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Definition,epidemiology and magnitude of alcoholic hepatitis

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World Journal of Hepatology 2011年第5期3卷 108-113页

作者： sarpreet Basra Bhupinderjit s Anand Department of Internal Medicine University of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTX 77555United States Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Michael DeBakey VA Medical CenterBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTX 77030United States

Alcoholic liver disease(ALD) is a major cause of alcoholrelated morbidity and *** presentation ranges from fatty liver to alcoholic hepatitis(AH),cirrhosis,and hepatocellular *** the amount and pattern of alcohol consumption is a well recognized predisposing factor for the development of serious liver pathology,environmental factors and the host's genetic makeup may also play significant roles that have not yet been entirely *** alcohol consumption is a major factor that influences the survival of patients with *** presence of cirrhosis at presentation or its development on follow up is a major factor determining the outcome in the long *** chapter deals with the epidemiology and magnitude of ALD in general and AH in particular.

关键词： Alcoholic hepatitis Acute alcoholic hepatitis Alcoholic liver disease Epidemiology Magnitude Disease burden

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西班牙Occidens博物馆

现代装饰 2014年第4期 90-95页

作者： Antonio vaíllo Juan L.Irigaray Daniel Galar Josecho Vélaz Rubén P.Bescós 姜敏华

vaillo＋Irigaray建筑事务所完成了一项位于西班牙潘普洛纳大教堂的Occidens博物馆设计。这是一个在二十一世纪历史博物馆内进行的展览空间改造项目。它融入了跨越不同时代空间的复杂内涵：考古遗址、罗马式宫殿、宗教，将博物馆展出内... 详细信息

vaillo＋Irigaray建筑事务所完成了一项位于西班牙潘普洛纳大教堂的Occidens博物馆设计。这是一个在二十一世纪历史博物馆内进行的展览空间改造项目。它融入了跨越不同时代空间的复杂内涵：考古遗址、罗马式宫殿、宗教，将博物馆展出内容与原建筑的环境、历史、空间联系起来，并体现在展览内容周遭的建筑和艺术上。

关键词：历史博物馆西班牙建筑事务所展览空间改造项目考古遗址展出内容展览内容

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Interaction between climatic, environmental, and demographic factors on cholera outbreaks in Kenya

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2014年第1期3卷 338-346页

作者： James D stoltzfus Jane y Carter Muge Akpinar-Elci Martin Matu Victoria Kimotho Mark J Giganti Daniel Langat Omur Cinar Elci school of Medicine Department of Public Health and Preventive MedicineSt.George’s University(SGU)West IndiesGrenada African Medical and Research Foundation(AMREF) NairobiKenya. Center for Global Health College of Health SciencesOld Dominion UniversityNorfolkVAUSA

Background:Cholera remains an important public health concern in developing countries including Kenya where 11,769 cases and 274 deaths were reported in 2009 according to the World Health Organization(WHO).This ecological study investigates the impact of various climatic,environmental,and demographic variables on the spatial distribution of cholera cases in ***:District-level data was gathered from Kenya’s Division of Disease surveillance and Response,the Meteorological Department,and the National Bureau of *** data included the entire population of Kenya from 1999 to ***:Multivariate analyses showed that districts had an increased risk of cholera outbreaks when a greater proportion of the population lived more than five kilometers from a health facility(RR:1.025 per 1%increase;95%CI:1.010,1.039),bordered a body of water(RR:5.5;95%CI:2.472,12.404),experienced increased rainfall from October to December(RR:1.003 per 1 mm increase;95%CI:1.001,1.005),and experienced decreased rainfall from April to June(RR:0.996 per 1 mm increase;95%CI:0.992,0.999).There was no detectable association between cholera and population density,poverty,availability of piped water,waste disposal methods,rainfall from January to March,or rainfall from July to ***:Bordering a large body of water,lack of health facilities nearby,and changes in rainfall were significantly associated with an increased risk of cholera in Kenya.

关键词： Cholera Education Health infrastructure Population density Poverty Rainfall Waste disposal Water supply

Outcomes after liver transplantation for combined alcohol and hepatitis C virus infection

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第34期20卷 11935-11938页

作者： Rashid Khan Ashwani K singal Bhupinderjit s Anand Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTX 77555United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Alabama BirminghamBirminghamAL 35294-0012United States Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Michael DeBakey VA CenterBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTX 77030United States

Alcohol abuse and chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection are two major causes of chronic liver disease in the United *** 10%-15%of liver transplants performed in the United states are for patients with cirrhosis due to combined alcohol and HCV *** on outcomes on graft and patient survival,HCV recurrence,and relapse of alcohol use comparing transplants in hepatitis C positive drinkers compared to alcohol abuse or hepatitis C alone are conflicting in the *** studies report a slightly better overall outcome in patients who were transplanted for alcoholic cirrhosis vs those transplanted for HCV alone or for combined HCV and alcohol related ***,some other studies do not support these ***,most studies are limited to a retrospective design or small sample *** prospective multicenter studies are needed to better define the outcomes in hepatitis C drinkers.

关键词： Alcoholic liver disease Hepatitis C virus Liver transplantation Graft survival Mortality

NeTrainsim:a network-level simulator for modeling freight train longitudinal motion and energy consumption

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Railway Engineering science 2024年第4期32卷 480-498页

作者： Ahmed s.Aredah Karim Fadhloun Hesham A.Rakha Center for sustainable Mobility Virginia Tech Transportation Institute3500 Transportation Research PlazaBlacksburgVA 24061USA

Although train modeling research is vast, most available simulation tools are confined to city-or trip-scale analysis, primarily offering micro-level simulations of network segments. This paper addresses this void by developing the Ne Train sim simulator for heavy long-haul freight trains on a network of multiple intersecting tracks. The main objective of this simulator is to enable a comprehensive analysis of energy consumption and the associated carbon footprint for the entire train system. Four case studies were conducted to demonstrate the simulator's performance. The first case study validates the model by comparing Ne Train sim output to empirical trajectory data. The results demonstrate that the simulated trajectory is precise enough to estimate the train energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. The second application demonstrates the train-following model considering six trains following each other. The results showcase the model ability to maintain safefollowing distances between successive trains. The next study highlights the simulator's ability to resolve train conflicts for different scenarios. Finally, the suitability of the Ne Train sim for modeling realistic railroad networks is verified through the modeling of the entire Us network and comparing alternative powertrains on the fleet energy consumption.

关键词： Ne Train sim Network train simulation Train longitudinal motion Energy consumption Carbon footprint

New Era: Endoscopic treatment options in obesity–a paradigm shift

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第32期25卷 4567-4579页

作者： Jason Glass Ahson Chaudhry Muhammad s Zeeshan Zeeshan Ramzan Department of Digestive and Liver Diseases University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTX 75390United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of MedicineDallas VA Medical CenterVA North Texas Health Care SystemDallasTX 75216United States school of Medicine Temple University HospitalPhiladelphiaPA 19140United States

The prevalence of obesity continues to rise,and along with it comes a multitude of health-related *** healthcare community has consistently struggled with providing treatment options to obese patients,in part due to the reluctance of patients in pursuing the more effective(yet invasive)surgical approaches such as sleeve gastrectomy and Rou-en-y gastric *** the other hand,the less invasive approach such as lifestyle/behavioral interventions and pharmacotherapy(Orlistat,Phenteramine,Phentermine/Topiramate,Locaserin,Naltrexon/Buproprion,and Liraglutide)have very limited efficacy,especially in the morbidly obese *** our best efforts,the epidemic of obesity continues to rise and pose enormous costs on our healthcare system and *** endoscopy is an evolving field generated to combat this epidemic through minimally invasive *** procedures can be performed in an ambulatory setting,are potentially reversible,repeatable,and pose less complications than their invasive surgical *** modalities are designed to alter gut metabolism by means of space occupation,malabsorption,or *** this review we will discuss different bariatric endoscopic options(such as intragastric balloons,endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty,endoscopic aspiration therapies and gastrointestinal bypass sleeves),their advantages and disadvantages,and suggest a new paradigm where providers may start incorporating this modality in their treatment approach for obese patients.

关键词： Bariatric endoscopy Bariatrics Obesity Intragastric balloon Bariatric medicine AspireAssist Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty

Electrical stimulation and denervated muscles after spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第8期15卷 1397-1407页

作者： subhalakshmi Chandrasekaran John Davis Ines Bersch Gary Goldberg Ashraf s.Gorgey spinal Cord Injury and Disorders Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical CenterRichmondVAUSA swiss Paraplegic Centre NottwilSwitzerland Institute of Clinical sciences Department of Orthopedics at the University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA Electrodiagnostic Center Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical CenterRichmondVAUSA

spinal cord injury(sCI)population with injury below T10 or injury to the cauda equina region is characterized by denervated muscles,extensive muscle atrophy,infiltration of intramuscular fat and formation of fibrous *** morphological changes may put individuals with sCI at higher risk for developing other diseases such as various cardiovascular diseases,diabetes,obesity and ***,there is no available rehabilitation intervention to rescue the muscles or restore muscle size in sCI individuals with lower motor neuron ***,hereby,performed a review of the available evidence that supports the use of electrical stimulation in restoration of denervated muscle following *** pulse width stimulation(LPWs)technique is an upcoming method of stimulating denervated *** primary objective is to explore the best stimulation paradigms(stimulation parameters,stimulation technique and stimulation wave)to achieve restoration of the denervated *** parameters,such as the pulse duration,need to be 100–1000 times longer than in innervated muscles to achieve desirable excitability and *** use of electrical stimulation in animal and human models induces muscle *** in animal models indicate that electrical stimulation,with a combination of exercise and pharmacological interventions,have proven to be effective in improving various aspects like relative muscle weight,muscle cross sectional area,number of myelinated regenerated fibers,and restoring some level of muscle *** studies have shown similar outcomes,identifying the use of LPWs as an effective strategy in increasing muscle cross sectional area,the size of muscle fibers,and improving muscle ***,displaying promise is an effective future stimulation *** summary,LPWs is a novel stimulation technique for denervated muscles in humans with *** studies on LPWs of denervated muscles will help in translating

关键词： denervation DXA electrical stimulation LMN injury LPWs MRI spinal cord injury stimulation parameters

skeletal muscle stiffness as measured by magnetic resonance elastography after chronic spinal cord injury:a cross-sectional pilot study

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第12期16卷 2486-2493页

作者： Mina P.Ghatas M.Rehan Khan Ashraf s.Gorgey Department of spinal Cord Injury and Disorders Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical CenterRichmondVAUSA Department of Radiology Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical CenterRichmondVAUSA Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA

skeletal muscle stiffness is altered after spinal cord injury(sCI).Assessing muscle stiffness is essential for rehabilitation and pharmaceutical interventions design after *** study used magnetic resonance elastography to assess the changes in stiffness after chronic sCI compared to matched able-bodied controls and determine its association with muscle size,spasticity,and peak torque in persons with *** studies examined the association between muscle stiffness and spasticity,however,we are unaware of other studies that examined the effects of muscle composition on stiffness after *** participants(one female)with chronic sCI and eight(one female)matched able-bodied controls participated in this cross-sectional *** resonance elastography was utilized to monitor stiffness derived from shear waves *** Ashworth scale was used to evaluate spasticity scores in a blinded *** isometric and isokinetic torques were measured using a biodex *** values were non-significantly lower(12.5%;P=0.3)in the sCI group compared to able-bodied ***,stiffness was positively related to vastus lateralis whole muscle cross-sectional area(CsA)(r2=0.64,Pvastus lateralis absolute muscle CsA after accounting for intramuscular fat(r2=0.78,Pstiffness was also positively correlated to both isometric(r2=0.55-0.57,Psokinetic peak(r2=0.46-0.48,Psults suggest that larger clinical trial is warranted to confirm the preliminary findings that muscle stiffness is altered after sCI compared to healthy *** appeared to be influenced by infiltration of intramuscular fat and modestly by the spasticity of the paralyzed *** preliminary data indicated that the relationship between muscle stiffness and peak torque is not altered with changing the frequency of pulses or angular *** study procedures were approved by the Institutional Review Board at the

关键词： chronic spinal cord injury isometric and isokinetic torques magnetic resonance elastography muscle size rehabilitation shear modulus spasticity stiffness

spontaneous Extracranial Vertebral Artery Dissociation: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2018年第6期8卷 221-226页

作者： D. Kamakura y. Iida K. Hasegawa s. Tsuge K. Fukutake K. Nakamura H. Takahashi A. Wada Department of Orthopedic surgery Toho University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan

We encountered a 36-year-old female who developed extracranial vertebral artery dissociation (EvaD), which is a rare condition in Japan. The disease developed with sudden severe right side neck pain and right upper arm pain. No abnormality was observed in the spinal canal, intervertebral discs, spinal cord, or nerve roots on MRI of the cervical spine, but dilation and double lumen were noted in the vertebral artery (va) at the C4/5 level. The presence of aneurysm was confirmed by va angiography, and EvaD was diagnosed. The symptoms were resolved by conservative treatment of pain, and the aneurysm shrank and disappeared with time on va angiography. Even though neck and upper limb pain are the only clinical symptom and there is no brain dysfunction, such as disturbance of consciousness and vertigo, when symptoms develop acutely, this pathology should be included in differential diagnosis and orthopedists should carefully observe the vertebral artery, as well as the spinal canal, in evaluating cervical MRI.

关键词： Extracranial Vertebral Artery Dissection Neck Pain Cervical spine