检索结果-南通市图书馆

郑庄北中深部煤层气水平井产能影响因素及开发技术优化

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

煤田地质与勘探 2024年第6期52卷 21-32页

作者：张聪李可心贾慧敏张武昌杨瑞强李俊王琪侯伟明中国石油华北油田山西煤层气勘探开发分公司山西长治046000 中国石油渤海钻探工程有限公司第二录井分公司河北任丘062550

【目的】沁水盆地郑庄北中深部煤层气早期采用压裂直井开发,整体表现为低产低效。采用单支套管压裂水平井开发后,单井产量达到直井的10~50倍,目前已成为主体开发井型,但各井产量差异较大。为明确郑庄北中深部煤层气分段压裂水平井产能... 详细信息

【目的】沁水盆地郑庄北中深部煤层气早期采用压裂直井开发,整体表现为低产低效。采用单支套管压裂水平井开发后,单井产量达到直井的10~50倍,目前已成为主体开发井型,但各井产量差异较大。为明确郑庄北中深部煤层气分段压裂水平井产能影响因素,改善开发效果。【方法】基于郑庄北部水平井开发实践,结合地质特征与工程参数,分析了中深部煤层气水平井产能的主控因素,并针对性提出实现中深部水平井高效开发的建议。【结果和结论】结果表明:单支套管压裂水平井产能受地质和工程因素综合影响。地质条件下,中深部储层含气饱和度明显高于浅部储层,整体资源富集;高产井主要分布在构造曲率较小的平缓区域内;原生煤层射孔段数与水平井产气效果呈正相关关系;研究区水平主应力差介于8~16 MPa,且随埋深增加而增大,无法形成复杂缝网是导致前期产气效果差的原因。工程条件上,当井眼轨迹方位与最大水平主应力方位夹角为60°~90°时产气效果最好,井平均稳产气量可达到9 700 m^(3)/d;水平段越长,煤层稳产气量越高;采用泵送桥塞射孔压裂方式的水平井产气效果明显优于油管压裂方式,稳产气量随压裂规模增加而显著提高,压裂参数中施工排量对改造效果的控制作用显著,当排量<7 m^(3)/min时,水平井稳产气量整体小于2 000m^(3)/d;当排量增大到8~10 m^(3)/min时,稳产气量逐渐增高;当排量保持在10~12 m^(3)/min,稳产气量持续稳定在10 000~12 000 m^(3)/d;当排量提高到16~18 m^(3)/min时,稳产气量突破18 000 m^(3)/d。最后,优选含气性、构造曲率、煤体结构、地应力等地质参数与水平段长度、压裂段数、单段压裂液量、单段压裂砂量、施工排量、砂比等工程参数,通过灰色关联法分析了中深部水平井产能主控因素。结果表明煤体结构和压裂规模是影响水平井产能的主要因素。提高原生煤层钻遇率与选点效率以及进一步提升施工排量及压裂规模是实现研究区中深部煤层压裂水平井更高产能的主要途径。

关键词：沁水盆地郑庄北部中深部煤层气压裂水平井压裂规模施工排量

Historical trends of PCBs and PBDEs as reconstructed in a lake sediment from southern Tibetan Plateau

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第12期32卷 31-38页

作者： ruiqiang yang Ting Xie Pu Wang Yingming Li Qinghua Zhang Guibin Jiang State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China School of Environment Hangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUCASHangzhou 310024China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Institute of Environment and Health Jianghan UniversityWuhan 430056China

High-altitude lake sediment can be used as a natural archive to reconstruct the history of pollutants. In this work, the temporal distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs) were determined using a high-resolution gas chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometer(HRGC/HRMS) in an alpine lake sediment core collected from the southern Tibetan Plateau(TP) to examine whether the expected decreasing trends due to the implementation of the international Conventions could be observed. The concentrations of PCBs and PBDEs in the sediment core were in the range of 11.8–142 pg/g dw and ND-457 pg/g dw, and their fluxes were in the range of 2.51–31.7 ng/(m^2 ·yr) and ND-43.2 ng/(m^2 ·yr), respectively. The prevalence of low-chlorinated(tri-CB) PCBs and low-brominated(tri-to tetra-) PBDEs in most sections of the sediment profiles was observed, suggesting that the light molecular weight PCBs and PBDEs have most likely reached lake sediments by long-range atmospheric transport from distant sources. Despite the restrictions on their applications, the sediment records for the concentrations and fluxes showed no corresponding decreasing trend with restrictions for PCBs, which suggested that these POPs(e.g., PCBs) were still emitted to the environment owing to the influence of primary or secondary emissions. To our knowledge, this is the first report on input history of atmospheric PCBs and PBDEs recorded in TP Lake sediment.

关键词： Persistent organic pollutants(POPs) PCBs PBDEs Sediment core Historical trend Tibetan Plateau

Concentrations and source identification of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in soils from Wolong Natural Reserve

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Chinese Science Bulletin 2009年第5期54卷 743-751页

作者： ZHENG XiaoYan LIU XianDe LIU WenJie JIANG GuiBin yang ruiqiang State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012 China

In order to understand the distribution profile, composition characteristics and sources of OCPs, soil samples collected from Wolong Natural Reserve (WNR) in spring and autumn in 2005 were analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with electron capture detector (GC-ECD). Results showed that all OCPs concentrations were in the range of 10?2 ng/g―10?1 ng/g, representing the background level in those remote sites. Generally, their concentrations were slightly higher in spring than in autumn, which could be explained by OCPs: 1) may be released to soil from snow-melting water in spring; 2) partially evaporate into air from soil due to high temperature and intense radiation in summer and 3) can be relatively high degradation rate in summer. There were notable differences of OCPs seasonal variations between samples from alpine meadow and those from under-treeline. This phenomenon was related to physical-chemical properties of OCPs and vegetation coverage. For alpine meadow soils, levels of OCPs were increased with increasing altitudinal gradient, which was associated with enhanced scav-enging efficiency of wet precipitation. Composition characteristics of OCPs in soils were similar to those of air samples, which was distinct from those of typical contaminated soils, indicating that OCPs in WNR soils were mainly from atmospheric transport.

关键词：有机氯杀虫剂土壤污染组成特性季节性变化来源鉴定

Mercury in alpine fish from four rivers in the Tibetan Plateau

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第1期28卷 22-28页

作者： Junjuan Shao Jianbo Shi Bu Duo Chengbin Liu Yan Gao Jianjie Fu ruiqiang yang Guibin Jiang State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Science Faculty Tibet University

As a global pollutant, high levels of mercury（Hg） have been found in remote ecosystem due to the long range atmospheric transport. In this study, a total of 60 fish samples were collected from four rivers across the Tibetan Plateau to study the accumulation of Hg in remote and high-altitude aquatic environment. The total Hg（THg） and methylmercury（MeHg） in fish muscles ranged from 11 to 2097 ng/g dry weight（dw）（average： 819 ng/g dw）and from 14 to 1960 ng/g dw（average： 756 ng/g dw）, respectively. Significantly positive linear relationships were observed between the THg（r = 0.591, p 〈 0.01, n = 36） and MeHg concentrations（r = 0.473, p 〈 0.01, n = 36） with the trophic level of fish from Lhasa River,suggesting trophic transfer and biomagnification of Hg in this aquatic ecosystem. Moreover,the THg levels in fish had significantly positive correlations with the length（r = 0.316,p 〈 0.05, n = 60） and weight（r = 0.271, p 〈 0.05, n = 60） of fish. The high levels of Hg were attributed to the slow growth and long lifespan of the fish under this sterile and cold environment. Risk assessment revealed that the consumption of Oxygymnocypris stewartii,Schizothorax macropogon, Schizothorax waltoni, Schizopygopsis younghusbandi and Schizothorax o＇connori would lead to a high exposure to Me Hg.

关键词： Mercury Methylmercury Fish The Tibetan Plateau Trophic level Risk assessment

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

沁水盆地南部煤层气水平井射孔优化

新疆石油地质 2024年第5期45卷 581-589页

作者：李可心张聪李俊刘春春杨瑞强张武昌李邵楠任智剑中国石油华北油田分公司山西煤层气勘探开发分公司山西长治046000 中国石油华北油田分公司华北油田经济技术研究院河北任丘062550

为提高沁水盆地煤层气水平井压裂效果,基于分布式光纤水平井产水产气剖面监测、水平井录井导向、测井等资料分析,明确了煤岩煤质、煤体结构、水平井钻遇位置以及射孔改造方式是决定煤层压裂改造效果的关键因素。沁水盆地3号煤层中—上... 详细信息

为提高沁水盆地煤层气水平井压裂效果,基于分布式光纤水平井产水产气剖面监测、水平井录井导向、测井等资料分析,明确了煤岩煤质、煤体结构、水平井钻遇位置以及射孔改造方式是决定煤层压裂改造效果的关键因素。沁水盆地3号煤层中—上部自然伽马低、煤质较好、煤体结构完整,是适合压裂改造的优质层段;根据双自然伽马曲线可准确判断水平井井眼轨迹在煤层中的钻遇位置,确定优质压裂层段及射孔方式。当井眼轨迹位于煤层中部时,采用常规射孔方式可实现高效改造;当井眼轨迹接近顶板或出层时,需采用向下定向射孔方式,实现上部优质煤层的有效改造;当井眼轨迹位于下夹矸层附近时,可采用向上定向射孔方式,实现中部优质层段的改造。该方法现场应用水平井46口,单井日产气量突破2.5×10^(4)m^(3),日稳产气量达到2×10^(4)m^(3),储集层压裂改造效率提升10%~50%,水平井开发效果好。

关键词：沁水盆地煤层气水平井煤体结构射孔层段优选射孔方式

Concentrations and distribution of novel brominated flame retardants in the atmosphere and soil of Ny-Alesund and London Island,Svalbard,Arctic

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第11期32卷 180-185页

作者： Yanfen Hao Wenying Meng Yingming Li Xu Han Huili Lu Pu Wang ruiqiang yang Qinghua Zhang Guibin Jiang State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention Shenzhen 518055China

Novel brominated flame retardants(NBFRs)were investigated in Arctic air and soil samples collected from Ny-?lesund and London Island,Svalbard,during Chinese scientific research expeditions to the Arctic during 2014–*** concentrations of 9 NBFRs in the Arctic air and soil were 4.9–8.7 pg/m3(average 6.8 pg/m3)and 101–201 pg/g dw(average 150 pg/g dw),*** atmospheric concentration of hexabromobenzene(HBB)was significantly correlated with that of pentabromotoluene(PBT)and pentabromobenzene(PBBz),suggesting similar source and environmental fate in the Arctic *** significant spatial difference was observed among the different sampling sites,both for air and soil samples,indicating that the effects of the scientific research stations on the occurrence of NBFRs in the Arctic were *** fugacities from soil to air of pentabromoethylbenzene(PBEB),2,3-dibromopropyl 2,4,6-tribromophenyl ether(DPTE),and decabromodiphenylethane 1,2-bis(pentabromophenyl)ethane(DBDPE)were lower than the equilibrium value,indicating a nonequilibrium state of these compounds between air and soil,the dominant impact of deposition and the net transport from air to *** correlation analysis between the measured and predicted soil-atmosphere coefficients based on the absorption model showed that the impact of the soil organic matter on the distribution of NBFRs in the Arctic region was *** the best of our knowledge,this work is one of the limited reports on atmospheric NBFRs in the Arctic and the first study to investigate the occurrence and fate of NBFRs in the Arctic soil.

关键词： Novel brominated flame retardants Arctic Soil Air Soil-atmosphere partitioning

PM_(2.5)-bound polyhalogenated carbazoles(PHCZs)in urban Beijing,China:Occurrence and the source implication

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第9期131卷 59-67页

作者： Peijie Zuo Chu Wang Zengwei Li Dawei Lu Hao Xian Huili Lu Yin Dong ruiqiang yang Yingming Li Zhiguo Pei Qinghua Zhang State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China The People’s Hospital of Yuhuan Yuhuan 317600China School of Environment Hangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhou 310024China

Polyhalogenated carbazoles(PHCZs)are recently raising much attention due to their toxicity and ubiquitous environmental ***,little knowledge is known about their ambient occurrences and the potential *** this study,we developed an analytical method based on GC-MS/MS to simultaneously determine 11 PHCZs in PM_(2.5) from urban Beijing,*** optimized method provided low method limit of quantifications(MLOQs,1.45–7.39 fg/m^(3))and satisfied recoveries(73.4%–109.5%).This method was applied to analyze the PHCZs in the outdoor PM_(2.5)(n=46)and fly ash(n=6)collected from 3 kinds of surrounding incinerator plants(steel plant,medical waste incinerator and domestic waste incinerator).The levels of Σ_(11)PHCZs in PM_(2.5) ranged from 0.117 to 5.54 pg/m^(3)(median 1.18 pg/m^(3)).3-chloro-9H-carbazole(3-CCZ),3-bromo-9H-carbazole(3-BCZ),and 3,6-dichloro-9Hcarbazole(36-CCZ)were the dominant compounds,accounting for 93%.3-CCZ and 3-BCZ were significantly higher in winter due to the high PM_(2.5) concentration,while 36-CCZ was higher in spring,which may be related to the resuspending of surface ***,the levels of11PHCZs in fly ash ranged from 338 to 6101 pg/g.3-CCZ,3-BCZ and 36-CCZ accounted for 86.0%.The congener profiles of PHCZs between fly ash and PM_(2.5) were highly similar,indicating that combustion process could be an important source of ambient *** the best of our knowledge,this is the first research providing the occurrences of PHCZs in outdoor PM_(2.5).

关键词： Polyhalogenated carbazoles PM_(2.5) GC-MS/MS Combustion source

Machine Learning-Based Temperature and Wind Forecasts in the Zhangjiakou Competition Zone during the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Meteorological Research 2024年第4期38卷 664-679页

作者： Zhuo SUN Jiangbo LI ruiqiang GUO Yiran ZHANG Gang ZHU Xiaoliang yang China Meteorological Administration Xiong'an Atmospheric Boundary Layer Key Laboratory Xiong'an New Area 071800 Hebei Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Ecological Environment Shijiazhuang 050021 Hebei Meteorological Observatory Shijiazhuang 050021 College of Computer and Cyber Security Hebei Normal UniversityShijiazhuang 050024

Weather forecasting for the Zhangjiakou competition zone of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games is a challenging task due to its complex *** weather prediction models generally perform poorly for cold air pools and winds over complex terrains,due to their low spatiotemporal resolution and limitations in the description of dynamics,thermodynamics,and microphysics in mountainous *** study proposes an ensemble-learning model,named ENSL,for surface temperature and wind forecasts at the venues of the Zhangjiakou competition zone,by integrating five individual models—linear regression,random forest,gradient boosting decision tree,support vector machine,and artificial neural network(ANN),with a ridge regression as meta *** ENSL employs predictors from the high-resolution ECMWF model forecast(ECMWF-HRES) data and topography data,and targets from automatic weather station *** categories of predictors(synoptic-pattern related fields,surface element fields,terrain,and temporal features) are fed into *** results demonstrate that ENSL achieves better performance and generalization than individual *** root-mean-square error(RMSE) for the temperature and wind speed predictions is reduced by 48.2% and 28.5%,respectively,relative to *** the gust speed,the performance of ENSL is consistent with ANN(best individual model) in the whole dataset,whereas ENSL outperforms on extreme gust samples(42.7% compared with 38.7% obtained by ECMWF-HRES in terms of RMSE reduction).Sensitivity analysis of predictors in the four categories shows that ENSL fits their feature importance rankings and physical explanations effectively.

关键词： machine learning ensemble learning post-processing cold air pools mountain Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games

Application of the Conditional Nonlinear Local Lyapunov Exponent to Second-Kind Predictability

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第9期41卷 1769-1786页

作者： Ming ZHANG ruiqiang DING Quanjia ZHONG Jianping LI Deyu LU State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology(ESPRE)/Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disasters of Chinese Ministry of EducationBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Department of Ocean Science Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences/Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System(DOMES)/Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography Ministry of Education/Academy of the Future Ocean/Center for Ocean Carbon NeutralityOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Laoshan Laboratory Qingdao 266237China State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics(LASG) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of Earth Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

In order to quantify the influence of external forcings on the predictability limit using observational data,the author introduced an algorithm of the conditional nonlinear local Lyapunov exponent(CNLLE)*** effectiveness of this algorithm is validated and compared with the nonlinear local Lyapunov exponent(NLLE)and signal-to-noise ratio methods using a coupled Lorenz *** results show that the CNLLE method is able to capture the slow error growth constrained by external forcings,therefore,it can quantify the predictability limit induced by the external *** this basis,a preliminary attempt was made to apply this method to measure the influence of ENSO on the predictability limit for both atmospheric and oceanic variable *** spatial distribution of the predictability limit induced by ENSO is similar to that arising from the initial conditions calculated by the NLLE *** similarity supports ENSO as the major predictable signal for weather and climate *** addition,a ratio of predictability limit(RPL)calculated by the CNLLE method to that calculated by the NLLE method was *** RPL larger than 1 indicates that the external forcings can significantly benefit the long-term predictability *** instance,ENSO can effectively extend the predictability limit arising from the initial conditions of sea surface temperature over the tropical Indian Ocean by approximately four months,as well as the predictability limit of sea level pressure over the eastern and western Pacific ***,the impact of ENSO on the geopotential height predictability limit is primarily confined to the troposphere.

关键词： conditional nonlinear local Lyapunov exponent second-kind predictability coupled Lorenz model ENSO