangrove ecosystem, such as the PRECEMA project. To measure its impact, an assessment of the carbon potential of the mangrove was conducted in 2016 on permanent plots. The present study is part of the monitoring of carbon potential. It aims to contribute to the updating of information on the evaluation of carbon storage potential. The method “afforestation and reforestation of degraded mangrove habitats on a large scale CDM or AR-AM0014 version 04.0” was applied. The mangrove vegetation assessed is dominated by Rhizophora racemosa with 69.9% of the total. With a relatively bushy habit (height = 1.91 m), the height distribution shows a right skewness (Skewness = 2.17;Kurtosis = 4.07) with a tail containing more observations than a normal distribution. The distribution is observed for diameters is skewed with Skewness = 1.5 but Kurtosis = 2.3. Thus the stand is young with an average diameter of 3.90 cm and 79.6% of the trees have a diameter 5 cm. The annual increase in carbon potential of the mangrove has decreased by 80% in 5 years (2016 assessment - 2021 assessment). For a 15-year period, the total carbon stock projected by the model increases globally from 201.396 TeqCO2 in 2011 to 277,318 TeqCO2 in 2026. The projections showed an overall annual stock decrease of 14,164 TeqCO2 (94%). For 2021, the total projected stock (270.289 TeqCO2) is slightly higher than the assessed stock (251.059 TeqCO2), a difference of 7%. Also, the projected annual carbon stock for 2021 (2844 TeqCO2) is higher than the assessed stock (1353 TeqCO2), a gap of 52%.

关键词： Carbon Sequestration Mangrove Forest Sangomar

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Pulmonary Hypoplasia: A Rare Cause of Chronic Cough in TB Endemic Area

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Open Journal of Respiratory Diseases 2019年第1期9卷 18-25页

作者： Ouattara Khadidia Kanoute Tenin Baya Bocar Soumaré Dianguina Kamian Youssouf Mama Sidibé Youssouf Fofana Aminata traoré Mohamed Maba Guindo Ibrahim Sidibe Fatoumata Dakouo Aimé Paul Sanogo Fatoumata Bintou Bamba salimata Coulibaly Lamine Yossi Oumar Kone Drissa Samba Toloba Yacouba Department of Pneumology University Teaching Hospital of Point G Bamako Mali Department of ENT Secondary Hospital “Luxembourg” Bamako Mali Department of ENT Nianakoro Fomba Hospital Ségou Mali Department of Radiology Hospital of Mali Bamako Mali

Pulmonary hypoplasia is a rare disease characterized by a defect of lung development more often unilateral. The diagnosis requires several exams to eliminate other causes of pulmonary retraction. We report two cases at the department of pneumophtisiology of the University Teaching Hospital of Point G. The first case is a young adult who was complaining of a chronic cough. Etiological investigation required several exams including spirometry and Computed tomographic scan (CT scan). After elimination of all suspected causes of pulmonary opacity, the diagnosis of pulmonary hypoplasia was retained. The second case is a 2-year-old girl who was born with congenital cardiopathy whose respiratory complications were increasing during her childhood and respiratory explorations discovered pulmonary agenesis. Pulmonary hypoplasia is rare in our medical practice, but attention must be drawn to a retractile pulmonary opacity in young age after elimination of all infectious causes in TB endemic area.

关键词： A Chronic Cough Pulmonary Hypoplasia Bamako

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Valuation of Rice Postharvest Losses in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Mitigation Strategies

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Rice science 2021年第3期28卷 212-216页

作者： Sali Atanga NDINDENG Alphonse CANDIA Delphine Lamare MAPIEMFU Vohangisoa RAKOTOMALALA Nahemiah DANBABA Kurahisha KULWA Paul HOUSSOU Sow MOHAMMED Ousman M.JARJU salimata S.COULIBALY Elvis A.BAIDOO Jean MOREIRA Koichi FUTAKUCHI Africa Rice Center 01 BP 2551AbidjanCôte d’Ivoire National Agricultural Research Organization Kwanda P.O.Box 7144KampalaUganda Institute of Agricultural Research for Development BP 2123 MessaYaoundéCameroon Centre National de la recherche Appliquée au développement Rural BB 1690AntananarivoMadagascar National Cereal Research Institute Badeggi P.M.B 8 BidaNigeria Kilombero Agricultural Training and Research Institute P.O.Box 405KilomberoMorogoro regionTanzania Institut National des Recherches Agricoles du Bénin 01 BP 884 CotonouBénin Sierra Leone Agricultural Research Institute Tower Hill PMB 1313FreetownSierra Leone National Agricultural Research Institute PO Box 526BanjulSerrekundaGambia Centre Régionale de Recherche Agronomique SotubaBP 262 BamakoMali Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Food Research InstituteP.O Box M20AccraGhana University of Buea P.O.Box 63BueaCameroon

Data on rice harvest and postharvest loss in Sub-Sahara Africa(SSA)is scanty making it difficult for stakeholders to appreciate the loss and set priority areas for loss reduction along the value *** address this problem,a protocol was developed and validated for postharvest loss(PHL)quantification in *** losses at each segment were determined by field *** effect of origin of rice(domestic versus imported)and type of processing(white versus parboiled milled)on rice price in 33 markets in Africa was used to estimate qualitative loss for both white and parboiled milled *** PHL for rice in SSA in 2018 is estimated at about US$10.24 billion,representing 47.63%of the expected total *** highest loss recorded was quantitative loss before and during harvesting,followed by qualitative loss along the entire value chain,quantitative loss during milling,parboiling,threshing in that order,with the lowest being quantitative loss during *** areas to be targeted for PHL reduction in SSA and some loss mitigation tools and technologies piloted or suitable for SSA are proposed.

关键词： qualitative harvest harvesting

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Optimization of a Route Network in Dakar Airspace: Surface Navigation

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American Journal of Operations Research 2022年第2期12卷 64-81页

作者： Mint Elhassen Emani Amadou Coulibaly salimata G. Diagne Ahmedou Ould Haouba Alain Ngoma Mby Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal University of Nouakchott AL Aasriya Nouakchott Mauritanie Agency for Aerial Navigation Safety in Africa and Madagascar Dakar Senegal

In this paper, the map of a network of air routes was updated by removing the non-optimal routes and replacing them with the best ones. An integer linear programming model was developed. The aim was to find optimal routes in superspace based on performance-based navigation. The optimal routes were found from a DIJKSTRA algorithm that calculates the shortest path in a graph. Simulations with python language on real traffic areas showed the improvements brought by surface navigation. In this work, the conceptual phase and the upper airspace were studied.

关键词： Airspace Linear Optimization Graph Theory Dijkstra Algorithm Performance-Based Navigation Conventional Navigation

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塞内加尔的达喀尔生物医药类废弃物管理

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人类居住 2006年第1期 27-28页

作者： salimata Seck 王瀛（译）达喀尔的非洲城市管理学院（AGU）项目官员不详

对于许多发展中国家而言，缺乏充足的医疗物品已经是个难题了，而生物医药类废弃物的处理又是一个难题，而且更艰巨。在塞内加尔首都达喀尔开展的项目展示了一个可持续的手段，连同城市协商会议在内，带来了切实的成效，包括提高认识和... 详细信息

对于许多发展中国家而言，缺乏充足的医疗物品已经是个难题了，而生物医药类废弃物的处理又是一个难题，而且更艰巨。在塞内加尔首都达喀尔开展的项目展示了一个可持续的手段，连同城市协商会议在内，带来了切实的成效，包括提高认识和推广计划。

关键词：废弃物管理生物医药塞内加尔发展中国家可持续难题物品项目

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