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Genetic Enhancement of Indigenous Cowpea with Gamma-Ray Induced Trait Variation

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第8期15卷 651-676页

作者： Mathurin Tiergnin Dabiré Minimassom Philippe Nikiéma Djibril Yonli Safiatou Sanna Wossoguim Josué Gouba Siébou Palé Hamidou Traoré Joseph T. B. Batieno Varra Prasad Zacharia stewart Jan B. Middendorf Abhishek Rathore Anupama J. Hingane Unit de Formation et de Recherches en Sciences et Technologies Dpartement des Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre Universit Norbert ZONGO Koudougou Burkina Faso Institut de lEnvironnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of Agronomy Kansas State University Manhattan USA Center for Agriculture-Led Growth Bureau for Resilience and Food Security United States Agency for International Development United States Agency for International Development Washington DC USA International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) ICRISAT Campus Patancheru India Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications Plant Breeding and Genetics Laboratory International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Seibersdorf Vienna Austria

Production of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.), a staple legume crop in Sub-Saharan Africa, faces challenges due to biotic and abiotic constraints. Induced mutagenesis was deployed to create genetic variation in two cowpea varieties (KVX396-4-5-2D and Moussa local). The radio-sensitivity tests led to determe the lethal dose 50 (LD50) corresponding to 230 Gy and 220 Gy for KVX396-4-5-2D and Moussa local varieties, respectively. Dried seeds (M0) of each variety were gamma-ray irradiated with LD50 − 50, LD50 and LD50 + 50. M1 seeds were advanced to generate M2, M3 and M4 mutants using the single-seed-descent method. M4 mutant lines were evaluated in rain-fed conditions using a randomized complete block design to assess phenotypic differences. Data on seven qualitative and eleven quantitative traits were collected. The results indicated that the mutation induced variability in three qualitative traits: in KVX 396-4-5-2D mutant lines, with flower and seed color frequencies at 2.61% and 0.56% respectively, and pod dehiscence at a frequency of 0.24%. While in Moussa local mutants, a pod color changed at a frequency of 17%. ANOVA results revealed significant differences between mutants of both varieties for all quantitative traits, including photosynthetic parameters. Positive correlations were observed between leaf diameter and 100-seed weight, and between branch number and 100-seed weight. Hierarchical clustering revealed three clusters among KVX 396-4-5-2D mutants and six clusters among Moussa local mutants. Early maturity and high foliage were induced traits in Cluster 3 of KVX 396-4-5-2D mutants while high hundred-seed weight was induced in Cluster 6 of Moussa local mutants.

关键词： Cowpea Mutagenesis Gamma Rays Radio-Sensitivity Phenotyping

Applications and verification of a computational energy dynamics model for mine climate simulations

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2020年第4期30卷 483-493页

作者： G.Danko D.Bahrami C.stewart Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering University of NevadaRenoNV 89557USA School of Mechanical Engineering University of QueenslandQueensland 4072Australia

A complete thermodynamic model is described for temperature and heat flow distribution simulation for ventilation networks in underground *** method is called the Computational Energy Dynamics(CED)model of the heat,mass,and energy *** Thermal and Humidity(TH)transport elements of the full model are described for advection,convection,and accumulation,encompassing heat capacity,radiation,latent heat for evaporation,and condensation in the airways,as well as variable heat conduction and accumulation in the rock *** thermal flywheel effect for time-dependent temperature field applications is included in the model solution.A CED model validation exercise is described,directly evaluating the iterated,minimized energy balance errors for the mechanical and thermal energy components for each network branch after a converged solution is determined.A simulation example relevant to mine safety and health is shown with the CED-TH model,demonstrating its capabilities in efficiency and accuracy in comparison with measurement results.

关键词： Mine climate simulation Dynamic heat flow model Coupled heat and moisture transport Computational energy dynamics Mine safety and health

Was Wittgenstein an Analytic Philosopher？ Wittgenstein vs Russell

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Frontiers of Philosophy in China 2016年第1期11卷 35-53页

作者： stewart Candlish M204: Philosophy The University of Westem Australia 35 Stirling Highway Crawley PerthWA 6009 Australia

This article is in six main sections. In the first three sections, some indication of how and why philosophers have differed in their response to the title question is given by describing Wittgenstein＇s encounters with Carnap, and by examining Wittgenstein＇s commitment to clarity and argument in philosophy, illustrating this commitment by reference to his Philosophical Investigations discussion of the will. In the remaining three sections, Russell is taken as a paradigm example of a central kind of analytic philosopher. The answer to the title question is unfolded by sketching Wittgenstein＇s and Russell＇s treatments of a few philosophical topics and problems, focusing on theories and questions surrounding propositions, judgments, and their constituents, in particular Russell＇s multiple relation theory of judgment and the question of the unity of the proposition. This approach displays, and does not merely assert, Russell＇s deployment of （sometimes repeated variants of） technical solutions to philosophical problems and how that deployment contrasts with Wittgenstein＇s attempts to make such problems disappear.

关键词： Wittgenstein Russell clarity relations propositions unity

Bayesian network revealing pathways to workplace innovation and career satisfaction in the public service

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Journal of Management Analytics 2020年第2期7卷 253-280页

作者： Warit Wipulanusat Kriengsak Panuwatwanich Rodney A.stewart stewart L.Arnold Jue Wang Logistics and Business Analytics Center of Excellence and School of Engineering and Technology Walailak UniversityNakhonsithammaratThailand School of Civil Engineering and Technology Sirindhorn International Institute of TechnologyThammasat UniversityPathum ThaniThailand School of Engineering and Built Environment Griffith UniversityQueenslandAustralia Nanyang Business School Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore School of Social Sciences Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore

This paper examined the innovation process in the Australian Public Service(APS)using a Bayesian network(BN)founded on an empirically derived structural equation *** focus of the BN was to examine the impact of leadership style and organisational culture on workplace innovation and career satisfaction in the *** scenario analysis,the best combination of managerial actions for enhancing APS career satisfaction was *** results emphasise the benefit of encouraging management to adopt a transformational leadership style and instilling innovative culture in their *** addition,innovative culture was a key driver of workplace innovation,which served to improve the career satisfaction of APS *** are discussed to propose practical strategies for organisations wish to encourage innovation among employees.

关键词： innovation public sectors scenario analysis Bayesian network structural equation model

Fine tuning of the default depth and rate of ablation of the epithelium in customized trans-epithelial one-step superficial refractive excimer laser ablation

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Eye and Vision 2019年第1期6卷 331-337页

作者： Michael Goggin Peter stewart Vikija Andersons Giuseppe Criscenti South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia Brisbane Laser Sight Clinic BrisbaneAustralia Ashford Advanced Eye Care AdelaideAustralia iVis Technologies TarantoItaly

Purpose:To fine tune the default depth and rate of ablation of the epithelium in cTen^(TM) customized trans-epithelial one-step superficial refractive surgery by the comparison between the attempted post-operative ideal corneal shape and the achieved corneal ***:88 consecutive eyes in 64 patients undergoing trans-epithelial superficial excimer ablation using the iVis laser Suite for either myopic/astigmatic or hyperopic/astigmatic refractive *** patient had at least 3 months of post-operative *** examination of all eyes was carried out pre-operatively and at least 3 months post-operatively using the Precisio^(TM) surgical *** comparison of these two measurements yielded values for depth,volumes and rates of ablated corneal *** determining the different ablation rates of stroma and epithelium,a refinement of the depth of epithelium to be removed and a refinement of the stromal ablation were *** mathematical model was applied on each one of the 88 clinical cases and the parameters for the fine tuning of the default depth and rate of ablation of the epithelium were determined using the least squares ***:The calculated pure stromal ablation rate was less than the average epithelium/stroma ablation rate used in planning the treatments by a factor of *** epithelial thickness predefined ablation assumption used to plan removal of the epithelium was adjusted considering the measured ablation and a radial adjustment function established for the fine tuning of the laser radial efficiency and allowing for the normal thickening of the epithelium in the peripheral *** a clinical point of view,this methodology produces an improvement of the efficacy and a reduction of the variance of the clinical ***:Comparison of accurately measured pre and postoperative topographies yields accurately established ablation rates of stroma and epithelium in trans-epithelial one step superficial a

关键词： Transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy Epithelial ablation Epithelial thickness refinement Stromal ablation rate refinement

The role of rumen epithelial urea transport proteins in urea nitrogen salvage:A review

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第2期9卷 304-313页

作者： Chongliang Zhong Ruijun Long Gavin S.stewart College of Ecology State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystemsLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina School of Biology and Environmental Science University College DublinDublinIreland

The symbiotic relationship between the host and the rumen microbiome plays a crucial role in ruminant *** of the most important processes enabling this relationship is urea nitrogen salvaging(UNS).This process is important for both maintaining ruminant nitrogen balance and supporting production of their major energy supply,bacterially-derived short chain fatty acids(SCFA).The key step in UNS is the trans-epithelial movement of urea across the ruminal wall and this is a highly regulated *** the molecular level,the key transport route is via the facilitative urea transporter-B2,localized to ruminal papillae epithelial *** urea transport through aquaporins(AQP),such as AQP3,is now also viewed as ***-term regulation of these ruminal urea transport proteins appears to mainly involve dietary fermentable carbohydrates;whereas,transepithelial urea transport is finely regulated by local conditions,such as CO_(2) levels,pH and SCFA *** the key principles of ruminal urea transport physiology are now understood,there remains much that is unknown regarding the regulatory *** reason for this is the limited number of techniques currently used in many studies in the ***,future research in this area that combines a greater range of techniques could facilitate improvements to livestock efficiency,and potentially,reductions in the levels of waste nitrogen entering the environment.

关键词： Urea nitrogen salvaging Rumen Urea transporter Aquaporin UT-B AQP

High Order Schemes on Three-Dimensional General Polyhedral Meshes—Application to the Level Set Method

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Communications in Computational Physics 2012年第6期12卷 1-41页

作者： Thibault Pringuey R.stewart Cant CFD Laboratory Department of EngineeringUniversity of CambridgeTrumpington StreetCambridge CB21PZUK

In this article,we detail the methodology developed to construct arbitrarily high order schemes—linear and WENO—on 3D mixed-element unstructured meshes made up of general convex polyhedral *** approach is tailored specifically for the solution of scalar level set equations for application to incompressible two-phase flow *** construction of WENO schemes on 3D unstructured meshes is notoriously difficult,as it involves a much higher level of complexity than 2D *** due to the multiplicity of geometrical considerations introduced by the extra dimension,especially on mixed-element ***,we have specifically developed a number of algorithms to handle mixed-element meshes composed of convex polyhedra with convex polygonal *** contribution of this work concerns several areas of interest:the formulation of an improved methodology in 3D,the minimisation of computational runtime in the implementation through the maximum use of pre-processing operations,the generation of novel methods to handle complex 3D mixed-element meshes and finally the application of the method to the transport of a scalar level set.

关键词： WENO scheme three-dimensional unstructured mesh mixed element polyhedral element hyperbolic equations level set

Robust Conservative Level SetMethod for 3D Mixed-Element Meshes —Application to LES of Primary Liquid-Sheet Breakup

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Communications in Computational Physics 2014年第7期16卷 403-439页

作者： Thibault Pringuey R.stewart Cant CFD Laboratory Department of EngineeringUniversity of CambridgeUK.

In this article we detail the methodology developed to construct an efficient interface description technique—the robust conservative level set(RCLS)—to simulate multiphase flows on mixed-element unstructured meshes while conserving mass to machine *** approach is tailored specifically for industry as the three-dimensional unstructured approach allows for the treatment of very complex *** addition,special care has been taken to optimise the trade-off between accuracy and computational cost while maintaining the robustness of the numerical *** was achieved by solving the transport equations for the liquid volume fraction using a WENO scheme for polyhedral meshes and by adding a flux-limiter *** performance of the resulting method has been compared against established multiphase numerical methods and its ability to capture the physics of multiphase flows is demonstrated on a range of relevant test ***,the RCLS method has been applied to the simulation of the primary breakup of a flat liquid sheet of kerosene in co-flowing high-pressure *** quasi-DNS/LES computation was performed at relevant aero-engine conditions on a three-dimensional mixed-element unstructured *** numerical results have been validated qualitatively against theoretical predictions and experimental *** particular,the expected breakup regime was observed in the simulation ***,the computation reproduced faithfully the breakup length predicted by a correlation based on experimental *** constitutes a first step towards a quantitative validation.

关键词： Multiphase flow level set method flux limiter MULES WENO scheme threedimensional unstructured mesh mixed element conservative method atomisation primary breakup flat sheet breakup

Bioacoustic variation of swimbladder disturbance sounds in Neotropical doradoid catfishes （Siluriformes： Doradidae, Auchenipteridae）： Potential morphological correlates

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Current Zoology 2012年第1期58卷 171-188页

作者： Kaatz, Ingrid M. stewart, Donald J. Department of Environmental and Forest Biology SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry Syracuse NY 13210 USA

Swimbladder disturbance sounds of doradoid catfishes （Doradidae and Aucheniptefidae） demonstrated striking waveform and spectrographic variation. We surveyed sounds of 25 doradoid species in 20 genera comparing these to sounds of four vocal outgroup catfish families. Sounds were either continuous waveforms （lacking interpulses） or pulsed （groups of pulses repeated at fixed temporal intervals）. This is the first evidence for swimbladder calls with fixed interpulse patterns in catfishes. Vocal mechanism components that were similar between doradids and auchenipterids included： swimbladder shape, swimbladder dimensions and sonic muscle-somatic index. Morphological traits that showed variation among taxa and were evaluated for po- tential correlates of call diversity are： 1） diverticula （marginal outpocketings of the swimbladder with no connection to inner ear） and 2） elastic spring apparatus Mtillerian rami （ESA-Mr）. Within the doradid subfamilies and within the Auchenipteridae most species differed significantly in dominant frequency with frequency ranges overlapping to some extent for most. Doradid swim- bladder diverticula did not explain dominant frequency variation within the doradoid superfamily. Some doradids with conical ESA-Mr had the highest dominant frequency sounds. Auchenipterids included both relatively lower and higher dominant fre- quency sound producers but lacked diverticula and had discoidal ESA-Mr. Comparing a phylogeny of doradoid genera with out- group taxa, we infer that complex diverticula and conical ESA-Mr are derived characters within the Doradidae. Species repre- senting outgroup families produced either continuous lower dominant frequency sounds （aspredinids, mochokids and pseudopimelodids） or pulsed higher dominant frequency sounds （pimelodids） [Current Zoology 58 （1）： 171-188, 2012].

关键词： Catfishes Communication Signal evolution Vocal mechanisms