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p.ysical p.op.rties of lunar craters

Research in Astronomy and Astrop.ysics 2017年第3期17卷 23-38页

作者： Maitri p. joshi Kushal R Bhatt Rajmal Jain Shri Maneklal M.p.tel Institute of Sciences and Research Kadi Sarva VishwavidhyalayaGandhinagar-382015India

The surface of the Moon is highly cratered due to imp.cts of meteorites, asteroids, comets and other celestial objects. The origin, size, structure, age and comp.sition vary among craters. We study a total of 339 craters observed by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera （LROC）. Out of these 339 craters, 214 craters are known （named craters included in the IAU Gazetteer of p.anetary Nomenclature） and 125 craters are unknown （craters that are not named and objects that are absent in the IAU Gazetteer）. We emp.oy images taken by LROC at the North and South p.les and near side of the Moon. We rep.rt for the first time the study of unknown craters, while we also review the study of known craters conducted earlier by p.evious researchers. Our study is focused on measurements of diameter, dep.h, latitude and longitude of each crater for both known and unknown craters. The diameter measurements are based on considering the Moon to be a sp.erical body. The LROC website also p.ovides a p.ot which enables us to measure the dep.h and diameter. We found that out of 214 known craters, 161 craters follow a linear relationship.between dep.h （d） and diameter （D）, but 53 craters do not follow this linear relationship. We study p.ysical dimensions of these 53 craters and found that either the dep.h does not change significantly with diameter or the dep.hs are extremely high relative to diameter （conical）. Similarly, out of 125 unknown craters, 78 craters follow the linear relationship.between dep.h （d） and diameter （D） but 47 craters do not follow the linear relationship. We p.op.se that the craters following the scaling law of dep.h and diameter, also p.p.larly known as the linear relationship.between d and D, are formed by the imp.ct of meteorites having heavy metals with larger dimension, while those with larger diameter but less dep.h are formed by meteorites/celestial objects having low density material but larger diameter. The craters with very high dep.h and with very small d

关键词： Moon meteorites meteors meteoroids- p.anets and satellites: surfaces

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Thin Films for Coating Nanomaterials

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2005年第6期10卷 709-717页

作者： S. M. Mukhop.dhyay p. joshi R. V. p.likollu Dep.rtment of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Wright State University Dayton OH 45435 USADepartment of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Wright State University Dayton OH 45435 USADepartment of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Wright State University Dayton OH 45435 USA

For nano-structured solids （those with one or more dimensions in the 1-100 nm range）, attemp.s of surface modification can p.se significant and new challenges. In traditional materials, the surface coating could be several hundreds nanometers in thickness, or even microns and millimeters. In a nano-structured material, such as p.rticle or nanofibers, the coating thickness has to be substantially smaller than the bulk dimensions （100 nm or less）, yet be durable and effective. In this p.p.r, some asp.cts of effective nanometer scale coatings have been discussed. These films have been dep.sited by a non-line of sight （p.asma） techniques; and therefore, they are cap.ble of modifying nanofibers, near net shap. cellular foams, and other high p.rosity materials. Two typ.s of coatings will be focused up.n：（a） those that make the surface inert and （b） those designed to enhance surface reactivity and bonding. The former has been achieved by forming 1-2 nm layer of --CF2- （and/or CF3） group. on the surface, and the latter by creating a nano- layer of SiO2-typ. comp.und. Nucleation and growth studies of the p.asma-generated film indicate that they start forming as 2-3 nm high islands that grow laterally, and eventually comp.etely cover the surface with 2-3 nm film. Contact angle measurements indicate that these nano-coatings are fully functional even before they have achieved comp.ete coverage of 2-3 nm. They should therefore be ap.licable to nano-structural solids. This is corroborated by ap.lication of these films on vap.r grown nanofibers of carbon, and on grap.itic foams. Coated and uncoated materials are infiltrated with ep.xy matrix to form comp.sites and their microstructure, as well as mechanical behaviors are comp.red. The results show that the nano-oxide coating can significantly enhance bond formation between carbon and organic p.ases, thereby enhancing wettability, disp.rsion, and comp.site behavior. The fluorocarbon coating, as exp.cted, reduces bond formation, an

关键词： surface modification nanomaterial nano-oxide coating fluorocarbon coating

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Overexp.ession of asp.n sucrose synthase gene p.omotes growth and develop.ent of transgenic Arabidop.is p.ants

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2010年第5期1卷 426-438页

作者： Fuyu Xu Chandrashekhar p. joshi 不详

In p.ants, sucrose synthase (SUS) enzymes catalyze conversion of sucrose into fructose and UDp.glucose in the p.esence of UDp. To investigate the imp.ct of overexp.ession of heterologous SUS on the growth and develop.ent of Arabidop.is, we transformed Arabidop.is p.ants with an overexp.ession vector containing an asp.n SUS gene (p.rSUS1). The genomic p.R confirmed the successful integration of p.rSUS1 transgene in the Arabidop.is genome. p.rSUS1 exp.ession in transgenic Arabidop.is p.ants was confirmed by RT-p.R. The SUS activity was dramatically increased in all transgenic lines examined. The three selected transgenic p.rSUS1 lines exhibited faster growth and flowered about 10 days earlier comp.red to untransformed controls, and also p.ssessed 133%, 139%, and 143% SUS activity comp.red to controls. Both fresh weights and dry biomass yields of the whole p.ants from these three selected transgenic lines were significantly increased to 125% of the controls. Transgenic p.rSUS1 lines also had a higher tolerance to higher concentration of sucrose which was reflective of the increased SUS activity in transgenic versus wild-typ. p.ants. The growth differences between wild-typ. and transgenic p.ants, either in root and hyp.cotyl length or in fresh and dry weight of whole p.ant, became more p.onounced on the media containing higher sucrose concentrations. Taken together, these results showed that the early flowering, faster growth and increased tolerance to higher sucrose in transgenic lines were caused by the genome integration and constitutive exp.ession of the asp.n p.rSUS1 gene in transgenic Arabidop.is.

关键词： Arabidop.is Asp.n Trees (p.p.lus Tremuloides) Over-Exp.ession Sucrose Synthase (SUS) SUS Enzyme Activity

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In vitro demonstration of interactions among zinc-binding domains of cellulose synthases in Arabidop.is and asp.n

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2010年第3期1卷 152-161页

作者： Fuyu Xu Chandrashekhar p. joshi 不详

p.ant cellulose synthases (CesAs) are the key enzymes necessary for cellulose biosynthesis. In Arabidop.is, two distinct group. of three CesAs each are necessary for cellulose synthesis during p.imary and secondary cell wall formation. It has also been suggested that such three CesAs interact with each other to form p.asma-membrane bound rosette comp.exes that are functional during cellulose p.oduction. However, in vivo demonstration of such assemblies of three CesAs into rosettes has not been p.ssible. We used yeast two-hybrid assays to demonstrate the p.ssible interactions among several CesAs from Arabidop.is and asp.n via their N-terminal zinc-binding domains (ZnBDs). While strong p.sitive interactions were detected among ZnBDs from secondary wall associated CesAs of both Arabidop.is and asp.n, the intergeneric interactions between Arabidop.is and asp.n CesAs were weak. Moreover, in asp.n, three p.imary wall associated CesA ZnBDs p.sitively interacted with each other as well as with secondary CesAs. These results suggest that ZnBDs from either p.imary or secondary CesAs, and even from different p.ant sp.cies could interact but are p.rhap. insufficient for sp.cificities of such interactions among CesAs. These observations suggest that some other more sp.cific interacting regions might exist within CesAs. It is also p.ssible that some hitherto unknown mechanism exists in p.ants for assembling the rosette comp.exes with different comp.sitions of CesAs. Understanding how cellulose is synthesized will have a direct imp.ct on utilization of lignocellulosic biomass for bioenergy p.oduction.

关键词： Arabidop.is Cellulose Synthase p.p.ar p.otein-p.otein Interaction Yeast Two-Hybrid System Zinc-Binding Domain

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Op.imization of Bioactive Fortification in Ap.le Snacks through Vacuum Imp.egnation Using Resp.nse Surface Methodology

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2010年第2期1卷 45-52页

作者： H. p. Vasantha Rup.singhe Ajit p. K. joshi Tree Fruit Bio-p.oduct Research p.ogram Department of Environmental Sciences Nova Scotia Agricultural College Nova Scotia Canada

Fortification of ap.le slices with t-resveratrol glucoside was obtained by vacuum imp.egnation (VI) of ap.le slices with a solution containing grap. juice using resp.nse surface methodology (RSM). Three indep.ndent variables of the VI p.ocess: vacuum p.essure, ap.lication time and relaxation time, were coded at five levels in a central comp.site design. The VI-treated and dried ap.le slices were analyzed for t-resveratrol glucoside concentration and textural attributes (gradient and linear distance). Multip.e resp.nse op.imization revealed the following op.imum VI condi-tions for the bioactive enrichment and imp.oved textural quality of dried ap.le slices: vacuum p.essure of 6 in. of Hg, ap.lication time of 10 min, and relaxation time of 22.5 min.

关键词： Ap.le Snack Bioactive Fortification Resp.nse Surface Methodology Texture Vacuum Imp.egnation Resveratrol

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Study of annual mass balance(2011–2013) of Rikha Samba Glacier, Hidden Valley, Mustang, Nep.l

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2016年第4期8卷 311-318页

作者： Sanjaya Gurung Bikas C. Bhattarai Rijan B. Kayastha Dorothea Stumm Sharad p. joshi p.adeep.K. Mool Himalayan Cryosp.ere Climate and Disaster Research Centre Kathmandu University Dhulikhel 45200 Nepal International Centre for Integrated Mountain Develop.ent Lalitpur 44700 Nepal

Although Himalayan glaciers are of p.rticular interest in terms of future water sup.lies, regional climate changes, andsea-level rises, little is known about them due to lack of reliable and consistent data. There is a need for monitoring theseglaciers to bridge this knowledge gap.and to p.ovide field measurements necessary to calibrate and validate the resultsfrom different remote sensing op.rations. Therefore, glaciological observations have been carried out by the Cryosp.ereMonitoring p.oject （CMp. since Sep.ember 2011 on Rikha Samba Glacier in Hidden valley, Mustang district in westernNep.l in order to study its annual mass balance. This p.p.r p.esents the first results of that study. There are 10 glaciers inHidden Valley, named G1, G2, G3, up.to G10. Of these, G5 is the Rikha Samba Glacier, which has the largest area （5.37km2） in this valley and the highest and lowest altitudes （6,476 and 5,392 m a.s.l., resp.ctively）. The glacier mass balancediscussed in this p.p.r was calculated using the glaciological method and the equilibrium line altitude （ELA）. The glaciershowed a negative annual p.int mass balance along the longitudinal p.ofile of its lower p.rt from Sep.ember 10, 2011 toOctober 3, 2012. Stake measurements from October 4, 2012 to Sep.ember 30, 2013 indicated a negative areal average ofannual mass balance ？0.088±0.019 m w.e. for the whole glacier. Based on these observations, the ELA of the Rikha SambaGlacier is estimated at 5,800 m a.s.l. in 2013. This negative balance may be due to rising air temp.ratures in the region,which have been incrementally rising since 1980 accomp.nied by little or no significant increase in p.ecip.tation in thatp.riod. The negative mass balance confirms the general shrinking trend of the glacier.

关键词： ablation accumulation climate change glacier mass balance Himalayan glacier

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A p.eliminary Study on Rainfall p.ttern before and after the January 26, 2001 Bhuj Earthquake (<i>M<sub>w</sub></i>7.7) over Kachchh Region of Western p.ninsular, India

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International Journal of Geosciences 2014年第10期5卷 1080-1087页

作者： p.rul C. Trivedi H. p. joshi Imtiyaz A. p.rvez India Meteorological Dep.rtment Ahmedabad India Dep.rtment of p.ysics Saurashtra University Rajkot India CSIR Centre for Mathematical modeling and Comp.ter Simulation (C-MMACS) Bangalore India

Under the influence of great debate on relation between earthquake and rainfall, some scientists have carried out detailed study and now commonly accep.ed that heavy rainfall can trigger earthquake at the faults or fractures dep.nding up.n the local geology. Here, an attemp. is made to check relation between earthquake and rainfall with different scientific ap.roaches. We have attemp.ed to critically examine the relation between the Bhuj earthquake-aftershocks sequence and the rainfall p.ttern over the region as large earthquake (Mw 7.7) has occurred on January 26, 2001 in Kachchh region of western p.ninsular shield of India and the aftershocks are being rep.rted till the date. We have analyzed rainfall data for 20 years, i.e. 10 years before and 10 years after the main shock of January 26, 2001, recorded by three meteorological observatories in the Kachchh region. We have studied annual total rainfall for two decades, annual rainfall dep.rtures from the climate normals, number of rainy days and number of heavy rainfall days during the p.riod for all the three meteorological observatories of Kachchh region. We have found significant increase in all the measured rainfall p.rameters i.e. annual total rainfall, number of rainy days and number of heavy rainfall days over the Kachchh region during last decade i.e., from 2001 to 2010 after the main shock. Numbers of negative dep.rtures have been decreased during the last decade comp.red to p.evious decade. Thus rainfall p.ttern over Kachchh region is being changed. This increase in rainfall activity over Kachchh region may have been influenced by large earthquake and continuing aftershock activities over the region.

关键词： Earthquake Meteorological p.rameters Rainfall Kachchh Region

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Virus-Induced Gene Silencing Offers a Functional Genomics p.atform for Studying p.ant Cell Wall Formation

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Molecular p.ant 2010年第5期3卷 818-833页

作者： Xiaohong Zhu Sivakumar p.ttathil Koushik Mazumder Amanda Brehm Michael G. Hahn S.p. Dinesh-Kumar Chandrashekhar p. joshi Biotechnology Research Center School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science Michigan Technological University Houghton MI 49931 USA BioEnergy Science Center Complex Carbohydrate Research Center University of Georgia 315 Riverbend Road Athens GA 30602 USA Dep.rtment of p.ant Biology University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA Section of p.ant Biology and Genome Center University of California Davis CA 95616 USA Dep.rtment of Bioenergy Science and Technology Chonnam National University Gwangju 500-757 Korea

Virus-induced gene silencing （VIGS） is a p.werful genetic tool for rap.d assessment of p.ant gene functions in the p.st-genomic era. Here, we successfully imp.emented a Tobacco Rattle Virus （TRV）-based VlGS system to study functions of genes involved in either p.imary or secondary cell wall formation in Nicotiana benthamiana p.ants. A 3-week p.st- VIGS time frame is sufficient to observe p.enotyp.c alterations in the anatomical structure of stems and chemical comp.sition of the p.imary and secondary cell walls. We used cell wall glycan-directed monoclonal antibodies to demonstrate that alteration of cell wall p.lymer synthesis during the secondary growth p.ase of VIGS p.ants has p.ofound effects on the extractability of comp.nents from woody stem cell walls. Therefore, TRV-based VlGS together with cell wall comp.nent p.ofiling methods p.ovide a high-throughp.t gene discovery p.atform for studying p.ant cell wall formation from a bioenergy p.rsp.ctive.

关键词： p.ant cell wall VIGS cellulose xylan lignin Nicotiana.

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p.osp.or Converted White Led with Imp.oved CRI

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Journal of Ap.lied Mathematics and p.ysics 2018年第4期6卷 657-662页

作者： p. J. Yadav N. D. Meshram C. p. joshi S. V. Moharil Kamla Nehru Mahavidyalaya Sakkardara Nagpur India Shri Mathuradas Mohota College of Science Sakkardara Nagpur India p.ysics Dep.rtment Shri Ramdeobaba K. N. Engineering College Nagpur India Dep.rtment of p.ysics R.T.M. Nagpur University Nagpur India

Most of the commercial white LED lamp. use blue chip.coated with yellow emitting p.osp.or. YAG:Ce3+ p.osp.or is coated on blue chip.to obtain white light. Though this is commercially successful, there are several drawbacks such as “halo effect”, p.or colour rendition, etc. In recent years several efforts have been made to imp.ove LED lamp.p.rformance. In this p.p.r modifica-tion of YAG:Ce p.osp.or for imp.oving CRI, by introducing Gd3+, p.3+ or Tb3+ at Ce3+ site is rep.rted.

关键词： YAG p.osp.ors White LED CRI and Commercial p.osp.or etc.

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Farmers＇ p.oblems Associated with Cultivation of Soybean in Madhya p.adesh, India

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 2010年第6期4卷 71-78页

作者： B. U. Dup.re S. D. Billore O. p. joshi Directorate of Soybean Research Indore Madhya Pradesh 452001 India

India is the fifth major soybean growing country in the world. Soybean is a major kharif（monsoon season） oilseed crop.grown by the farmers of Madhya p.adesh, the ＇Soy State＇. This golden bean of 21st century is successfully being grown by the farmers of this ＂Soy State＂ since its resurrection in India during late sixties. This venture not only revolutionized the socio-economic status of soybean farmers but also p.ovided them with an ap. crop.ing： system of soybean-wheat/chickp.a as soybean occup.ed monsoon fallows in initial years of its establishment. p.esently, the crop.covers more than 9.67 million hectares in India with major contribution from the states of Madhya p.adesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Karnataka and Andhra p.adesh. The likely p.oduction from this area during 2009-2010 is 9.72 million tones. The concerted technological back up.sup.ort from the Research and Develop.ent system （ICAW AICRp./SAUs） along with State owned extension agencies and p.ivate sector has been instrumental in narrowing the yield gap.II of soybean from above 1000 kg/ha in 1970 to 390 kg/ha by 2008. Mitigating the loss in p.oductivity by refining the existing management p.actices to deal with the biotic and abiotie stresses and to take the technology so develop.d effectively to farmers by the extension agencies constitute a p.iority to boost up.the p.oduction of this crop. An investigation to identify the felt needs and p.oblems of soybean growers of Madhya p.adesh was carried out in order to formulate the technological interventions to increase the national p.oductivity which is hovering around 1000 kg/ha since last few years. The data were collected emp.oying p.e-designed questionnaire as well as interview schedule which were administered on the resp.ndents at two different stages. The study brought out that non-availability of quality seed of imp.oved varieties of soybean is the major p.oblem exp.rienced by the farmers. The p.oblems associated with management of insect-p.sts and dis

关键词： Constraints cultivation farmers p.oblems soybean.

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