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Deoxyribonucleic Acid-Polymerase Chain Reaction Status of HIV Exposed Infants in a Sub Regional Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV Programme during the Period 2009-2020

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2023年第4期13卷 328-341页

作者： Elon Warnow Isaac Ayomikun Ajani Jalo Iliya Mohammed Manga Abubakar Joshua Difa Oyeniyi Christianah oluwaseun Muhammad Danlami Hassan Department of Paediatrics College of Medical Sciences Gombe State University Gombe Nigeria Infectious Disease Training and Research Group Gombe Gombe Nigeria Kettering General Hospital University Hospitals of Northamptonshire Kettering United Kingdom Department of Medical Microbiology College of Medical Sciences Gombe State University Gombe Nigeria Department of Community Medicine College of Medical Sciences Gombe State University Gombe Nigeria Department of Molecular Microbiology Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe Gombe Nigeria

Introduction: Transitioning to more efficacious Antiretrovirals for HIV infected pregnant women and infant prophylaxis has reduced Mother to child transmission of HIV significantly. This study aimed to determine HIV infection status in HIVexposed infants who had their first DNA polymerase chain reaction test in our molecular Laboratory. Subjects, Materials and Methods: Dried Blood Spots for HIV DNA results from 5 states between 2009 and 2020 were analyzed in the PCR laboratory of the Federal Teaching Hospital, Gombe. Results: Nine thousand eight hundred and twenty-three Human Immunodeficiency Virus Deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase Chain Reaction results were analysed;4937 (50.2%) were males. During the study period, there was an overall declining trend in the mother-to-child transmission rate from 3.8% in 2009 to 1.0% in 2020. 6120 (62.3%) of HIV + mothers received Highly active antiretroviral therapy HAART before pregnancy. 7845 (76.2%) of the infants received Nevirapine prophylaxis. Dried blood spot samples were collected from 4077 (41.5%) at 6 - 8 weeks. 8438 (85.9%) received cotrimoxazole. 9469 (96.4%) were ever breastfed. Of the 9823 HIV DNA PCR results, 255 (2.6%) were positive while 69/4077 (1.7%) and 109/2662 (4.1%) were positive for HIV DNA at 6 - 8 weeks and > 12 weeks respectively. (p = 0.001). 86/747 (11.5%) of infants whose HIV-positive mothers received no ARVS were HIV DNA positive. (p = 0.001). 106/884 (12.0%) of infants who had no Antiretroviral prophylaxis had positive HIV DNA results;7/413 (1.7%) with Zidovudine/Nevirapine prophylaxis had positive results. (p = 0.001). 246/9469 (2.6%) of infants that were ever breastfed were positive for HIV DNA;11/354 (3.0%) that never breastfed had positive HIV DNA. Conclusion: Lack of maternal/infant ARVs and prolonged breastfeeding increased the risk of infant HIV infection.

关键词： Mother to Child Transmission of HIV Antiretrovirals HIV Exposed Infants Deoxyribonucleic Acid Polymerase Chain Reaction Early Infant Diagnosis

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Saponins as adipokines modulator: A possible therapeutic intervention for type 2 diabetes

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World Journal of Diabetes 2017年第7期8卷 337-345页

作者： Olusola Olalekan Elekofehinti Oluwamodupe Cecilia Ejelonu Jean Paul Kamdem oluwaseun Benedicta Akinlosotu Isaac Gbadura Adanlawo Department of Biochemistry University of Ado-Ekiti Department of Biochemistry Adekunle Ajasin University Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Regional do Cariri-URCA Campus Pimenta Department of Biochemistry Federal University of TechnologyAkure

Development of type 2 diabetes has been linked to β-cell failure coupled with insulin resistance and obesity. Adipose tissue, known as the fat store, secretes a number of hormones and proteins collectively termed adipokines some of which regulate insulin sensitivity. Dysregulation in the secretion of adipokines has been linked to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. In this review, we sum-marized evidence of the role of adipokines with focus on leptin, adiponectin, adipsin, visfatin and apelin in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and discussed the potential of saponins to modify the ill-regulated adipokines secretions, which could promote the use of this class of phytochemicals as potential antidiabetics agents.

关键词： Adipokines Adipose tissue Insulin resistance Antidiabetic Obesity

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Succinylation improves the slowly digestible starch fraction of cardaba banana starch. A process parameter optimization study

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Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture 2020年第1期4卷 219-228页

作者： babatunde Olawoye Oladapo F.Fagbohun Saka O.Gbadamosi Charles T.Akanbi Department of Food Science and Technology First Technical UniversityKM 11Ibadan-Lagos ExpresswayIbadanNigeria Department of Biomedical Engineering First Technical UniversityKM 11Ibadan-Lagos ExpresswayIbadanNigeria Department of Food Science and Technology Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-IfeNigeria

The study investigated the improvement of slowly digestible starch fraction of cardaba banana via octenyl succinic anhydride(OSA)modification process.A nonlinear(Response surface methodology[RSM]and artificial neural network[ANN])and linear(partial least square[PLS])modelswere employed and their predictabilitywas *** result revealed that all the modelling techniques were accurate in predicting the experimental *** optimized RSM values for the production of slowly digestible starch(SDS)fraction were OSA concentration of 4%,reaction time of 47.49 min,and pH of 10 with a predicted SDS value of 44.64%.Among the modelling techniques,ANNwas adjudged as the predictivemodel for improving the SDS *** regression coefficient coupled with the variable important in the projection(VIP)values of the PLS model indicated that the OSA concentrationwas themost important factors responsible for high SDS ***,a structural comparison of the optimized starch against native starch revealed the formation of high ordered crystalline structure of the starch due to the impregnation of the modifying agent to the hydroxyl group of the cardaba banana starch.

关键词： Slowly digestible starch Low glucose response Artificial neural network Partial least square

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The likelihood of having serum level of PSA of ≥4.0 ng/mL and ≥10.0 ng/mL in non-obese and obese Nigerian men with LUTS

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Asian Journal of Urology 2015年第3期2卷 158-162页

作者： Patrick Temi Adegun Philip babatunde Adebayo Samuel Adeniran Atiba Department of Surgery College of MedicineEkiti State UniversityAdo-EkitiEkiti StateNigeria Department of Medicine Ladoke Akintola University of TechnologyOgbomosoNigeria Department of Chemical Pathology College of MedicineEkiti State UniversityAdo-EkitiEkiti StateNigeria

Objective:This study was undertaken to determine the likelihood of having serum total prostate specific antigen(PSA)levels ≥4.0 ng/mL and ≥10.0 ng/mL among a cohort of non-obese and obese Nigerian men with lower urinary tract symptoms(LUTS).Methods:This was a prospective cross-sectional survey among men who presented with benign prostatic hypertrophy to the urology clinic of the Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital,Ado-Ekiti with LUTS between January 1 and December 31,*** hundred and forty men who presented in the urologic clinic with LUTS were *** was analyzed using standard method while other clinical variables were collected using a clinical case *** logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of an abnormal PSA of ≥4.0 ng/mL or10.0 ng/mL in these ***:The mean ages of obese and non-obese men were 64.8 and 64.0 years *** mean total serum PSA were 14.8 and 13.2 ng/mL for obese and non-obese men *** analysis showed no difference(p>0.05)in the proportion of obese and non-obese men with LUTS who had a PSA threshold of at least 4.0 ng/*** logistic regression showed that,at a PSA threshold of 10.0 ng/mL,obese men had a statistically significant proportion(p<0.05).Although not significant,non-obese patients were less likely to have PSA level of ≥4.0 ng/mL(OR 0.701;95%CI 0.301e1.630)compared to obese *** same vein,non-obese men were less likely to have a PSA level of 10.0 ng/mL(OR,0.686;95%CI,0.318e1.478)in a simultaneous context of ***:Our study demonstrated that,in a sample population of predominantly native African men,there was a non-significantly higher likelihood of overweight/obese patients having a higher serum PSA level than the non-obese.A community based study is needed to further confirm this finding.

关键词： Lower urinary tract symptoms Men Nigeria Overweight Obesity

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Exposure to a 2.5 GHz Non-ionizing Electromagnetic Field Alters Hematological Profiles, Biochemical Parameters, and Induces Oxidative Stress in Male Albino Rats

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2019年第11期32卷 860-863页

作者： Afolabi Olakunle Bamikole Obajuluwa Adejoke Olukayode Tiwa Obajuluwa Okiki Pius Oloyede Omotade Ibidun Fadaka oluwaseun Adewale Ojo Oluwafemi Adeleke Biochemistry Unit Chemical Science DepartmentCollege of SciencesAfe Babalola UniversityAdo EkitiEkiti StateNigeria Biological Sciences Department College of SciencesAfe Babalola UniversityAdo-EkitiEkiti StateNigeria Media and Communication College of Social and Management ScienceAfe Babalola UniversityAdo-EkitiEkiti StateNigeria Department of Biochemistry Ekiti State UniversityP.M.B 5363Ado-EkitiNigeria

Modern technology has witnessed milestone achievements in the telecommunication ***,the widespread application of telecommunication technology is believed to heighten electromagnetic field(EMF)‘pollution’in our envi... 详细信息

关键词： red EMF and Induces Oxidative Stress in Male Albino Rats Exposure to a 2.5 GHz Non-ionizing Electromagnetic Field Alters Hematological Profiles Biochemical Parameters

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Quantum teleportation and information splitting via four-qubit cluster state and a Bell state

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Frontiers of physics 2017年第5期12卷 171-179页

作者： Marlon David González Ramirez babatunde James Falaye Guo-Hua Sun M. Cruz-Irisson Shi-Hai Dong ESIME-Culhuaean Instituto Politécnico Nacional Av. Santa Ana 1000 Mexico CDMX 04430 Mexico Departamento de Fisica Escuela Superior de Fisica y Matemdticas Instituto Politécnico Nacional Edificio 9 UPALM CDMX 07738 Mexico Applied Theoretical Physics Division Department of Physics Federal University Lafia P. M. B. 146 LafiaNigeria Catedrdtica CONACyT CIC Instituto Politéenico Nacional UPALM CDMX 07700 Mexico Laboratorio de Información Cudntica CIDETEC Instituto Politécnico Nacional UPALM CDMX 07700Mexico

Quantum teleportation provides a ＂bodiless＂ way of transmitting the quantum state from one object to another, at a distant location, using a classical communication channel and a previously shared entangled state. In this paper, we present a tripartite scheme for probabilistic teleportation of an arbitrary single qubit state, without losing the information of the state being teleported, via a fourqubit cluster state of the form ｜Ф） 1234 = α｜10000）＋β｜1010）＋ γ｜0101） - η｜1111）, as the quantum channel, where the nonzero real numbers α, β, γ, and η satisfy the relation ｜α｜^2 ＋｜β｜^2 ＋｜γ｜^2 ＋｜η｜^2 = 1. With the introduction of an auxiliary qubit with state ｜0}, using a suitable unitary transformation and a positive-operator valued measure （POVM）, the receiver can recreate the state of the original qubit. An important advantage of the teleportation scheme demonstrated here is that, if the teleportation fails, it can be repeated without teleporting copies of the unknown quantum state, if the concerned parties share another pair of entangled qubit. We also present a protocol for quantum information splitting of an arbitrary two-particle system via the aforementioned cluster state and a Bell-state as the quantum channel. Problems related to security attacks were examined for both the cases and it was found that this protocol is secure. This protocol is highly efficient and easy to implement.

关键词： teleportation positive-operator valued measure tripartite scheme security attacks

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Psychological Well-Being of Adolescents in South Western Nigeria: Its Association with Sociodemographic Characteristics and Perceived Food Insecurity

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Open Journal of Medical Psychology 2022年第2期11卷 72-87页

作者： Tosin Anthony Agbesanwa oluwaseun Eniola Adegbilero-Iwari Adesola Adedotun Oniyide Azeez Oyemomi Ibrahim Felix Olukayode Aina Odunayo Adebukola Fatunla Department of Family Medicine Ekiti State University Ado Ekiti Nigeria

Psychological well-being (PWB) which is a measure of life satisfaction in adolescence plays a great role in their behavioral lifestyle. The aim of this study was to assess the adolescents’ psychological well-being, its association with perceived food insecurity, and their sociodemographic characteristics. Using multistage random sampling, 352 students from three secondary schools in Ado Local Government in Nigeria were recruited. A self-administered questionnaire adapted from existing literature was used for data collection. About fifty-six percent of the adolescents had high psychological well-being. Most of the students studied had a high estimate of themselves in their self-autonomy and personal growth development. While Tribe (p = 0.032), type of family (p < 0.001), present class (p = 0.039) and class repetition (p = 0.018) were significantly associated with psychological well-being of adolescents, most adolescents had a medium to high food insecurity. Self-autonomy and personal growth development in adolescents are associated with the type of family structure, the higher the social class of the family and the lower of the occurrence of repetition of a class shall be. A stable family environment is beneficial to adolescents.

关键词： Adolescents Psychological Well-Being Sociodemographic Characteristics Food Insecurity

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Assessment of Health Workers’ Concern about COVID-19 Pandemic: Implication for Surveillance Activities among Primary Health Care Workers in Oyo State, South-Western Nigeria

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2021年第2期11卷 189-206页

作者： Olaniyan Akintunde babatunde Muideen babatunde Olatunji Akande Roseline Oluyemisi Joseph Muyiwa Olumoyegun Adekunbi Mofoyeke babatunde Oyo State Primary Health Care Board State Secretariat Agodi Ibadan Oyo State Nigeria Oriire Local Government Health Authority Ikoyi-Ile Oyo State Nigeria Department of Community Medicine Bowen University Iwo Osun State Nigeria Department of Geography Faculty of the Social Sciences University of Ibadan Oyo State Nigeria Tax Audit Field Unit Lagos State Internal Revenue Service Alausa Ikeja Lagos State Nigeria

Background: The outbreak of COVID-19 has continued to threaten the existence of the human race. The novelty and unstable epidemiologic pattern of the virus had generated so much concern among the global health experts. These concerns were found to be escalated among the frontline health care workers to the extent of impeding the timeliness of the response activities. To slow down the spread of the already established community transmission through the surveillance activities, the concern of the health workers at the community level needs to be addressed. Therefore, this study assessed the concern about COVID-19 pandemic among primary health workers in Oyo State, Nigeria. Methods: This was an online cross-sectional survey conducted among primary health care workers in Oyo State between March and April 2020. Using a two-stage sampling technique, we recruited 284 respondents. A semi-structured questionnaire linked to the Google form was used to collect data. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 25;bivariate analysis was done using Chi-square and binary logistic regression was used to identify the predictors of health workers’ concern at 5% level of significance. Results: The mean age of respondents was 45.0 ± 9.0 years. The proportion of the respondents who had good knowledge of COVID-19 was 52.5%. In the domains of concern, 66.9%, 53.2%, 51.4%, and 46.5% of the respondents expressed government-related, self-satisfaction related, work-related and social-status related concerns respectively. Male respondents were less likely to express concern about COVID-19 compared with their female counterparts (aOR = 0.39, 95% CI = 0.20 - 0.76). Nurses/midwives (aOR = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.05 - 0.85) had lesser likelihood of expressing concern about COVID-19 while middle staff (aOR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.18 - 5.39) and income earner of ≥N200,000 (aOR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.34 - 3.92) had higher likelihood of

关键词： Concerns Health Workers COVID-19 Surveillance Nigeria

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Outcome of Symptom-Based RT-PCR Testing for SARS-CoV-2: Experience from a Large Public Testing Centre in Nigeria

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2022年第4期12卷 799-812页

作者： Aigbe Gregory Ohihoin Kazeem Adewale Osuolale Patrick Azuka Okwuraiwe Adesola Zaidat Musa Ayorinde babatunde James Chika Kingsley Onwuamah Olufemi Samuel Amoo Joseph Ojonugwa Shaibu Fehintola Ige Esther Ngozi Ohihoin Emelda Chukwu Ngozi Mirabel Otuonye Tajudeen Bamidele Adeola Olukosi Olusola Ajibaye Yekeen Raheem David Oladele Agatha Nkiru David babatunde Adewale Rosemary Audu Oliver Ezechi Nkiruka Nnonyelum Odunukwe Richard Adegbola babatunde Lawal Salako Clinical Sciences Department Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Yaba Lagos Grants and M/E Unit (Biostatistics) Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Yaba Lagos Centre for Human Virology and Genomics Microbiology Department Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Yaba Lagos Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Yaba Lagos Centre of Infectious Disease Research Microbiology Department Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Yaba Lagos Central Research Laboratory Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Yaba Lagos Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Yaba Lagos Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Yaba Lagos Department of Public Health Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Yaba Lagos

Background: Access to testing for SARS-CoV-2 in Nigeria is still highly restricted. Only patients who are symptomatic for SARS-CoV-2 are selected for testing. This pattern of testing will miss a large proportion of individuals with the infection who are asymptomatic and presymptomatic. This study reports the experience of a symptom-based study from a large testing centre in Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study, reviewing data collected from respondents presenting at the Nigerian Institute of Medical Research (NIMR) modified drive-through center for COVID-19 test between the period March 31st and August 31st, 2020 were included in the analysis. Results: A total of 9891 participants were recruited into the study and 2465 participants (24.9%) had a positive PCR result for SARS-CoV-2. The majority of the respondents were above 18 years old, n = 9163 (93.4%). The average age of the respondents was 36.7 years (sd 13.8 years). The age of the participants has a significant effect on SARS-CoV-2 status (AOR = 1.009, CI, 1.005 to 1.012, p = 0.0001). There was a male preponderance, n = 5652 (57.6%). The odds of having a positive status for SARS-CoV-2 were 0.9 times lower for female participants. The majority of the respondents had a history of travel, n = 6788 (68.6%). Cough was the commonest symptom, n = 1062 (10.7%) followed by fever, n = 979 (9.9%). The mortality rate was 0.1%. Among the participants with comorbidity, 31 (51.7%) had positive results for SARS-CoV-2 while 29 (48.3%) had negative results. Conclusion: Symptom-based approach to testing for SARS-CoV-2 in Nigeria revealed a high positivity rate, while mortality from those tested in the study is low. Age and gender appear to play a significant role in the dynamics of the disease.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Symptoms RT-PCR Nigeria

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Predictive modeling of COVID-19 death cases in Pakistan

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2020年第1期5卷 897-904页

作者： Muhammad Daniyal Roseline oluwaseun Ogundokun Khadijah Abid Muhammad Danyal Khan Opeyemi Eyitayo Ogundokun Department of Statistics Islamia University of BahawalpurPakistan Department of Computer Science Landmark University Omu AranNigeria Research Evaluation Unit College of Physicians&SurgeonsPakistan Gillani Law College BZU MultanPakistan Directoriate Department Audit SectionAgricultural and Rural Management Training InstituteIlorinNigeria

Background:The world is presently facing the challenges posed by COVID-19(2019-nCoV),especially in the public health sector,and these challenges are dangerous to both health and *** disease results in an acute respiratory infection that may result in pain and *** Pakistan,the disease curve shows a vertical trend by almost 256K established cases of the diseases and 6035 documented death cases till August 5,***:The primary purpose of this study is to provide the statistical model to predict the trend of COVID-19 death cases in *** age and gender of COVID-19 victims were represented using a descriptive ***:ology:Three regression models,which include Linear,logarithmic,and quadratic,were employed in this study for the modelling of COVID-19 death cases in *** three models were compared based on R2,Adjusted R2,AIC,and BIC *** data utilized for the modelling was obtained from the National Institute of Health of Pakistan from February 26,2020 to August 5,***:The finding deduced after the prediction modelling is that the rate of mortality would decrease by the end of *** total number of deaths will reach its maximum point;then,it will gradually *** indicates that the curve of total deaths will continue to be flat,i.e.,it will shift to be constant,which is also the upper bound of the underlying function of absolute death.

关键词： Coronavirus COVID-19 Public health Epidemic Modelling Model selection criteria

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