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Prenatal multiple micronutrient-fortified balanced energy-protein supplementation and newborn telomere length and mitochondrial DNA content: a randomized controlled efficacy trial in rural Burkina Faso

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Giles T.Hanley-Cook Yuri Bastos-moreira Dries S.martens Trenton Dailey-Chwalibóg Laeticia Celine Toe Brenda de Kok Lionel Ouédraogo Alemayehu Argaw Kokeb Tesfamariam patrick Kolsteren Lieven Huybregts Tim S.Nawrot Sarah De Saeger marthe De Boevre Carl Lachat Department of Food Technology， Safety and Health， Faculty of Bioscience Engineering， Ghent University Center of Excellence in mycotoxicology and Public Health， mYTOXSOUTH~(?) Coordination Unit， Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences， Ghent University Centre for Environmental Sciences， Hasselt University Unité Nutrition et maladies métaboliques， Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS) Centre muraz Center of Excellence in mycotoxicology and Public Health， mYTOXSOUTH? Coordination Unit， Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences， Ghent University Nutrition， Diets， and Health Unit， Department of Food and Nutrition Policy， International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Department of Public Health & Primary Care， University of Leuven Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology， Faculty of Science， University of Johannesburg， Doornfontein Campus

Background: Evidence regarding the effectiveness of prenatal nutritional supplements has mainly considered anthropometric pregnancy outcomes. The effect on markers of health and disease， such as offspring telomere length (TL) and mitochondrial DNA content (mtDNAc) is unknown. Objectives: We assessed the efficacy of maternal multiple micronutrient (mmN)-fortified balanced-energy protein (BEP) and iron-folic acid (IFA) supplementation on newborn TL as a secondary outcome and mtDNAc as a non-declared outcome. Design: We conducted a randomized controlled trial in rural Burkina Faso， among pregnant females (15-40 years old) enrolled at mothers received either mmN-fortified BEP and IFA (intervention) or IFA only (control) throughout pregnancy. Whole arterial blood samples were collected from the umbilical cord of 104 control and 90 intervention group infants， respectively. Average relative TL and mtDNAc were measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Linear regression models were fitted to assess TL and mtDNAc differences across trial arms. Results: We found that a combined daily mmN-fortified BEP supplement and IFA tablet did not affect newborn TL [β = -0.010 (95% CI: -0.057， 0.036); P = 0.662] or mtDNAc [β = 0.065 (95% CI: -0.203， 0.073); P = 0.354]， as compared to an IFA tablet alone. These findings were confirmed (P > 0.05) by adjusting the regression models for potential prognostic factors of study outcomes at enrollment. Exploratory analyses indicated higher， but non-significantly different mtDNAc among children born either small-for-gestational age， low birthweight， or preterm. Conclusions: Newborns from mothers who received daily nutritional supplements across gestation did not have different relative TL or mtDNAc.

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Effects of human disturbance on liana community diversity and structure in a tropical rainforest, malaysia: implication for conservation

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2012年第4期5卷 391-399页

作者： patrick Addo-Fordjour Zakaria B.Rahmad A.m.S.Shahrul School of Biological Sciences Universiti Sains MalaysiaPenangMalaysia

Aim Due to the important role of lianas in the functioning of forest ecosystem,knowledge of the factors that affect them are important in the management of ***,there are conflicting reports on the response of liana communities to disturbance,calling for more research in the *** present study was carried out to investigate the response of liana diversity and structure to human disturbance within two major forests in the Penang National Park,*** study also looked at the implication of the findings for *** A total of 15 40×40-m^(2)(or 40-m×40-m)plots each were randomly located across a range of habitats in a primary forest and disturbed secondary *** with diameter at breast height≥10 cm were examined for lianas with diameter≥2 *** lianas and trees were enumerated and compared between the two *** and structural variables of lianas were compared between the two forests using the t-test *** abundance was also compared between the two forests with t-test,while linear regression analysis was run to determine the effects of tree abundance on liana *** Findings A total of 46 liana species belonging to 27 genera and 15 families were identified in the *** disturbance significantly reduced liana species richness and species diversity in the secondary *** abundance remained the same in both forests whereas liana basal area was;7 times higher in the primary *** and hook climbers were significantly more abundant in the primary and secondary forest,*** diameter lianas were more abundant in the primary forest compared with the secondary *** diameter distribution of most families in the primary forest followed the inverted J-shaped curve whereas only a few of the families in the secondary forest did *** abundance was significantly higher in the primary *** abundance of lianas significantly depended on tree abundance in all the f

关键词： climbing mechanism conservation liana diversity and structure human disturbance

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The art of building bone: emerging role of chondrocyte-to-osteoblast transdifferentiation in endochondral ossification

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Bone Research 2018年第3期6卷 217-225页

作者： patrick Aghajanian Subburaman mohan musculoskeletal Disease Center Veterans Affairs Loma Linda Healthcare System Department of medicine Loma Linda University Department of Orthopedics Loma Linda University Department of Biochemistry Loma Linda University

There is a worldwide epidemic of skeletal diseases causing not only a public health issue but also accounting for a sizable portion of healthcare expenditures. The vertebrate skeleton is known to be formed by mesenchymal cells condensing into tissue elements(patterning phase) followed by their differentiation into cartilage(chondrocytes) or bone(osteoblasts) cells within the condensations. During the growth and remodeling phase, bone is formed directly via intramembranous ossification or through a cartilage to bone conversion via endochondral ossification routes. The canonical pathway of the endochondral bone formation process involves apoptosis of hypertrophic chondrocytes followed by vascular invasion that brings in osteoclast precursors to remove cartilage and osteoblast precursors to form bone. However, there is now an emerging role for chondrocyte-to-osteoblast transdifferentiation in the endochondral ossification process. Although the concept of "transdifferentiation" per se is not recent,new data using a variety of techniques to follow the fate of chondrocytes in different bones during embryonic and post-natal growth as well as during fracture repair in adults have identified three different models for chondrocyte-to-osteoblast transdifferentiation(direct transdifferentiation, dedifferentiation to redifferentiation, and chondrocyte to osteogenic precursor). This review focuses on the emerging models of chondrocyte-to-osteoblast transdifferentiation and their implications for the treatment of skeletal diseases as well as the possible signaling pathways that contribute to chondrocyte-to-osteoblast transdifferentiation processes.

关键词： cartilage(chondrocytes)or bone(osteoblasts) chondrocyte-to-osteoblast

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modeling and measuring glucose diffusion and consumption by colorectal cancer spheroids in hanging drops using integrated biosensors

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microsystems & Nanoengineering 2022年第1期8卷 193-210页

作者： Nassim Rousset Rubén López Sandoval mario matteo modena Andreas Hierlemann patrick m.misun ETH Zürich Department of Biosystems Science and EngineeringBio Engineering LaboratoryMattenstrasse 26CH-4058 BaselSwitzerland

As 3D in vitro tissue models become more pervasive,their built-in nutrient,metabolite,compound,and waste gradients increase biological relevance at the cost of analysis *** these gradients and the resulting metabolic heterogeneity requires invasive and time-consuming *** alternative is using electrochemical biosensors and measuring concentrations around the tissue model to obtain size-dependent metabolism *** our hanging-dropintegrated enzymatic glucose biosensors,we conducted current measurements within hanging-drop compartments hosting spheroids formed from the human colorectal carcinoma cell line *** developed a physics-based mathematical model of analyte consumption and transport,considering(1)diffusion and enzymatic conversion of glucose to form hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))by the glucose-oxidase-based hydrogel functionalization of our biosensors at the microscale;(2)H_(2)O_(2)oxidation at the electrode surface,leading to amperometric H_(2)O_(2)readout;(3)glucose diffusion and glucose consumption by cancer cells in a spherical tissue model at the microscale;(4)glucose and H_(2)O_(2)transport in our hangingdrop compartments at the macroscale;and(5)solvent evaporation,leading to glucose and H_(2)O_(2)*** model relates the measured currents to the glucose concentrations generating the *** low limit of detection of our biosensors(0.4±0.1μm),combined with our current-fitting method,enabled us to reveal glucose dynamics within our *** measuring glucose dynamics in hanging-drop compartments populated by cancer spheroids of various sizes,we could infer glucose distributions within the spheroid,which will help translate in vitro 3D tissue model results to in vivo.

关键词： diffusion hanging simplicity

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Biogeography of the Shimba Hills ecosystem herpetofauna in Kenya

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Zoological Research 2018年第2期39卷 97-104页

作者： patrick K. malonza David m. mulwa Joash O. Nyamache Georgina Jones Section of Herpetology National Museums of Kenya Nairobi 40658-00100 Kenya Base Titanium Ltd Ukunda 1214-80400 Kenya Sino-Africa Joint Research Center Chinese Academy of Sciences Nairobi 40658-00100 Kenya

The Shimba Hills ecosystem along the south coast of Kenya is a key East African biodiversity hotspot. Historically, it is biogeographically assignable to the East African coastal biome. We examined the current Shimba Hills herpetofauna and their zoogeographical affinities to the coastal forests and nearby Eastern Arc mountains biodiversity hotspots. The key studied sites included the Shimba Hills National Reserve, forest reserves, Kaya forests, and adjacent private land. Data on herpetofaunal richness were obtained from recent field surveys, literature, and specimens held at the National museums of Kenya, Herpetology Section Collection, Nairobi. The makadara, mwele, and Longo- mwagandi forests within the Shimba Hills National Reserve hosted the highest number of unique and rare species. Generally, the forest reserves and Kaya forests were important refuges for forest- associated species. On private land, mukurumudzi Dam riparian areas were the best amphibian habitat and were host to three IUCN （Red List） Endangered- EN amphibian species, namely, Boulengerula changamwensis, Hyperolius rubrovermiculatus, and Afrixalus sylvaticus, as well as one snake species Elapsoidea nigra. Using herpetofauna as zoogeographic indicators, the Shimba Hills were determined to be at a crossroads between the coastal forests （13 endemic species） and the Eastern Arc mountains （seven endemic species）. most of the Eastern Arc mountains endemic species were from recent records, and thus more are likely to be found in the future. This ＇hybrid＇ species richness pattern is attributable to the hilly topography of the Shimba Hills and their proximity to the Indian Ocean. This has contributed to the Shimba Hills being the richest herpetofauna area in Kenya, with a total of 89 and 38 reptile and amphibian species, respectively. Because of its unique zoogeography, the Shimba Hills ecosystem is undoubtedly a key biodiversity area for conservation investment.

关键词： Amphibianscoastal forests: Easternspecies ZoogeographyReptiles Eastern AfricaArc mountains: Indicator

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Retinal vein thrombosis associated with pegylated-interferon and ribavirin combination therapy for chronic hepatitis C

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第30期12卷 4908-4910页

作者： Iman Zandieh mohamed Adenwalla Cindy Cheong-Lee patrick E ma Eric m Yoshida Division of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada Department of Ophthal- mology University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada Department of Ophthalmology University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada

An estimated 300 million people worldwide suffer from chronic hepatitis C with a prevalence of 0.8%-1.0% of the general population in Canada. An increasing pool of evidence exists supporting the use of pegylated-interferon （pegIFN） and ribavirin combination therapy for hepatitis C. We report a 49-year old male of North American aboriginal descent with chronic hepatitis C （genotype 2b）. Biopsy confirmed that he had cirrhosis with a 2-wk history of left eye pain and decreased visual acuity. He developed retinal vein thrombosis after 16 of 24 wk of pegIFN-α 2a and ribavirin combination therapy. He was urgently referred to a retinal specialist and diagnosed with non-ischemic central retinal vein occlusion of the left eye. PegIFN and ribavirin combination therapy was discontinued and HCV RNA was undetectable after 16 wk of treatment. Hematologic investigations revealed that the patient was a factor V Leiden heterozygote with mildly decreased protein C activity. Our patient had a number of hypercoagulable risk factors, including factor V Leiden heterozygosity, cirrhosis, and hepatitis C that alone would have most likely remained clinically silent. We speculate that in the setting of pegIFN treatment, these risk factors may coalesce and cause the retinal vein thrombosis.

关键词： Interferon Pegylated-interferon Hepatitis C Cirrhosis Retinal vein thrombosis Thrombosis Central retinal vein occlusion

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6-weekly bevacizumab versus 4-weekly ranibizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration:a 2-year outcome

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2016年第4期9卷 551-555页

作者： patrick J Chiam Vivian W Ho Nicholas m Hickley Venkat Kotamarthi St.Paurs Eye Unit Royal Liverpool University HospitalLiverpool L7 8XPUK Eye Care Centre Leighton HospitalCrewe CW1 4Q JUK Eye Department Leicester Royal InfirmaryLeicester LE15WWUK

AIm： To compare visual acuity and central macular thickness（CmT） changes in neovascular age-related macular degeneration patients treated with either 6weekly bevacizumab regimen or 4 weekly ranibizumab on an as required basis.·mETHODS： Patients made an informed choice between bevacizumab 1.25 mg or ranibizumab 0.5 mg. The selected treatment was administered in the first 3 *** patients were followed-up 6 weekly and ranibizumab 4 weekly. Retreatment criteria was based on the reduction of 〉5 letters in the best-corrected visual acuity（BCVA）, the presence of retinal fluid on optical coherence tomography（OCT） or new retinal haemorrhage.·RESULTS： Visual acuity at 2y bevacizumab patients gained 7. 0 letters and ranibizumab 9. 2（ P = 0. 31, 95 %CI-6.4 to 2.0）. At 2y 86% of bevacizumab and 94%ranibizumab patients had not lost 15 letters or more（P =0.13）. mean CmT decreased at 2y bevacizumab by 146 μm,ranibizumab 160 μm（P =0.72）. mean number of injections was at 2y bevacizumzb 11.9, ranibizumab 10.3（P =0.023）.· CONCLUSION： Bevacizumab 6 weekly on an as required basis was not demonstrably non-inferior to ranibizumab 4 weekly pro re nata（prn） in terms of BCVA and change in CmT. In the bevacizumab group, one more injection was required in the second year compared to the ranibizumab group.

关键词： bevacizumab ranibizumab neovascular age-related macular degeneration treatment on as required basis

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Heterostructure and Q-factor engineering for low-threshold and persistent nanowire lasing

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Light(Science & Applications) 2020年第1期9卷 1609-1618页

作者： Stefan Skalsky Yunyan Zhang Juan Arturo Alanis HAruni Fonseka Ana m.Sanchez Huiyun Liu patrick Parkinson Department of Physics and Astronomy and The Photon Science Institute The University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUK Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University College LondonLondon WC1E 7JEUK Department of Physics University of WarwickCoventry CV47ALUK

Continuous room temperature nanowire lasing from silicon-integrated optoelectronic elements requires careful optimisation of both the lasing cavity Q-factor and population inversion *** apply time-gated optical interferometry to the lasing emission from high-quality GaAsP/GaAs quantum well nanowire laser structures,revealing high Q-factors of 1250±90 corresponding to end-facet reflectivities of R=0.73±*** using optimised direct-indirect band alignment in the active region,we demonstrate a well-refilling mechanism providing a quasifour-level system leading to multi-nanosecond lasing and record low room temperature lasing thresholds(~6μJ cm^(−2) pulse−1)for Ⅲ-Ⅴ nanowire *** findings demonstrate a highly promising new route towards continuously operating silicon-integrated nanolaser elements.

关键词： lasing alignment interferometry

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Convex Variational Formulation with Smooth Coupling for multicomponent Signal Decomposition and Recovery

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Numerical mathematics(Theory,methods and Applications) 2009年第4期2卷 485-508页

作者： Luis m.Briceo-Arias patrick L.Combettes UPmC Universite Paris 06 Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions-UMR 7598 and Equipe Combinatoire et Optimisation-UMR 7090 UPmC Universite Paris 06 Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions-UMR 7598

A convex variational formulation is proposed to solve multicomponent signal processing problems in Hilbert *** cost function consists of a separable term, in which each component is modeled through its own potential,and of a coupling term, in which constraints on linear transformations of the components are penalized with smooth *** algorithm with guaranteed weak convergence to a solution to the problem is *** multicomponent signal decomposition and recovery applications are discussed.

关键词： Convex optimization denoising image restoration proximal algorithm signal decom-position signal recovery

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A fine-scale assessment of the ecosystem service-disservice dichotomy in the context of urban ecosystems affected by alien plant invasions

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Forest Ecosystems 2019年第4期6卷 323-338页

作者： Luke J.Potgieter mirijam Gaertner patrick J.O’Farrell David m.Richardson Centre for Invasion Biology Department of Botany and ZoologyStellenbosch University

Background: Natural resources within and around urban landscapes are under increasing pressure from ongoing urbanisation, and management efforts aimed at ensuring the sustainable provision of ecosystem services(ES) are an important response. Given the limited resources available for assessing urban ES in many cities, practical approaches for integrating ES in decision-making process are ***: We apply remote sensing techniques(integrating LiDAR data with high-resolution multispectral imagery)and combined these with supplementary spatial data to develop a replicable approach for assessing the role of urban vegetation(including invasive alien plants) in providing ES and ecosystem disservices(EDS). We identify areas denoting potential management trade-offs based on the spatial distribution of ES and EDS using a local-scale case study in the city of Cape Town, South Africa. Situated within a global biodiversity hotspot, Cape Town must contend with widespread invasions of alien plants(especially trees and shrubs) along with complex socio-political challenges. This represents a useful system to examine the challenges in managing ES and EDS in the context of urban plant ***: Areas of high ES provision(for example carbon sequestration, shade and visual amenity) are characterized by the presence of large trees. However, many of these areas also result in numerous EDS due to invasions of alien trees and shrubs – particularly along rivers, in wetlands and along the urban edge where tall alien trees have established and spread into the natural vegetation(for example increased water consumption, increased fire risk and reduced soil quality). This suggests significant trade-offs regarding the management of species and the ES and EDS they ***: The approach applied here can be used to provide recommendations and to guide city planners and managers to fine-tune management interventions at local scales to maximise the provision of ES.

关键词： Biodiversity Biological invasions Ecosystem disservices Ecosystem services Remote sensing Trade-offs Tree invasions Urban plant invasions

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