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transcranial magnetic stimulation to understand pathophysiology and as potential treatment for neurodegenerative diseases

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translational Neurodegeneration 2015年第1期4卷 184-195页

作者： Zhen Ni robert Chen Division of Neurology Krembil Neuroscience Centre and Toronto Western Research InstituteUniversity Health NetworkUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada MC-411 Toronto Western Hospital399 Bathurst StreetTorontoON M5T 2S8Canada

Common neurodegenerative diseases include Parkinson’s disease(PD),Alzheimer’s disease(AD),amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)and Huntington’s disease(HD).transcranial magnetic stimulation(tMS)is a noninvasive and painless method to stimulate the human ***-and paired-pulse tMS paradigms are powerful ways to study the pathophysiological mechanisms of neurodegenerative *** evoked potential studied with single-pulse tMS is increased in PD,AD and ALS,but is decreased in *** in motor cortical excitability in neurodegenerative diseases may be related to functional deficits in cortical circuits or to compensatory *** or even absence of short interval intracortical inhibition induced by paired-pulse tMS is common in neurodegenerative diseases,suggesting that there are functional impairments of inhibitory cortical *** short latency afferent inhibition in AD,PD and HD may be related to the cortical cholinergic deficits in these *** plasticity tested by paired associative stimulation or theta burst stimulation is impaired in PD,AD and *** tMS(rtMS)refers to the application of trains of regularly repeating tMS ***-frequency facilitatory rtMS may improve motor symptoms in PD patients whereas low-frequency inhibitory stimulation is a potential treatment for levodopa induced *** delivered both to the left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex improves memory in AD *** motor cortical stimulation in low frequency may be useful for HD ***,the effects of treatment with multiple sessions of rtMS for neurodegenerative diseases need to be tested in large,sham-controlled studies in the future before they can be adopted for routine clinical practice.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Huntington’s disease Parkinson’s disease transcranial magnetic stimulation

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Benefits of the use of blood conservation in scoliosis surgery

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2016年第12期7卷 808-813页

作者： Peter R Loughenbury Lyeanda Berry Ben t Brooke Abhay S Rao robert A Dunsmuir Peter A Millner Department of Neurosciences Leeds General Infirmary

AIM to investigate whether autologous blood transfusion(ABt) drains and intra-operative cell salvage reduced donor blood transfusion requirements during scoliosis *** Retrospective data collection on transfusion requirements of patients undergoing scoliosis surgery is between January 2006 and March 2010. there were three distinct phases of transfusion practice over this time: Group A received "traditional treatment" with allogeneic red cell transfusion(ARCt) in response to an intra- or postoperative anaemia(Hb tomatic anaemia); Group B received intra-operative cell salvage in addition to "traditional treatment". In group C,ABt wound drains were used together with both intra-operative cell salvage and "traditional treatment".RESULtS Data from 97 procedures on 77 patients,there was no difference in mean preoperative haemoglobin levels between the groups(A: 13.1 g/d L; B: 13.49 g/d L; C: 13.66 g/d L). Allogeneic red cell transfusion was required for 22 of the 37 procedures(59%) in group A,17 of 30(57%) in group B and 16 of 30(53%) in group C. there was an overall 6% reduction in the proportion of patients requiring an ARCt between groups A and C but this was not statistically significant(χ2 = 0.398). Patientsin group C received fewer units(mean 2.19) than group B(mean 2.94)(P = 0.984) and significantly fewer than those in group A(mean 3.82)(P = 0.0322). Mean length of inpatient stay was lower in group C(8.65 d) than in groups B(12.83) or A(12.62).CONCLUSION When used alongside measures to minimise blood loss during surgery,ABt drains and intra-operative cell salvage leads to a reduced need for donor blood transfusion in patients undergoing scoliosis surgery.

关键词： Blood conservation Scoliosis Autologous blood Cell salvage transfusion

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Progress in Avian Vision

Progress in Avian Vision

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23rd International Ornithological Congress

作者： Graham R.Martin Andrew t.D.bennett Biosciences Univ. of Birmingham UK Biological Sciences Univ. Bristol UK

＜正＞ Vision is the key sense that guides many important aspects of bird behaviour. Recent progress ranges from understanding the retinal mechanism of colour vision including, the tetra-chromatic visual system, the wide distribution of sensitivity into the UV, to details of eye structure and visual fields and their relation to foraging. this round table will seek to summarize important recent findings and identify areas for interdisciplinary research and collaborative investigations that link eye, vision and behaviour

关键词： Vision eye visually guided behaviour

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Preparation of ultrahigh surface area porous carbons templated using zeolite 13X for enhanced hydrogen storage

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2013年第3期23卷 308-316页

作者： Eric Masika robert Mokaya School of Chemistry University of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottingham NG7 2RDUK

In this report,the use of zeolite 13X as a template to generate ultrahigh surface area carbons,via a two-step process combining liquid impregnation and chemical vapour deposition is *** first step in the nanocasting process involves impregnation of zeolite 13X with furfuryl alcohol and the second step consists of chemical vapour deposition(CVD) of ethylene at 700 ***-like structural ordering was achieved for zeolite templated carbons(ZtCs) prepared at variable heating ramp rates of 5,10 or 15 1C/*** textural properties of ZtCs prepared at all heating ramp rates were comparable with small variations in which the lowest ramp rate(5 1C/min) generated ZtC with highest surface area and pore volume of 3332 m 2 /g and 1.66 cm 3 /g *** carbon materials achieved a remarkable hydrogen uptake of 7.3 wt% at 20 bar and 77 K which is the highest ever recorded for carbon *** report also explores the mechanical stability of the ZtCs via compaction at up to 10t(equivalent to 740 MPa) in which the compacted samples showed minimal modification and retained high hydrogen storage capacity.

关键词： Hydrogen storage Zeolite templated carbon Zeolite 13X High surface area Micropores

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冬季最低温和温度季节变异对北美树木分布北界及多样性的调控研究

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2022年第2期32卷 280-290页

作者：钱宏张扬建 robert E.RICKLEFS 王宪礼 Research and Collections Center Illinois State Museum1011 East Ash StreetSpringfieldIL 62703USA Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCASBeijing 100101China Department of Biology University of Missouri–St.LouisSt.LouisMO 63121USA Northern Forestry Centre Canadian Forest ServiceNatural Resources Canada5320-122nd StreetEdmontonAB T6H 3S5Canada Department of Renewable Resources University of Alberta751 General Service Building EdmontonAB T6G 2H1Canada

Biologists have considered both winter coldness and temperature seasonality as major determinants of the northern limits of plants and animals in the Northern Hemisphere,which in turn drive the well-known latitudinal diversity ***,few studies have tested which of the two climate variables is the primary *** this study,we assess whether winter coldness or temperature seasonality is more strongly associated with the northern latitudinal limits of tree species and with tree species richness in North *** species were recorded in each of 1198 quadrats of 110 km×110 km in North *** used correlation and regression analyses to assess the relationship of the latitude of the northern boundary of each species,and of species richness per quadrat,with winter coldness and temperature *** richness was analyzed within 38 longitudinal,i.e.,north-south,bands(each being>1100 km long and 110 km wide).the latitudes of the northern range limits of tree species were three times better correlated with minimum temperatures at those latitudes than with temperature *** average,minimum temperature and temperature seasonality together explained 81.5%of the variation in the northern range limits of the tree species examined,and minimum temperature uniquely explained six-fold(33.7%versus 5.8%)more of this variation than did temperature *** of tree species richness with minimum temperatures were stronger than correlations with temperature seasonality for most of the longitudinal bands *** to temperature seasonality,winter coldness is more strongly associated with species distributions at high latitudes,and is likely a more important driver of the latitudinal diversity gradient.

关键词： cold tolerance latitudinal diversity gradient minimum temperature temperature seasonality temperature variation trees tropical conservatism hypothesis

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Evaluation of maize inbred lines for resistance to pre-harvest aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination in the field

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the Crop Journal 2017年第3期5卷 259-264页

作者： Baozhu Guo Xiangyun Ji Xinzhi Ni Jake C.Fountain Hong Li Hamed K.Abbas robert D.Lee Brian t.Scully United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service(USDA-ARS) Crop Protection and Management Research UnitTiftonGAUnited States the University of Georgia Department of Plant PathologyTiftonGAUnited States Ecological Environment Protection Research Institute Shanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghaiChina USDA-ARS Crop Genetics and Breeding Research UnitTiftonGAUnited States Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences Millet Research InstituteChangzhiChina USDA-ARS Biological Control of Pests Research UnitStonevilleMSUnited States the University of Georgia Department of Crop and Soil SciencesTiftonGAUnited States USDA-ARS U.S.Horticultural Research LaboratoryFort PierceFLUnited States

two important mycotoxins, aflatoxin and fumonisin, are among the most potent naturally occurring carcinogens, contaminating maize(Zea mays) and affecting crop yield and *** of maize to pre-harvest mycotoxin contamination, specifically aflatoxin produced by Aspergillus flavus and fumonisin produced by Fusarium verticillioides, is a goal in breeding programs that screen for these important traits with the aim of developing resistant commercial hybrids. We conducted two years of field evaluations on 87 inbred lines originating primarily in China and Mexico and not previously screened for *** objectives of our study were to identify resistant germplasm for breeding purposes and to examine possible relationships between resistances to the two mycotoxins. Aflatoxin and fumonisin were present in samples harvested from all lines in both *** of total aflatoxin ranged from 52.00 ± 20.00 to 1524.00 ± 396.00 μg kg^(-1),while those of fumonisin ranged from 0.60 ± 0.06 to 124.00 ± 19.50 mg kg^(-1). the inbred lines tUN15, tUN61, tUN37, CY2, and tUN49 showed the lowest aflatoxin accumulation and CN1, Gt601, tUN09, tUN61, and MP717 the lowest fumonisin accumulation. tUN61 showed the lowest accumulation of both mycotoxins. this study confirmed previous observations that high levels of aflatoxin can coexist with fumonisin, with 55 maize lines showing a positive correlation coefficient between the concentrations of aflatoxin and fumonisin and 32 lines showing a negative correlation coefficient. these selected lines,particularly tUN61, may provide sources of resistance to mycotoxin contamination in breeding programs. However, the mechanism of resistance in this germplasm remains to be identified. Future research should also address factors that influence the fungus–plant interaction, such as herbivory and environmental stress.

关键词： Aflatoxin Fumonisin Inbredline Maize Mycotoxin

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Microscopic colitis:A large retrospective analysis from a health maintenance organization experience

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第25期15卷 3122-3127页

作者： Kevin t Kao Benito A Pedraza Amy C McClune David A Rios Yi-Qiong Mao robert H Zuch Michael H Kanter Sony Wirio Chris N Conteas Department of Gastroenterology Kaiser PermanenteLos Angeles Medical Center Los Angeles California 90027United States Department of Internal Medicine Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center Los Angeles California 90027 United States Department of Pathology Southern California Kaiser Permanente Medical Group California 90027 United States

AIM:to examine the demographic data on a large multi-ethnic population of patients with microscopic colitis (MC) in Southern California and to determine the association of MC with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal ***: All patients diagnosed with MC by colonic biopsy from 1996-2005 were identified utilizing a pathology database. All biopsies were reviewed by experienced pathologists utilizing standard histologic criteria. Patients' medical records were reviewed and data regarding patient age, co-morbidities, sex, ethnicity, and medications were analyzed. An age-and sexmatched standard control group was also generated. Chi-square test was used to evaluate the associations of co-morbidities between lymphocytic colitis (LC), collagenous colitis (CC) and the control ***: A total of 547 cases of MC were identif ied,376 patients with LC and 171 patients with CC. the female/male ratio was 3:1 in CC and 2.7:1 in LC patients. Celiac disease (Ptable bowel syndrome (IBS) (Pthyroid diseases (Pto have a higher occurrence in MC compared to the control group. No statistical differences in the occurrence of colorectal cancer, diabetes and IBD were found between the MC group and the control ***: this is the largest group of patients with MC known to the authors that has been studied to date. Conditions such as celiac disease, IBS, and thyroid diseases were found to be related to MC. Furthermore, neither an increased risk of colorectal cancer nor IBD was associated with MC in this study.

关键词：健康维护结肠炎组织

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Compact prototype microfabricated gas chromatographic analyzer for autonomous determinations of VOC mixtures at typical workplace concentrations

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2018年第1期4卷 390-399页

作者： Junqi Wang Jonathan Bryant-Genevier Nicolas Nuñovero Chengyi Zhang Bruce Kraay Changhua Zhan Kee Scholten robert Nidetz Sanketh Buggaveeti Edward t.Zellers Department of Chemistry University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Department of Environmental Health Sciences University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Applied Physics Program University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Department of Mechanical Engineering University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Center for Wireless Integrated MicroSensing and Systems University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA

this report concerns a benchtop prototype instrument containing a gas chromatographic microanalytical system(μGC)designed for the selective determination of multiple airborne volatile organic compounds(VOCs)at concentrations in the vicinity of recommended occupational exposure *** core microsystem consists of a set of discrete Si-microfabricated devices:a dualcavity,adsorbent-packed micro-preconcentrator-focuser(μPCF)chip that quantitatively captures and thermally desorbs/injects VOCs with vapor pressures between~0.03 and 13 kPa;tandem micro-column(μcolumn)chips with cross-linked PDMS wall-coated stationary phases capable of temperature-programmed separations;and an integrated array of fiveμchemiresistors(μCR)coated with different thiolate-monolayer protected gold nanoparticle(MPN)interface films that quantifies and further differentiates among the analytes by virtue of the response patterns *** key components include a pre-trap for low-volatility interferences,a split-flow injection valve,and an onboard He carrier–gas *** assembled unit measures 19×30×14 cm,weighs~3.5 kg,operates on AC power,and is laptop/LabVIEW ***-and system-level tests of performance demonstrated injection bandwidths o1 s,aμcolumn capacity of≥8μg injected mass,linear calibration curves,no humidity effects,excellent medium-term(that is,1 week)reproducibility,autonomous operation for 8 h,detection limits below threshold Limit Values(tLV)for 10 mL air samples collected in 1 min,and response patterns that enhanced vapor *** determination of a 17-VOC mixture in the presence of seven interferences was performed in 4 *** augur well for adapting the microsystem to an all-MEMS wearableμGC currently under parallel development.

关键词： gas chromatography micro-GC microsystem mixtures sensor array VOCs

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Avian introgression in the genomic era

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Avian Research 2017年第4期8卷 181-191页

作者： Jente Ottenburghs robert H.S.Kraus Pim van Hooft Sipke E.van Wieren Ronald C.Ydenberg Herbert H.t.Prins Resource Ecology Group Wageningen UniversityDroevendaalsesteeg 3a6708 PB WageningenThe Netherlands Department of Biology University of Konstanz78457 ConstanceGermany Department of Migration and Immuno-Ecology Max Planck Institute for OrnithologyAm Obstberg 178315 RadolfzellGermany Centre of Wildlife Ecology Simon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBC V5A 1S6Canada

Introgression,the incorporation of genetic material from one(sub)species into the gene pool of another by means of hybridization and backcrossing,is a common phenomenon in birds and can provide important insights into the speciation *** the last decade,the toolkit for studying introgression has expanded together with the development of molecular *** this review,we explore how genomic data,the most recent step in this methodological progress,impacts different aspects in the study of avian ***,the detection of hybrids and backcrosses has improved *** most widely used software package is *** discordance(*** loci resulting in discordant gene trees) is another means for the detection of introgression,although it should be regarded as a starting point for further analyses,not as a definitive proof of ***,disentangling introgression from other biological processes,such as incomplete lineage sorting,remains a challenging endeavour,although new techniques,such as the D-statistic,are being *** addition,phylogenetics might require a shift from trees to ***,the study of hybrid zones by means of geographical or genomic cline analysis has led to important insights into the complex interplay between hybridization and ***,because each hybrid zone study is just a single snapshot of a complex and continuously changing interaction,hybrid zones should be studied across different temporal and/or spatial scales.A third powerful tool is the genome *** debate on which evolutionary processes underlie the genomic landscape is still ongoing,as is the question whether loci involved in reproductive isolation cluster together in ‘islands of speciation' or whether they are scattered throughout the *** genomic landscapes across the avian tree of life will be an exciting field for further ***,the findings from these different methods shoul

关键词： Admixture Cline theory D-statictic Genomic landscape Hybridization Phylogenetic discordance

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DNA origami mediated electrically connected metal–semiconductor junctions

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Nano Research 2020年第5期13卷 1419-1426页

作者： Basu R.Aryal Dulashani R.Ranasinghe tyler R.Westover Diana G.Calvopia robert C.Davis John N.Harb Adam t.Woolley Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Brigham Young UniversityProvoUT 84602USA Department of Chemical Engineering Brigham Young UniversityProvoUT 84602USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Brigham Young UniversityProvoUT 84602USA

DNA-based nanofabrication of inorganic nanostructures has potential application in electronics,catalysis,and *** DNA metallization has generated conductive DNA-assembled nanostructures;however,the use of semiconductors and the development of well-connected nanoscale metal-semiconductor junctions on DNA nanostructures are still at an early ***,we report the first fabrication of multiple electrically connected metal-semiconductor junctions on individual DNA origami by location-specific binding of gold and tellurium *** attachment to DNA origami was via DNA hybridization for Au and by electrostatic interaction for *** gold plating was used to create nanoscale metal-semiconductor interfaces by filling the gaps between Au and te ***-point electrical characterization indicated that the Au-te-Au junctions were electrically connected,with current-voltage properties consistent with a Schottky ***-based nanofabrication of metal-semiconductor junctions opens up potential opportunities in nanoelectronics,demonstrating the power of this bottom-up approach.

关键词： current-voltage measurement DNA nanofabrication electroless plating gold nanorods nanoelectronics tellurium nanorods

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