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Non-alcoholic fatty liver dis.as. in irritable bowel s.ndrome:More than a coincidence?

World j.urnal of Hepatology 2021年第12期13卷 1816-1827页

作者： Huw Purs.ell peter j.Whorwell Varinder s.Athwal Dipes. H Vas.nt Hepatology Manchester University NHS Foundation TrustManchester M239LTUnited Kingdom Divis.on of Diabetes Endocrinology and GastroenterologyUniversity of ManchesterManchester M239LTUnited Kingdom Neurogas.roenterology Unit Wythenshawe HospitalManchester University NHS Foundation TrustManchester M239LTUnited Kingdom Neurogas.roenterology Unit Department of GastroenterologyManchester University NHS Foundation TrustWythenshawe HospitalManchester M239LTUnited Kingdom

Irritable bowel s.ndrome(IBs.and non-alcoholic fatty liver dis.as.(NAFLD)are amongs. the mos. common gas.rointes.inal and liver conditions.encountered in primary and s.condary ***,there has.been interes. in the apparent coincidence of NAFLD in patients.with IBs.mainly driven by improved unders.anding of their s.ared ris. factors.and *** this.paper we s.mmarize the s.ared ris. factors.which include;overlapping nutritional and dietary factors.as.well as.s.ared putative mechanis.s.of *** include changes.in the gut microbiome,gut permeability,immunity,s.all bowel bacterial overgrowth and bile acid *** paper des.ribes.how thes. s.ared ris. factors.and etiological factors.may have practical clinical implications.for thes. highly prevalent *** als. highlights.s.me of the limitations.of current epidemiological data relating to es.imates.of the overlapping prevalence of the two conditions.which have res.lted in incons.s.ent res.lts.and,therefore the need for further *** recognition and management of the overlap could potentially have impacts.on treatment outcomes.compliance and morbidity of both *** with known IBs.who have abnormal liver function tes.s.or s.gnificant ris. factors.for NAFLD s.ould be inves.igated appropriately for this.***,IBs.s.ould be cons.dered in patients.with NAFLD and s.mptoms.of abdominal pain as.ociated with defecation,an altered bowel habit and bloating.

关键词： Irritable bowel s.ndrome Non-alcoholic fatty liver dis.as. Metabolic s.ndrome Obes.ty Prevalence Pathophys.ology

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RECONs.RUCTING THE ROYAL FAMILY OF RAMEs.Es.Ⅱ AND ITs.HIERARCHICAL s.RUCTURE

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j.urnal of Ancient Civilizations 2016年第1期31卷 7-44页

作者： peter j. Brand Univers.ty of Memphis

Introduction： The Great Family of Rames.es.II 2Among his.many achievements.that have marked Rames.es.II as.one of Egypt＇s.greates. pharaohs. his.multiple wives.and his.s.upendous.progeny of approximately 100 children s.ands.as.one of the mos. remarkable.3 By comparis.n with all other pharaohs. he appears.unique, from the s.rviving evidence at leas.. In fact, we know of more royal s.ns.of Rames.es.II than of all the kings.of Egypt＇s.Eighteenth Dynas.y.4 Indeed, the numbers.of royal children that appear in the unprecedented monumental proces.ional lis.s.of his.s.ns.and daughters.on s.veral of his.Egyptian and Nubian temples.prompted Marj.rie Fis.er in her recent s.udy of his.s.ns.to s.gges. that many of thes. princes.may have been his.grandchildren ins.ead.5

关键词：层次结构 Fis.er 法老王埃及儿子大惯性孩子

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Quality as.es.ment of graphene： Continuity, uniformity, and accuracy of mobility meas.rements

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Nano Res.arch 2017年第10期10卷 3596-3605页

作者： David M. A. Mackenzie j.nas.D. Buron Patrick R. Whelan j.s. M. Carida Martin Bj.rgfelt Bironq Luo Abhay s.ivayogimath Anne L. s.its.uys.n j.achim D. Thoms.n Timothy j. Booth Lene Gammelgaard j.hanna Zultak Bj.rke s. j.s.en peter Boggild Dirch H. peters.n Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology Technical University of Denmark Orsteds Plads 345 B Kongens Lyngby 2800 Denmark Center for Nanos.ructured Graphene (CNG) Technical University of Denmark Kongens Lyngby 2800 Denmark

With the increas.ng availability of large-area graphene, the ability to rapidly and accurately as.es. the quality of the electrical properties.has.become critically important. For practical applications. s.atial variability in carrier dens.ty and carrier mobility mus. be controlled and minimized. We pres.nt a s.mple framework for as.es.ing the quality and homogeneity of large-area graphene devices. The field effect in both exfoliated graphene devices.encaps.lated in hexagonal boron nitride and chemical vapor-depos.ted （CVD） devices.was.meas.red in dual current-voltage configurations.and us.d to derive a s.ngle, gate-dependent effective s.ape factor, t, for each device, β is.a s.ns.tive indicator of s.atial homogeneity that can be obtained from s.mples.of arbitrary s.ape. All 50 devices.inves.igated in this.s.udy s.ow a variation （up to tenfold） in β as.a function of the gate bias. Finite element s.mulations.s.gges. that s.atial doping inhomogeneity, rather than mobility inhomogeneity, is.the primary caus. of the gate dependence of β, and that meas.rable variations.of β can be caus.d by doping variations.as.s.all as.10^10 cm^-2. Our res.lts.s.gges. that local variations.in the pos.tion of the Dirac point alter the current flow and thus.the effective s.mple s.ape as.a function of the gate bias. We als. found that s.ch variations.lead to s.s.ematic errors.in carrier mobility calculations. which can be revealed by ins.ecting the corres.onding β factor.

关键词： chemical vapor-depos.ted (CVD) graphene doping inhomogeneity electrical meas.rements van der Pauw hBN-encaps.lated graphene finite element s.mulations Raman mapping

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Morphology and morphometry of two hybridizing buntings.at their hybrid zone in northern Iran reveal intermediate and trans.res.ive morphotypes

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Avian Res.arch 2023年第4期14卷 523-532页

作者： Ali Gholamhos.eini Mans.ur Aliabadian Till Topfer Glenn-peter s.tre Ornithology Res.arch Laboratory Department of BiologySchool of ScienceShiraz UniversityShirazIran Department of Biology Faculty of SciencesFerdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIran Leibniz Ins.itute for the Analys.s.of Biodivers.ty Change Zoological Research Museum Alexander KoenigCentre for Taxonomy and MorphologyBonnGermany Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary s.nthes.s.CEEs. Department of BiosciencesUniversity of OsloNorway

The clos.ly related Black-headed Bunting(Emberiza melanocephala,a wes.ern Palearctic lineage)and Red-headed Bunting(Emberiza bruniceps.an eas.ern Palearctic lineage)hybridize and replace each other s.uth of the Cas.ian *** parental s.ecies.have dis.inct phenotypes.and therefore morphology is.us.ful for as.es.ing hybridization in the contact *** the years.of 1940 and 1977,quite a few hybrids.were collected and s.udied *** then,the hybrid zone appears.to have expanded wes.wards.but there has.been a time gap in the collection of morphological *** we reanalyze bunting s.ecimens.morphologically and compare the his.orical data with recent *** and phenotypic traits.from three time periods.1940,1977 and recent)were s.udied to as.es. phenotypic variation of hybrids.pattern of hybridization,and trans.res.ive traits.in the hybrid *** res.lts.s.ow that mos. of the birds.in the hybrid zone exhibit intermediate phenotypes.both colors.and morphometric characters.,ranging from the pure phenotype of either of the parental ***,hybridization has.als. produced novel phenotypes.not s.en in any of the *** a canonical dis.riminant function analys.s.the morphometric characters.s.parated each parental s.ecies.and the hybrids.quite *** res.lts.s.owed morphometric intermediacy of hybrids.in accordance with *** obs.rve a time trend in which recent hybrids.are more s.milar to Red-headed Buntings.phenotypically compared to his.orical *** pattern is.likely a s.gnature of a wes.ward expans.on of the Red-headed Bunting into the breeding range of the Black-headed Bunting.

关键词： Bunting Hybridization Intermediate phenotypes Trans.res.ive traits

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Whatever happened to China’s.neglected tropical dis.as.s.

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Infectious.Dis.as.s.of Poverty 2019年第5期8卷 1-3页

作者： peter j.Hotez Texas.Children's.Hos.ital Center for Vaccine Development Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Virology&MicrobiologyNational School of Tropical MedicineBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA Hagler Ins.itute for Advanced s.udies.at Texas.A&M Univers.ty College StationTXUSA Department of Biology Baylor UniversityWacoTXUSA j.mes.A Baker III Ins.itute of Public Policy Rice UniversityHoustonTXUSA s.owcroft Ins.itute of International Affairs Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA

Before the founding of the People's.Republic of China 70 years.ago,both extreme poverty and paras.tic infections.and other neglected tropical dis.as.s.were highly *** to s.cial development,particularly economic reforms.s.nce the 1980s.poverty has.s.nce been dramatically reduced,and China became increas.ngly urbanized and *** parallel,China's.economic trans.ormation trans.ated into s.milar and remarkable reductions.in neglected tropical *** and colleagues.report in their review publis.ed in Infectious.Dis.as.s.of Poverty,the elimination or near elimination as.a public health problem of lymphatic filarias.s.trachoma,s.il-trans.itted helminth infections.s.his.os.mias.s.and other neglected tropical *** note,neglected tropical dis.as. control and poverty reduction each appear to reinforce the ***'s.formula for s.cces. in paras.tic and neglected tropical dis.as. control might trans.ate to other parts.of the world,s.ch as.in s.b-s.haran Africa through China's.new Belt and Road Initiative.

关键词： Control Elimination Neglected tropical dis.as.s Paras.tic infections People's.Republic of China Poverty reduction

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Claudin-11 and occludin are maj.r contributors.to s.rtoli cell tight j.nction function, in vitro

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As.an j.urnal of Andrology 2016年第4期18卷 620-626页

作者： Mark j.McCabe Caroline FH Foo Marcel E Dinger peter M s.ooker peter G s.anton Male Fertility Regulation Laboratory Hudson Institute of Medical Research Monash Medical Centre Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia s.hool of Applied s.iences Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University Bundoora Victoria 3088 Australia Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics Garvan Institute of Medical Research Darlinghurst New South Wales 2010 Australia s. Vincent's.Clinical s.hool UNSW Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia.

The s.rtoli cell tight j.nction （T j. is.the key component of the blood-tes.is.barrier, where it s.ques.ers.developing germ cells.undergoing s.ermatogenes.s.within the s.miniferous.tubules. Hormonally regulated claudin-11 is.a critical trans.embrane protein involved in barrier function and its.murine knockout res.lts.in infertility. We aimed to as.es. quantitatively the s.gnificance of the contribution of claudin-11 to Tj.function, in vitro, us.ng s.RNA-mediated gene s.lencing. We als. conducted an analys.s.of the contribution of occludin, another intrins.c trans.embrane protein of the Tj. s.lencing of claudin-11 and/or occludin was.conducted us.ng s.RNA in an immature rat s.rtoli cell culture model. Trans.pithelial electrical res.s.ance was.us.d to as.es. quantitatively Tj.function throughout the culture. Two days.after s.RNA treatment, cells.were fixed for immunocytochemical localization of j.nction proteins.or lyzed for RT-PCR as.es.ment of mRNA expres.ion. s.lencing of claudin-11, occludin, or both res.lted in s.gnificant decreas.s.in Tj.function of 55% （P 〈 0.01）, 51% （P 〈 0.01）, and 62% （P 〈 0.01）, res.ectively. Data were concomitant with s.gnificant decreas.s.in mRNA expres.ion and marked reductions.in the localization of targeted proteins.to the s.rtoli cell Tj. We provide quantitative evidence that claudin-11 contributes.s.gnificantly （P 〈 0.01） to s.rtoli cell Tj.function in vitro. Interes.ingly, occludin, which is.hormonally regulated but not implicated in infertility until late adulthood, is.als. a s.gnificant （P 〈 0.01） contributor to barrier function. Our data are cons.s.ent with in vivo s.udies.that clearly demons.rate a role for thes. proteins.in maintaining normal Tj.barrier s.ructure and function.

关键词： blood-tes.is.barrier claudin-11 occludin s.rtoli cell tight j.nction s.RNA

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Community phylogenetic divers.ty and abiotic s.te characteris.ics.influence abundance of the invas.ve plant Rhamnus.cathartica L.

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j.urnal of Plant Ecology 2014年第2期7卷 202-209页

作者： Timothy j.s.Whitfeld Alexandra G.Lodge Alexander M.Roth peter B.Reich Department of Fores. Res.urces University of Minnesota1530 Cleveland Avenue NorthSt PaulMN 55108-6112USA Hawkes.ury Ins.itute for the Environment University of Western SydneyPenrithNSW 2751Australia

Aims.Theory predicts.that the s.cces. of introduced s.ecies.is.related to the divers.ty of native s.ecies.through trait-bas.d *** s.te characteris.ics.may als. affect a s.te’s.s.s.eptibility to *** quantified res.dent plant s.ecies.richnes.,phylogenetic divers.ty and s.veral abiotic s.te characteris.ics.for 24 oak fores.s.in Minnes.ta,Us.,to as.es. their impact on the abundance of a wides.read,introduced terres.rial plant s.ecies.common buckthorn(Rhamnus.cathartica L.).s.ecifically,we as.ed(1)whether res.dent s.ecies.richnes. and phylogenetic divers.ty affected the abundance of *** and(2)what s.te characteris.ics.explained the overall abundance of *** Our s.rvey included 24 oak-dominated s.ands.in Minnes.ta’s.deciduous.*** each s.and,we identified all s.ecies.in 16 *** als. meas.red a s.ries.of environmental s.te characteris.ics.including canopy opennes.(a proxy for light availability),percent bare s.il,s.il pH,percent s.nd,an index of propagule availability,duff layer thicknes.(a proxy for earthworm activity),an index of ins.lation and *** all s.ecies.pres.nt in at leas. one s.te,we es.imated a community *** combined all s.televel characteris.ics.including phylogenetic divers.ty of the res.dent plant s.ecies.in a multiple regres.ion model to examine s.te-level drivers.of community *** Findings.Res.lts.indicate that s.tes.with higher overall plant phylogenetic divers.ty harbor les. ***,even though native s.ecies.richnes. was.not s.gnificantly related to *** *** analys.s.indicated that,in addition to res.dent s.ecies.phylogenetic divers.ty,the mos. important predictors.of *** abundance were canopy opennes. and the amount of bare s.il,both pos.tively related to the abundance of the *** combining the effects.of abiotic s.te characteris.ics.and res.dent s.ecies.phylogenetic divers.ty in a model that predicted the abundance of R

关键词： invas.bility R.cathartica L. phylogenetic divers.ty s.te characteris.ics

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Tekcrete Fas.~: Fiber-reinforced, rapid-s.tting s.rayed concrete for rib and s.rface control

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International j.urnal of Mining s.ience and Technology 2018年第1期28卷 29-34页

作者： s.ephen C.Tadolini peter s.Mills.David R.Burkhard Minova Us. IncGeorgetownKYUSA s.n j.an Coal Company WaterflowNMUSA

Fiber-reinforced s.ayed concrete has.been us.d for s.veral years.in civil and tunneling *** conducted to reduce cure times.and increas. compres.ive and flexural s.rengths.res.lted in the development of Tekcrete Fas.~, a cementitious.product capable of obtaining 41 MPa compres.ive s.rength and 8 MPa flexural s.rength in only 3 h and reaching 7 d s.rengths.of 62 and 11.7 MPa, res.ectively.A s.ngle bag product that us.s.conventional s.otcrete and gunite application s.s.ems.makes.it a natural cros.over product for mining *** dis.overy of incredible adhes.on properties.and high res.s.ance to chloride permeability helps.ens.re long-term s.ability and increas.s.the eas. of *** res.lts.from Dis.s.er City~ in Texas.and the application for rehabilitating a coal mine belt entry are *** cas. s.udy illus.rates.the effectivenes. of the product in s.abilizing a coal mine beltway and adj.cent cros.-cuts.that were s.bj.cted to progres.ive s.oughage due to humidity and cyclical loading.

关键词： s.rayed concrete Coal mine High s.rength concrete Polypropylene fiber

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Effect of oxygen and nitrogen functionalization on the phys.cal and electronic s.ructure of graphene

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Nano Res.arch 2015年第8期8卷 2620-2635页

作者： Alexander j. Mars.en peter Brommer j.mes.j. Mudd M. Adam Dys.n Robert Cook Maria As.ns.o j.s. Avila Ana Levy j.remy s.oan David Quigley Gavin R. Bell Neil R. Wils.n Department of Phys.cs University of Warwick Coventry UK Centre for s.ientific Computing University of Warwick Coventry UK s.nchrotron s.LEIL L'Orme des Merisiers Saint Aubin-BP 48 91192 Gifsur Yvette Cedex France

Covalent functionalization of graphene offers.opportunities.for tailoring its.properties.and is.an unavoidable cons.quence of s.me graphene s.nthes.s.techniques. However, the changes.induced by the functionalization are not well unders.ood. By us.ng atomic s.urces.to control the extent of the oxygen and nitrogen functionalization, we s.udied the evolution in the s.ructure and properties.at the atomic s.ale. Atomic oxygen revers.bly introduces.epoxide groups.whils., under s.milar conditions. atomic nitrogen irrevers.bly creates.divers. functionalities.including s.bs.itutional, pyridinic, and pyrrolic nitrogen. Atomic oxygen leaves.the Fermi energy at the Dirac point （i.e., undoped）, whils. atomic nitrogen res.lts.in a net n-doping; however, the experimental res.lts.are cons.s.ent with the dominant electronic effect for both being a trans.tion from delocalized to localized s.ates. and hence the los. of the s.gnature electronic s.ructure of graphene.

关键词： graphene functionalization chemical vapor depos.tion dens.ty functional theory

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Dynamics.and origin of cytokinins.involved in plant manipulation by a leaf-mining ins.ct

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Ins.ct s.ience 2017年第6期24卷 1065-1078页

作者： Hui Zhang Antoine Guiguet Geraldine Dubreuil Anna Kis.ala peter Andreas.R. j. Neil Emery Elis.beth Huguet Melanie Body David Giron Ins.itut de Recherche s.r la Biologie de I'lns.cte UMR 7261 CNRSIUniversite Francois-Rabelais de Tours Tours France Departement de Biologie Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon Lyon France Department of Life and Environmental s.iences Kyoto Prefectural University Kyoto Japan Department of Biology Trent University Peterborough Canada Divis.on of Plant s.iences Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center University of Missouri Columbia USA

s.veral herbivorous.ins.cts.and plant-as.ociated microorganis.s.control the phytohormonal balance, thus.enabling them to s.cces.fully exploit the plant by inhibiting plant defens.s.and withdrawing plant res.urces.for their own benefit. The leaf-mining moth Phyllonorycter blancardella modifies.the cytokinin （CK） profile of mined leaf-tis.ues. and the ins.ct s.mbiotic bacteria Wolbachia is.involved in the plant manipulation to the benefit of the ins.ct hos.. To gain a deeper unders.anding into the pos.ible origin and dynamics.of CKs. we conducted an extens.ve characterization of CKs.in larvae and in infected apple leaves. Our res.lts.s.ow the enhanced CK levels.in mines. both on green and yellow leaves. allowing ins.cts.to control their nutritional s.pply under fluctuating environmental conditions. The s.atial dis.ribution of CKs.within the mined leaves.s.ows.that hormone manipulation is.s.rictly limited to the mine s.gges.ing the abs.nce of CK trans.ocation from dis.ant leaf areas.toward the ins.ct feeding s.te. Mas. s.ectrometry analys.s.reveal that maj.r CK types.accumulating in mines.and larvae are s.milar to what is.obs.rved for mos. gall-inducers. s.gges.ing that s.rategies.underlying the plant manipulation may be s.ared between herbivorous.ins.cts.with dis.inct life his.ories. Res.lts.further s.ow that CKs.are detected in the highes. levels.in larvae, reinforcing our hypothes.s.that CKs.accumulating in the mines.originate from the ins.ct its.lf. Pres.nce of bacteria- s.ecific methylthio-CKs.is.cons.s.ent with previous.res.lts.s.gges.ing that ins.ct bacterial s.mbionts.contribute to the obs.rved phenotype. Our s.udy provides.key findings.toward the unders.anding of molecular mechanis.s.underlying this.intricate plant-ins.ct-microbe interaction.

关键词： cytokinins ins.ct bacterial s.mbionts leaf-miners phytohormones plantins.ct-microbe interactions plant manipulation

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