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Welfare and Market Impacts of Food Safety Measures in China: Results from Urban Consumers' Valuation of Product Attributes

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第6期13卷 1404-1411页

作者： David L. Ortega H. Holly Wang nicole J. Olynk Widmar Department of Agricultural Foodand Resource EconomicsMichigan State University Department of Agricultural Economics Purdue University

This study provides an economics assessment of various food safety measures in China. A choice experiment approach is used to elicit Chinese consumer preferences for various food safety attributes using data from a 2008 urban consumer survey. An alternative welfare calculation is used to model aggregate market impacts of select food safety measures. Our results show that the largest welfare gains are found in the current government-run certiifcation program. The implementation of a third-party certiifcation system, a traceability network and a product label would generate signiifcant value and would help reduce current system inefifciencies in China. This study builds on previous research and provides an alternative approach for calculating consumer valuation of safety and quality attributes that can be used to estimate aggregate economic and welfare impacts.

关键词： food safety consumer welfare food policy China

Activation reduction following an eccentric contraction impairs torque steadiness in the isometric steady-state

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2018年第3期7卷 310-317页

作者： nicole Mazara Adam J.Hess Jackey Chen Geoffrey A.Power Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences College of Biological Sciences University of Guelph

Background:The isometric steady-state following active lengthening is associated with greater torque production and lower activation,as measured by electromyographic activity(EMG),in comparison with a purely isometric contraction(ISO)at the same joint *** phenomenon is termed residual force enhancement(RFE).While there has been a great deal of research investigating the basic mechanisms of RFE,little work has been performed to understand the everyday relevance of *** purpose of this study was to investigate whether neuromuscular control strategies differ between ISO and RFE by measuring torque steadiness of the human ankle plantar ***:Following ISO maximal voluntary contractions in 12 males(25±4 years),an active lengthening contraction was performed at 15°/s over a 30°ankle excursion,ending at the same joint angle as ISO(5°dorsiflexion;RFE).Surface EMG of the tibialis anterior and soleus muscles was recorded during all *** steadiness was determined as the standard deviation(SD)and coefficient of variation(CV)of the torque trace in the ISO and RFE condition during activation-matching(20%and 60%integrated EMG)and torque-matching(20%and 60%maximal voluntary contraction)***-tailed,paired t tests were used,within subjects,to determine the presence of RFE/activation reduction(AR)and whether there was a difference in torque steadiness between ISO and RFE ***:During the maximal and submaximal conditions,there was 5%-9%RFE with a 9%-11%AR(p0.05).There were no differences in SD and CV of the torque trace for the 20%and60%activation-matching or the 60%and maximal torque-matching trials in either the RFE or ISO condition(p>0.05).During the 20%torquematching trial,there were～37%higher values for SD and CV in the RFE as compared with the ISO condition(p<0.05).A significant moderate-to-strong negative relationship was identified between

关键词： Eccentric Force steadiness History dependence Residual force enhancement Tremor

Heterozygous carriers of galactocerebrosidase mutations that cause Krabbe disease have impaired microglial function and defective repair of myelin damage

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第3期13卷 393-401页

作者： nicole J.Scott-Hewitt Christopher J.Folts Mark D.Noble Department of Biomedical Genetics University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry

This review addresses two puzzling findings related to mutations in galactocerebrosidase （GALC） that cause Krabbe disease （KD）, a severe lysosomal storage disorder characterized by extensive myelin damage in children with mutations in both GALC alleles. First, heterozygous carriers of KD-causing mutations, which include the biological parents of children with KD, exhibit increased risk for developing other diseases. Second, variants in the GALC locus increase the risk of developing multiple sclerosis （MS）, another disease characterized by extensive myelin damage. What explains these correlations？ In studies on cuprizone-induced myelin damage in heterozygous （GALC＋/–） mice carrying one copy of a mutation that causes KD-like disease, the extent of damage was similar in GALC＋/– and wild-type （WT） mice. In contrast, GALC＋/- mice had striking defects in repair of cuprizone-induced damage. We further found unexpected microglial defects in myelin debris clearance and in the ability to up-regulate the Trem2 microglial protein critical for debris uptake. These defects were rescued by exposure to a lysosomal re-acidifying drug discovered in our studies on KD, and which provides multiple clinically relevant benefits in the twitcher （GALC＋/–） mouse model of KD. Thus, heterozygous GALC mutations cause effects on biological function that may help to understand the increased disease risk in heterozygous carriers of such mutations and to understand why GALC variations increase the risk of MS. Our findings indicate that while some genetic risk factors may contribute to complex diseases by increasing the risk of tissue damage, others may do so by compromising tissue repair.

关键词： vulnerability locus multiple sclerosis Krabbe disease galactocerebrosidase microglia myelin repair lysosomal storage disorders heterozygous carriers Trem2 demyelination

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In This Issue

General Psychiatry 2019年第6期32卷 293-294页

作者： nicole J LeBlanc Luana Marques Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA

Despite ongoing research on the aetiology,phenomenology and treatment of anxiety disorders,these conditions continue to afflict myriads of individuals *** estimated 11.6%of the global population meets criteria for an anxiety disorder each year,1 and individuals with anxiety disorders experience both functional impairment2 and increased risk for physical health problems.3 In addition to the personal suffering associated with anxiety disorders,these conditions lead to considerable costs for society,including medical expenditures and lost work productivity.4 Moreover,although efficacious interventions for anxiety disorders are available,many individuals do not respond to these treatments5 or struggle to access evidence-based care.6 Thus,much work remains to be done to reduce the global burden of anxiety disorders.

关键词： impairment treatment etiology

Neuromodulation for tinnitus treatment:an overview of invasive and non-invasive techniques

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2019年第2期20卷 116-130页

作者： nicole PETER Tobias KLEINJUNG Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity Hospital Zürich

Tinnitus is defined as a perception of sound without any external sound *** tinnitus is a frequent condition that can affect the quality of *** far,no causal cure for tinnitus has been documented,and most pharmacologic and psychosomatic treatment modalities aim to diminish tinnitus’impact on the quality of ***,a novel therapeutic modality,which aims at alternating nerve activity through a targeted delivery of a stimulus,has emerged as a potential option in tinnitus *** review provides a brief overview of the current neuromodulation techniques as tinnitus treatment *** main intention is to provide updated knowledge especially for medical professionals counselling tinnitus patients in this emerging field of ***-invasive methods such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,transcranial electrical stimulation,neurofeedback,and transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation were included,as well as invasive methods such as implanted vagus nerve stimulation and invasive brain *** of these neuromodulation techniques revealed promising results;nevertheless,further research is needed,especially regarding the pathophysiological principle as to how these neuromodulation techniques work and what neuronal change they *** studies suggest that individually different brain states and networks are involved in the generation and perception of ***,in the future,individually tailored neuromodulation strategies could be a promising approach in tinnitus treatment for achieving a more substantial and longer lasting improvement of complaints.

关键词： Tinnitus Neuromodulation Invasive technique Non-invasive technique

When nets meet environmental DNA metabarcoding:integrative approach to unveil invertebrate community patterns of hypersaline lakes

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2023年第4期41卷 1331-1340页

作者： Matthew A.CAMPBELL Alex LAINI nicole E.WHITE Morten E.ALLENTOFT Mattia SACCÒ Trace and Environmental DNA(TrEnD)Laboratory School of Molecular and Life SciencesCurtin UniversityPerth 6102WAAustralia Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology University of TurinTurin 10124Italy Subterranean Research and Groundwater Ecology(SuRGE)Group Trace and Environmental DNA(TrEnD)LaboratorySchool of Molecular and Life SciencesCurtin UniversityPerth 6102WAAustralia Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre Globe InstituteUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen 1353Denmark

Saline and hypersaline wetlands account for almost half of the volume of inland water *** provide pivotal habitat for a vast range of species,including crucial ecosystem services for humans such as carbon sink storage and extractive resource *** their importance,effective ecological assessment is in its infancy compared to current conventional surveys carried out in freshwater *** integration of environmental DNA(eDNA)analysis and traditional techniques has the potential to transform biomonitoring processes,particularly in remote and understudied saline *** this context,this preliminary study aims to explore the potential of eDNA coupled with conventional approaches by targeting five hypersaline lakes at Rottnest Island(Wadjemup)in Western *** focused on the invertebrate community,a widely accepted key ecological indicator to assess the conservational status in rivers and *** combination of metabarcoding with morphology-based taxonomic analysis described 16 taxa belonging to the orders Anostraca,Diptera,Isopoda,and ***-based diversity assessment revealed more taxa at higher taxonomic resolution than the morphology-based taxonomic ***,certain taxa(i.e.,Ephydridae,Stratyiomidae,Ceratopogonidae)were only identified via net ***,our results indicate that great potential resides in combining conventional net-based surveys with novel eDNA approaches in saline and hypersaline ***,urgent and effective conservational frameworks are required to contrast the enormous pressure that these ecosystems are increasingly *** investigations at larger spatial temporal scales will allow consolidation of robust,reliable,and affordable biomonitoring frameworks in the underexplored world of saline wetlands.

关键词： macroinvertebrate hypersaline e nvironmental DNA(eDNA) conservation ecological survey community composition

Arabidopsis MSI1 Is Required for Negative Regulation of the Response to Drought Stress

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Molecular Plant 2009年第4期2卷 675-687页

作者： Cristina Alexandre Yvonne Moller-Steinbach nicole Sch6nrock Wilhelm Gruissem Lars Hennig Department of Biology and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center ETH Zurich CH-8092 Zurich Switzerland Present address: Brain and Mind Research Institute University of Sydney 100 Mallett St Camperdown NSW 2050 Australia Department of Biology ETH Zurich LFW E17 CH-8092 Zurich Switzerland

Arabidopsis MSI1 has fundamental functions in plant development. MSI1 is a subunit of Polycomb group protein complexes and Chromatin assembly factor 1, and it interacts with the Retinoblastoma-related protein 1. Altered levels of MSI1 result in pleiotropic phenotypes, reflecting the complexity of MSI1 protein functions. In order to uncover additional functions of MSI1, we performed transcriptional profiling of wild-type and plants with highly reduced MSI1 levels （msil-cs）. Surprisingly, the known functions of MSI1 could only account for a minor part of the transcriptional changes in msil-cs plants. One of the most striking unexpected observations was the up-regulation of a subset of ABA-responsive genes eliciting the response to drought and salt stress. We report that MSI1 can bind to the chromatin of the drought-inducible downstream target RD20 and suggest a new role for MSI1 in the negative regulation of the Arabidopsis drought-stress response.

关键词： Abiotic/environmental stress water relations chromatin structure and remodeling transcriptome analysis development.

Identification of a novel pathway involving a GATA transcription factor in yeast and possibly in plant Zn uptake and homeostasis

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2014年第3期56卷 271-280页

作者： Matthew J.Milner nicole S.Pence Jiping Liu Leon V.Kochian Robert W.Holley Center for Agriculture and Health USDA‐ARS Cornell University Department of Plant Biology Cornell University

To gain a better understanding of the regulation of Zn homeostasis in plants and the degree of conservation of Zn homeostasis between plants and yeast, a cDNA library from the Zn/Cd hyperaccumulating plant species, Noccaea caerulescens, was screened for its ability to restore growth under Zn limiting conditions in the yeast mutant zaplA. ZAP1 is a transcription factor that activates the Zn dependent transcription of yeast genes involved in Zn uptake, including ZRT1, the yeast high affinity Zn transporter. From this screen two members of the E2F family of transcription factors were found to activate ZRT1 expression in a Zn independent manner. The activation of ZRTI by the plant E2F proteins involves E2F- mediated activation of a yeast GATA transcription factor which in turn activates ZRT1 expression. A ZRT1 promoter region necessary for activation by E2F and GATA proteins is upstream of two zinc responsive elements previously shown to bind ZAP1 in ZRT1. This activation may not involve direct binding of E2F to the ZRT1 promoter. The expression of E2F genes in yeast does not replace function of ZAP1; instead it appears to activate a novel GATA regulatory pathway involved in Zn uptake and homeostasis that is not Zn responsive.

关键词： E2F transcription factor GATA transcription factor ZRT1 Znhomeostasis

Anatomic relationship of extensor indicis propius and extensor digitorum communis: Implications for tendon transfer

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2022年第11期13卷 978-985页

作者： Joanne Zhou Christopher Frey nicole Segovia Jeffrey Yao Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Stanford University Medical CenterStanford UniversityRedwood cityCA 94063United States

BACKGROUND The extensor indicis proprius(EIP)tendon is a frequently used donor for a variety of tendon transfers,most commonly for reconstruction of the extensor pollicis longus(EPL).EIP is known to have frequent anatomic variants including split tendons and variations in tendon *** To characterize the anatomy of the EIP at the level of the extensor retinaculum,where tendon harvest is often performed,and share our preferred technique for EIP to EPL *** Twenty-nine fresh-frozen cadaveric forearms without history of forearm or hand injury or surgery were *** circumference and relationship of the EIP and extensor digitorum communis to the index(EDCI)at the metacarpophalangeal(MCP)joint and the distal extensor retinaculum were *** from the distal extensor retinaculum to the EIP myotendinous junction was *** EIP was ulnar to the EDCI in 96.5%of specimens(28/29)at the distal edge of the extensor *** the remaining specimen,EIP was volar to *** circumference at the distal extensor retinaculum averaged(9.3 mm±1.7 mm)for EDCI and 11.1 mm(±2.7 mm)for EIP(P=0.0010).The tendon circumference at the index MCP joint averaged 11.0 mm(±1.7 mm)for EDCI and 10.6 mm(±2.1 mm)for EIP(P=0.33).EIP had a greater circumference in 76%(22/29)of specimens at the distal extensor retinaculum whereas EIP had a greater circumference in only 31%(9/29)of specimens at the MCP *** The EIP tendon is frequently ulnar to and greater in circumference than the EDCI at the distal extensor retinaculum,which can be taken into consideration for tendon transfers involving EIP.

关键词： Surgical anatomy Tendon transfer Extensor digitorum communis Extensor indicis proprius Tendon harvest Cadaveric Dissection