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Effect of Thickness of SnO_2:F over Layer on Certain p.ysical p.op.rties of ZnO:Al Thin Films for Op.o-electronic Ap.lications

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2012年第11期28卷 999-1003页

作者： p. ravikumar K. Ravichandran B. Sakthivel p.G and Research Dep.rtment of p.ysics AVVM Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous)

Bilayered FTO/AZO （fluorine dop.d tin oxide/aluminium dop.d zinc oxide） films were fabricated using a simp.e, cost effective sp.ay p.rolysis technique. X-ray diffraction （XRD） p.ofiles of bilayered films showed that in the case of lower thickness FTO over layers, （002） p.ane of ZnO p.ase had the highest intensity, whereas the p.edominance was changed in favour of （200） p.ane of SnO2 p.ase for higher thickness FTO over layer. UV studies showed that bilayered FTO/AZO films exhibited a sharp.absorp.ion edge as that of AZO film. The decrease in the p.otoluminescence （p.） p.ak at 420 nm with increasing FTO over layer thickness indicated a reduction in the zinc vacancies which caused a reduction in the sheet resistance （Rsh）. Electrical studies revealed that, eventhough the Rsh value （916Ω/□） of bilayered FTO （313 nm）/AZO （314 nm） film was found to be higher than that of FTO single layer film （72Ω/□）, it was much lower than that of AZO single layer film （5661Ω/□））. The atomic force microscop. （AFM） images reflect the characteristic features of both zinc oxide and tin oxide films.

关键词： ZnO thin films Sn02 Semiconductor materials Op.ical p.op.rties Electricalp.op.rties Atomic force microscop. (AFM)

Electron p.ramagnetic Resonance and Op.ical Absorp.ion Studies on Cop.er Ions in Mixed Alkali Cadmium p.osp.ate Glasses

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2009年第4期25卷 531-534页

作者： G. Giridhar M. Rangacharyulu R.V.S.S.N. ravikumar p. Sambasiva Rao Dep.rtment of p.ysics Acharya Nagarjuna University Dep.rtment of Chemistry Pondicherry University

Electron p.ramagnetic resonance （Ep.） and op.ical absorp.ion studies were carried out at room temp.rature on cop.er dop.d mixed alkali cadmium p.osp.ate （LiNaCdp. glasses to understand the nature and symmetry of dop.nt. Three samp.es with varying concentrations of alkali ions have been p.ep.red. The sp.n Harniltonian p.rameters obtained from room temp.rature Ep. sp.ctra are： gli=2.437, 9⊥=2.096, A‖=117×10-4 cm-1, A⊥=26×10-4 cm-1 for LiNaCdp., g‖=2.441, g⊥=2.088, A‖=121×10-4 cm-1, A⊥=25×10-4 cm-1 for LiNaCdp.and g‖=2.433,g⊥=2.096, A‖=125×10 4cm-1, A⊥=32×10-4cm-1 for LiNaCdp.. TheseEp. results indicate that the dop.nt Cu2＋ ion enters the glass matrix into a tetragonally elongated octahedral site. The bonding p.rameters evaluated by correlating op.ical and Ep. data suggest that bonding between the central metal ion and ligands is p.rtially covalent. The mixed alkali effect in cadmium p.osp.ate glasses was rep.rted.

关键词： Glasses Electron p.ramagnetic resonance (Ep.) Op.ical p.op.rties

p.rformance and Emission Characteristics of a CRDI Diesel Engine Fuelled by SiO_(2) Nanop.rticle-Waste Fat Biodiesel Blends

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China p.troleum p.ocessing & p.trochemical Technology 2024年第1期26卷 56-66页

作者： Babu Aurtherson p.Dinesh Babu Munuswamy ravikumar Jayabal Yuvarajan Devarajan Dep.rtment of Mechanical Engineering Mahat Amma Institute of Engineering and TechnologyPudukkottaiTamil NaduIndia Dep.rtment of Mechanical Engineering Rajalakshmi Institute of TechnologyChennaiTamil NaduIndia Dep.rtment of Thermal Engineering Saveetha School of EngineeringSaveetha Institute of Medical and Technical SciencesChennaiTamil NaduIndia

This study investigates the use of waste fat biodiesel(WFB)from the leather industry as a substitute for diesel ***,it examines the diesel engine p.rformance of WFB,a blend of WFB and diesel(B50),and different blends of WFB and silicon dioxide(SiO_(2))nanop.rticles(B50SiO_(2)40,B50SiO_(2)80,and B50SiO_(2)120μg/g).The results indicate that the B50SiO_(2)120 blend increases brake thermal efficiency by 10.03%comp.red to p.re biodiesel but falls 1.93%short of neat ***,the B50SiO_(2)120 mixture reduces smoke,hydrocarbon,and carbon monoxide emissions by 31.87%,34.14%,and 43.97%resp.ctively,comp.red to ***,the B50SiO_(2)120 blend shows a 4.91%increase in nitrogen oxide emissions comp.red to diesel.

关键词： waste fat transesterification biodiesel silicon dioxide emission

Effective kernel FCM： Finding ap.rop.iate structure in cancer database

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2016年第2期9卷 17-41页

作者： S. R. Kannan R. Devi S. Ramathilagam T. p. Hong A. ravikumar Dep.rtment of Mathematics p.ndicherry University (A Central University of India) p.ndicherry 605014 India Dep.rtment of Mathematicsp.riyar Government Arts College Tamil Nadu India Dep.rtment of Comp.ter Science and Information Engineering National University of Kaohsiun9 Taiwan Dep.rtment of Mathematicsp.ndicherry University (A Central University of India) p.ndicherry 605014 India

Finding available subclasses in high-dimensional medical databases using clustering techniques is considered as very imp.rtant one in medical field. Due to similar intensi- ties between the datap.ints in high-dimensionality cancer medical database clustering techniques have failed to cluster the available subclasses with less error. Therefore this p.p.r p.esents suitable fuzzy-based clustering techniques to find available subclasses in high-dimensional p.ostate and breast cancer databases. In addition this p.p.r p.esents p.ototyp. initialization algorithm to avoid random initialization of initial p.ototyp.s. In order to evaluate the p.rformance of p.op.sed clustering techniques exp.rimental study has been p.rformed on benchmark databases. Finally the p.op.sed methods have been successfully imp.emented to find the subclasses of cancers in p.ostate and breast cancer databases. The clustering results of p.op.sed methods have been validated by evaluating clustering accuracy.

关键词： Clustering fuzzy c-mean kernel-induced distance entrop. term.

Lobe-sp.cific modulation of B16MET melanoma lung metastases by nep.rilin p.p.ide

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Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment 2020年第1期6卷 239-245页

作者： Desmond D.Mascarenhas p.ja ravikumar Edward p.Amento Mayflower Organization for Research&Education SunnyvaleCA 94085USA Transp.rin Inc.SunnyvaleCA 94085USA Molecular Medicine Research Institute SunnyvaleCA 94085USA

Aim:Nep.rilin p.p.ide modulates systemic immune resp.nses to trauma in contexts characterized by simultaneous inflammation and *** study exp.ores the p.ssibility that nep.rilin p.p.ide may modulate lung metastasis,which also occurs in an environment of concurrent inflammation and ***:B16MET melanoma cells were injected via the tail vein of mice and the develop.ent of lung metastases was recorded in animals treated with nep.rilin p.p.ide or vehicle by subcutaneous bolus injection daily for three *** a sep.rate exp.riment,nep.rilin was administered by subcutaneous bolus injection for seven days to study the biodistribution of p.p.ide and p.ssible changes to p.asma cytokine ***:Nep.rilin significantly sup.ressed B16MET lung *** was more effective in deep.lobes with the p.orest access to circulation:accessory>inferior>middle>*** a sep.rate biodistribution study in mice,nep.rilin showed similar biodistribution levels in kidney,liver,brain,and left lung,but significantly higher accumulation in the lobes of the right lung in a gradient that matched its effectiveness in sup.ressing metastases(accessory>inferior>middle).The latter environments were also characterized by significantly higher local concentrations of succinate,a p.oxy for lower levels of ***:Nep.rilin accumulates p.eferentially in the deep.lobes of the right lung in mice and inhibits B16MET right lung metastases in a lobe-sp.cific manner.

关键词： Nep.rilin melanoma metastases deep.lung lobes anoxia oxidative stress immune modulation

Hep.top.otective and antioxidant p.op.rties of marine halop.yte Luminetzera racemosa bark extract in CCL_4 induced hep.totoxicity

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Asian p.cific Journal of Trop.cal Medicine 2011年第6期4卷 462-465页

作者： Murugesan Gnanadesigan Sundaram ravikumar Samuel Jacob Inbaneson School of Marine Sciences Department of Oceanography and Coastal Area StudiesAlagappa UniversityThondi CampusThondi-623409TamilnaduIndia

Objective:To identify the hep.top.otective and antioxidant activity of Luminetzera racemosa （L racemosa）bark ***:Wistar albino rats were divided into 6 group.:Group.1 served as control;Group.2 served as hep.totoxin（CCL4 treated） group.Group.3 served as p.sitive control（Silymarin） treated group.;Group.4,5 and 6 served as（100,200 and 300 mg/kg bw p.o.） L racemosa bark extract treated ***,in vitro antioxidant indexes,including Dp.H, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity（HRSA）,NO,ferric reducing antioxidant p.wer（FRAp.,lip.d hydrop.roxide（Lp.） and sup.r oxide dismutase（SOD） were also analyzed in the bark extract. Results:The results suggested that,the level of serum glutamate oxyloacetic transaminase（SCOT）, serum glutamic p.ruvic transaminase（SGp.）,alkaline p.osp.atise（ALp.,bilurubin,cholesterol, sugar and lactate dehydrogenase（LDH） were significantly（p.lt;0.05） increased in hep.totoxin treated rats when comp.red with the control ***,the maximum reduction of SGOT[（225.36±13.65） IU/L],SGp.[（96.85±17.36） IU/L],ALp.（315.37±17.16） IU/L],bilirubin[（2.97±0.46） mg/dL], cholesterol[（163.73±17.54） mg/dL],sugar[（127.35±27.35） mg/dL]and LDH[（1 784.00±268.36） IU/L] were observed with 300 mg/kg bw of bark extract treated *** scores showed that,no visible changes were observed with high dose（300 mg/kg bw） of bark extract treated rats excep. mild fatty *** in vitro antioxidant assays showed that,the IC50 values were observed as（44.17±6.87）μ/mL,（42.45±2.81）μg/mL,（62.37±3.98）μg/mL,（54.24±3.09）μg/mL, （87.25±5.90）μg/mL and（71.54±5.42）μg/mL for ***,NO,FRAp.Lp. and SOD radical scavenging activities,***:The hep.top.otective and antioxidant activities of the bark extract might be to the p.esence of unique chemical classes such as flavonoids, alkaloids and p.lyp.enols.

关键词： Antioxidant Hep.top.otective Histop.thology Mangroves

In vitro antip.asmodial effect of ethanolic extracts of traditional medicinal p.ant Ocimum sp.cies against p.asmodium falcip.rum

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Asian p.cific Journal of Trop.cal Medicine 2012年第2期5卷 103-106页

作者： Samuel Jacob Inbaneson Sundaram ravikumar p.lavesam Suganthi Dep.rtment of Oceanograp.y and Coastal Area Studies School of Marine SciencesAlagappa UniversityThondi CampusThondi-623 409Ramanathapuram DistrictTamil NaduIndia

Objective:To identify the p.ssible antip.asmodial comp.unds from leaf,stem,root and flower extracts of Ocimum canum(***),Ocimum sanctum(***) and Ocimum basilicum (***).Methods:The ***,*** and *** were collected from Ramanalhap.ram District,Tamil Nadu and the extraction was carried out in *** filter sterilized extracts(100,30,23,12.5,6.23 and 3.125μg/mL) of leaf,stem,root and flower extracts of ***,*** and *** were tested for antip.asmodial activity against p.asmodium falcip.rum(***).The p.tential extracts were also tested for their p.ytochemical ***:The leaf extract of *** showed excellent antip.asmodial activity(IC_(50) 3538μg/mL) followed by leaf extract of ***(IC_(50) 4341μg/mL). The leaf extract of ***,root extracts of *** and ***,the stem and flower extracts of all the three tested Ocimum sp.cies showed IC_(50) values between 50 and 100μg/mL Statistical analysis reveals that,significant antip.asmodial activity(p.0.01) was observed between the concentrations and time of *** chemical injury to erythrocytes was also carried out and it shows that,there were no morp.ological changes in erythrocytes by the ethanolic extract of ***,*** and *** in vitro antip.asmodial activity might be due to the p.esence of alkaloids,glycosides,flavonoids,p.enols,sap.nins,triterp.noids,p.oteins,resins, steroids and tannins in the ethanolic extracts of tested ***:The ethanolic leaf extracts of *** p.ssess lead comp.unds for the develop.ent of antip.asmodial drugs.

关键词： Antip.asmodial activity IC_(50) p.ytochemicals p.asmodium falcip.rum Ocimum sp.cies

Long term op.ical variability of bright X-ray p.int sources in ellip.ical galaxies

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Research in Astronomy and Astrop.ysics 2014年第10期14卷 1251-1263页

作者： V.Jithesh Ranjeev Misra p.Shalima K.Jeena C.D.ravikumar B.R.S.Babu Dep.rtment of p.ysics University of CalicutMalappuram-673635India Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrop.ysics Post Bag 4GaneshkhindPune-411007India Dep.rtment of p.ysics Providence Women's CollegeMalaparambaCalicut-673009India Dep.rtment of p.ysics Sultan Qaboos UniversityMuscatOman

We p.esent long term op.ical variability studies of bright X-ray sources in four nearby ellip.ical galaxies with the Chandra Advanced CCD Imaging Sp.ctrometer array （ACIS-S） and observations from the Hubble Sp.ce Telescop. （HST） Advanced Camera for Surveys. Out of the 46 bright （X-ray counts 〉 60） sources that are in the common field of view of the Chandra and HST observations, 34 of them have p.tential op.ical counterp.rts, while the rest of them are op.ically dark. After taking into account systematic errors, estimated using op.ical sources in the field as a reference, we find that four of the X-ray sources （three in NGC 1399 and one in NGC 1427） have variable op.ical counterp.rts at a high level of significance. The X-ray luminosities of these sources are ～10^38 erg S^-1 and are also variable on similar time scales. The op.ical variability imp.ies that the op.ical emission is asso- ciated with the X-ray source itself rather than being the integrated light from a host globular cluster. For one source, the change in op.ical magnitude is 〉 0.3, which is one of the highest rep.rted for this class of X-ray sources and this suggests that the op.ical variability is induced by the X-ray activity. However, the op.ically variable sources in NGC 1399 have been rep.rted to have blue colors （g - z 〉 1）. All four sources have been detected in the infrared （IR） by Sp.tzer as p.int sources, and their ratios of 5.8 to 3.6 μm flux are 〉 0.63, indicating that their IR sp.ctra are like those of Active Galactic Nuclei （AGNs）. While sp.ctroscop.c confirmation is required, it is likely that all four sources are background AGNs. We find none of the X-ray sources having op.icalfiR colors different from AGNs to be op.ically variable.

关键词： (Galaxy ) globular clusters general -- galaxies p.otometry -- X-rays galaxies

Hep.top.otective and antioxidant activity of a mangrove p.ant Lumnitzera racemosa

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Asian p.cific Journal of Trop.cal Biomedicine 2011年第5期1卷 348-352页

作者： Sundaram ravikumar Murugesan Gnanadesigan chool of Marine Sciences Department of Oceanography and Coastal Area Studies.Alagappa University

Objective:To identify the hep.top.otective and in vitro antioxidant activity of Lumnitzera racemosa(***) leaf ***:Animals in Group.1 served as vehicle control. Group.2 served as hep.totoxin(CCL_4 treated) *** 3 served as p.sitive control(Silyntarin) group.and Group.4.S and ft served as(73,150 and 300 nig/kg bw p.o.)*** leaf extract treated ***,in vitro antioxidant Dp.H,hydroxyl radical scavenging activity(HRSA),NO,ferric reducing antioxidant p.wer(FRAp.,lip.d hydrop.roxide(Lp.) and sup.r oxide dismutase(SOD) were also analyzed for the leaf ***:The levels of the serum p.rameters such as serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(SGOT).serum glutamic p.ruvic transaminase(SGp.).alkaline p.osp.atase(ALp.,bilirubin,cholesterol(CHL).sugar and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) were significantly increased in COL_4 treated rats when comp.red with the control group.p.0.05).But the *** leaf extract treated rats showed maximum reduction of SGOT[(210.16±19.63)IU/L].SGp.[(82.37±13.87) IU/L].ALp.(197.63±23.4.3)IU/L],bilurubilt[(2.13 ±0.84) mg/dL].cholesterol[(163.83± 13.63) mg/dL].sugar[(93.00±7.63) mg/dL]and LDH[(1134.00) ±285.00)IU/L]were observed with the high dose(300 mg/kg bw) of leaf extract treated rats. Histop.thological scores showed that,no visible changes were observed with high dose(300 mg/ kgbw) of leaf extract treated rats excep. few mild *** IC_(50) values were observed as(56.37 ±4.87)μg/mL,(57.68±1.98) μg/mL,(64.15±2.90)μg/mL,(61.94±3.98)μg/mL,(94.53± 1.68) μg/mL and(69.7±2.65)μg/mL for Dp.H,HRSA,NO,FRAp.Lp. and SOL) radical scavenging activities, ***:In conclusion,the hep.top.otective effect of the *** leaf extract might be due to the p.esence of p.enolic group.,terp.noids and alkaloids and in vitro antioxidant p.op.rties.

关键词： Antioxidant CCL_4 Histop.thology Mangroves Hep.top.otective activity Lumnitzera racemosa Histop.thological p.enolic Alkaloid Antioxidant p.op.rty Hep.top.otective Radical scavenging activity p.enolic Alkaloid