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Are sc.ool uniforms assoc.ated with gender inequalities in physic.l ac.ivity? A pooled analysis of population-level data from 135 c.untries/regions

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Journal of Sport and Health Sc.enc. 2024年第4期13卷 590-598页

作者： Mairead Ryan Luiza I.c.Ric.rdo Nic.le nathan Riikka Hofmann Esther van Sluijs Medic.l Researc. c.unc.l Epidemiology Unit University of CambridgeCambridge CB20QQUK Fac.lty of Educ.tion University of CambridgeCambridge CB28PQUK Hunter New England Population Health WallsendNSW 2287Australia Sc.ool of Medic.ne and Public.Health College of HealthMedicine and WellbeingUniversity of NewcastleCallaghanNSW 2308Australia Hunter Medic.l Researc. Institute New Lambton HeightsNSW 2305Australia National c.ntre of Implementation Sc.enc. University of NewcastleCallaghanNSW 2308Australia

Purpose:It is aimed to assess whether sc.ool uniforms are assoc.ated with population-level gender inequalities in physic.l ac.ivity,and whether assoc.ations differ by sc.ool level,c.untry/region inc.me,and assessment ***:An ec.logic.l study design was *** c.llec.ed data about global uniform prac.ic.s using an online *** searc.ed for c.untry/region-level estimates of sc.ool-aged youth meeting physic.l ac.ivity guidelines from international surveillanc. *** selec.ion was c.nduc.ed in duplic.te using a systematic.proc.ss,and a random sample of all data was c.ec.ed to ensure extrac.ion and pooling proc.sses were *** c.lc.lated absolute and relative gender inequalities in physic.l ac.ivity for eac. *** regression examined assoc.ations between c.untry/region-level uniform prac.ic.s(binary yes/no exposure variable) and c.untry/region-level gender inequalities in physic.l ac.ivity guideline c.mplianc.(absolute and relative inequalities).We investigated moderation by sc.ool level,stratified analyses by inc.me group,and repeated primary analyses using devic.-measured ***:Pooling data from 135 c.untries/regions(n=1,089,852),we found no assoc.ation between population-level uniform prac.ic.s and gender inequalities in physic.l ac.ivity ac.oss all ages(absolute:β=-0.2;95% c.nfidenc. interval(95%c.):-1.7 to 1.3,p=0.74;relative:β=0.1;95%c.:-0.1 to 0.2,p=0.51).Subgroup analysis suggested a positive assoc.ation in primary sc.ool settings(absolute:β=4.3;95%c.:-0.0 to 8.6,p=0.05).Among high-inc.me c.untries,absolute inequalities were signific.ntly greater in c.untries/regions with uniform prac.ic.s(N=37) c.mpared to those without(N=48)(9.1(SD=3.6) vs.7.8 perc.ntage points(SD=4.3)).Repeating analyses using devic.-measured data(n=32,130;N=24) did not alter our primary *** initial desc.iptive statistic.,we found that in c.untries/regions where a maj ority of sc.ools(>50%) reportedly use uniforms,there was lower c.mpli

关键词： Sc.ool polic. c.othing c.ild Adolesc.nt Ac.elerometer

Post Episiotomy Morbidity among Parturient in Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teac.ing Hospital Abakaliki, Ebonyi State

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Open Journal of Obstetric. and Gynec.logy 2024年第8期14卷 1144-1160页

作者： John c.inedu Obasi Ayodele Adegbite Olaleye Bonifac. N. Ejikeme John O. Egede c.arles Nwambeke Edene Enemma c.ristian Enemma Vic.or Onuc.ukwu Emmanuel Onyekelu nathan c. Ekpe Wendy Oliobi Emmanuel c. Uwakwe Department of Obstetric. and Gynaec.logy Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital AbakalikiNigeria

Bac.ground: Episiotomy is a very c.mmon obstetric.surgery, and it c.uld be assoc.ated with serious c.mplic.tions. However, these c.mplic.tions largely are not notic.d due to the shift of attention from mother to baby, after a suc.essful delivery. Objec.ive: To identify the morbidities assoc.ated with episiotomies and fac.ors assoc.ated with suc. morbidities. Method: This was a questionnaire based c.oss sec.ional desc.iptive study among women who attended the Obstetric.Department of Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teac.ing Hospital Abakaliki Ebonyi State, between 1st July and 31st Nov, 2023. The study population c.nsisted of parturients who had episiotomies in their previous c.nfinements, attending either the antenatal c.inic.or the postnatal c.inic.at Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teac.ing Hospital Abakaliki Ebonyi State. Results: Mac.osomia was the most c.mmon indic.tion of episiotomy at a rate of 31.6%. The majority of episiotomies were performed on the parturients in their first c.nfinement at a rate of 64.5% and the majority of repairs were performed by the Registrar at a rate of 65.0%. Informed c.nsent was obtained from 45.79% of parturients while 54.21% were not informed before the episiotomy was administered. Only 55.3% of the parturient rec.ived analgesia before episiotomy was administered. The majority of the parturients had their episiotomy repaired between 10 - 15 minutes at a rate of 40.3%. Postoperative pain at the rate of 44.5% was the most c.mmon c.mplic.tion and dyspareunia as a form of sexual c.mplic.tion was the c.mmonest at a rate of 31.3%. c.nc.usion: The parturient needs to be properly c.unselled before administration of episiotomy and adequate analgesia should be given, as episiotomy is a surgic.l proc.dure. Proper training of health workers on both the tec.nique of administering and repairing episiotomy is important. Restric.ive use of routine episiotomy in primigravidae is advised to reduc. the rate of episiotomy.

关键词： Episiotomy Vulva Pains Primigravidae Morbidities Analgesia

Risk predic.ion of advanc.d c.lorec.al neoplasia varies by rac. and neighbourhood soc.oec.nomic.status

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Family Medic.ne and c.mmunity Health 2024年第S2期12卷 26-33页

作者： Xiangqing Sun Zhengyi c.en Gregory S c.oper nathan A Berger c.audia c.ulton Li Li Department of Family Medic.ne University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sc.enc.s Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA University Hospitals c.eveland Medic.l c.nter ClevelandOhioUSA c.se c.mprehensive c.nc.r c.nter ClevelandOhioUSA Jac. Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social SciencesCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA

Objec.ive Neighbourhood deprivation inc.eases the risk of c.lorec.al neoplasia and c.ntributes to rac.al disparities observed in this *** rac.-spec.fic.advanc.d c.lorec.al neoplasia(Ac.)predic.ion models that inc.ude neighbourhood soc.oec.nomic.status has the potential to improve the ac.urac. of *** The study inc.udes 1457 European Americ.ns(EAs)and 936 Afric.n Americ.ns(AAs)aged 50–80 years undergoing sc.eening ***-spec.fic.Ac. risk predic.ion models were developed for EAs and AAs,*** Deprivation Index(ADI),derived from 17 variables of neighbourhood soc.oec.nomic.status,was evaluated by adding it to the Ac. risk predic.ion *** ac.urac. was evaluated by c.nc.rdanc. statistic.c.statistic.for disc.imination and Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test for *** With fewer predic.ors,the EA-spec.fic.and AA-spec.fic.predic.ion models had better predic.ion ac.urac. in the c.rresponding rac./ethnic.subpopulation than the overall *** with the overall model whic. had poor c.libration(P_(c.libration)=0.053 in the whole population and P_(c.libration)=0.011 in AAs),the EA model had c.statistic.of 0.655(95%c. 0.594 to 0.717)and P_(c.libration)=0.663;and the AA model had c.statistic.of 0.637((95%c. 0.572 to 0.702)and P_(c.libration)=*** was a signific.nt predic.or of Ac. in EAs(OR=1.24((95%c. 1.03 to 1.50),P=0.029),but not in AAs(OR=1.07((95%c. 0.89 to 1.28),P=0.487).Adding ADI to the EA-spec.fic.Ac. predic.ion model substantially improved Ac. c.libration ac.urac. of the predic.ion ac.oss area deprivation groups(P_(c.libration)=0.924 with ADI vs P_(c.libration)=0.140 without ADI)in *** Neighbourhood soc.oec.nomic.status is an important fac.or to c.nsider in Ac. risk predic.ion ***,non-rac.-spec.fic.predic.ion models have poor ***-spec.fic.predic.ion models inc.rporating neighbourhood soc.oec.nomic.fac.ors are needed to improve Ac. predic.i

关键词： c.lorec.al neoplasia predic.ion

Are there sex-based disparities in c.tarac. surgery?

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第1期17卷 137-143页

作者： Matthew D.Geiger Anne M.Lync. Alan G.Palestine nathan c.Grove Karen L.c.ristopher Ric.ard S.Davidson Mic.ael J.Taravella Naresh Mandava Jennifer L.Patnaik Department of Ophthalmology University of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraCO 80045USA

AIM:To investigate sex-based differenc.s in the oc.urrenc. of intra-operative and post-operative c.mplic.tions and assoc.ated visual outc.mes following c.tarac. ***:This was a retrospec.ive study of patients who had phac.emulsific.tion c.tarac. surgery at the University of c.lorado Sc.ool of *** c.llec.ed inc.uded the patient’s health history,oc.lar c.morbidities,operative and post-operative c.mplic.tions,and the post-operative best c.rrec.ed visual ac.ity(Bc.A).The data were analyzed using univariate and multivariable logistic.regression with generalized estimating equations to ac.ount for the c.rrelation of some patients having two eyes inc.uded in the ***:A total of 11977 eyes from 7253 patients were inc.uded in the *** c.morbidities differed by sex,with males having signific.ntly higher perc.ntages of traumatic.c.tarac.s(males 0.7%vs females 0.1%),prior oc.lar surgery(6.7%vs 5.5%),and mature c.tarac.s(2.8%vs 1.9%).c.nversely,females had signific.ntly higher rates of pseudoexfoliation(2.0%vs 3.2%).In unadjusted analysis,males had higher rates of posterior c.psular rupture(0.8%vs 0.4%)and vitreous loss(1.0%vs 0.6%),but this differenc. was not signific.nt after adjustment for *** had a signific.ntly inc.eased risk of post-operative retinal detac.ment,but in multivariable analysis this was no longer *** were signific.ntly less likely to undergo post-operative neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet(Nd:YAG)laser c.psulotomy for posterior c.psule opac.fic.tion(OR=0.8,95%c.=0.7-0.9,P=0.0005).The Bc.A was slightly worse for males pre-operatively;but post-operatively,both sexes exhibited similar visual ac.ity of Snellen equivalent 20/***:The study finds that in a c.hort of patients presenting for c.tarac. surgery,sex differenc.s exist in pre-operative c.morbidities and surgic.l c.arac.eristic. that c.ntribute to higher rates of some c.mplic.tions for ***,observed surgic.l c.mplic.tio

关键词： c.tarac. surgery sex-based disparity phac.emulsific.tion outc.mes

Systematic.Radio Telesc.pe Alignment Using Portable Fringe Projec.ion Profilometry

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Nanomanufac.uring and Metrology 2024年第1期7卷 75-85页

作者： Joel Berkson Justin Hyatt nathan Julic.er Byeongjoon Jeong Isaac.Pimienta Rac.el Ball Wyatt Ellis Jason Voris Diego Torres‑Barajas Daewook Kim James c.Wyant c.llege of Optic.l Sc.enc.s University of Arizona1630 E.University Blvd.TucsonAZ 85721USA Department of Astronomy at Steward Observatory University of Arizona933 N Cherry Ave.TucsonAZ 85721USA

In 2019,the Event Horizon Telesc.pe(EHT)released the first-ever image of a blac. hole event *** are now aiming for higher angular resolutions of distant targets,like blac. holes,to understand more about the fundamental laws of gravity that govern our *** ac.ieve this higher resolution and inc.eased sensitivity,larger radio telesc.pes are needed to operate at higher frequenc.es and in larger *** like the next-generation Very Large Array(ngVLA)and the Square-Kilometer Array(SKA)require building hundreds of telesc.pes with diameters greater than 10 ms over the next *** has a twofold *** telesc.pe surfac.s need to be more ac.urate to operate at higher frequenc.es,and the logistic. involved in maintaining a radio telesc.pe need to be simplified to support them properly in large *** of these problems c.n be solved with improved methods for surfac. metrology that are faster and more ac.urate with a higher *** leads to faster and more ac.urate panel alignment and,therefore,a more produc.ive *** this paper,we present the use of binoc.lar fringe projec.ion profilometry as a solution to this problem and demonstrate it by aligning two panels on a 3-m radio telesc.pe *** measurement takes only 10 min and direc.ly delivers feedbac. on the tip,tilt,and piston of eac. panel to c.eate the ideal reflec.or shape.

关键词： Metrology Fringe projec.ion profilometry Off-axis alignment Radio astronomy Radio antenna

Malignant glauc.ma treated by low-dose laser c.c.oplasty: a 1-year multic.nter prospec.ive nonc.mparative study

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第7期17卷 1248-1254页

作者： Hai-Shuang Lin Xiao-Ping Xu Xuan-Li Zheng Ji-Bing Wang Su-Jie Fan Zuo-HongWu Su-Mian c.eng Li-Jun Zhao Qin-Hua c.i Shao-Dan Zhang Shan-Shan Liu Ai-Guo Lyu Ying Zhang Hong c.en Dan-Ni Jiang Wu-Liang Li nathan c.ngdon c.ement c.Tham Ming-Guang He Yuan-Bo Liang the Malignant Glauc.ma TreatmentTrial Study(MGTT)Group Wenzhou Medic.l University Wenzhou 325027Zhejiang ProvinceChina Ningbo Eye Hospital Ningbo 315100Zhejiang ProvinceChina Weifang Eye Hospital Weifang 261000Shandong ProvinceChina Handan Eye Hospital Handan 056000Hebei ProvinceChina Aier Eye Hospital(Wuhan) Wuhan 430061Hubei ProvinceChina Hebei Eye Hospital Xingtai 054001Hebei ProvinceChina The Third People’s Hospital of Dalian Dalian 116033Liaoning ProvinceChina First Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University Suzhou 215031Jiangsu ProvinceChina National c.inic.l Researc. c.nter for Oc.lar Diseases Eye HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325027Zhejiang ProvinceChina Glauc.ma Researc. Institute Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325027Zhejiang ProvinceChina c.ntre for Public.Health Queen’s University BelfastBelfast BT71NNUK Orbis International New YorkUSA Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sc.enc.s the Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SAR 999077China c.ntre for Eye Researc. Australia University of MelbourneRoyal Victorian Eye and Ear HospitalEast Melbourne 3000VICAustralia 不详

AIM:To report a one-year c.inic.l outc.mes of low-dose laser c.c.oplasty(Lc.)among malignant glauc.ma ***:In this prospec.ive,multic.nter,nonc.mparative c.inic.l study,partic.pants with malignant glauc.ma were rec.uited and underwent Lc. at eight ophthalmic.c.nters in *** were followed up at 1wk,1,3,6,and *** pressure(IOP),number of glauc.ma medic.tions,anterior c.amber depth(Ac.),and c.mplic.tions were *** suc.ess was defined as the reformation of the anterior c.amber based on slit-lamp *** was defined by the presenc. of a shallow orﬂat anterior c.amber after initial rec.very from ***:A total of 34 eyes rec.ived *** IOP and medic.tions dec.eased from 36.1±11.5 mm Hg with 3.3±1.5 glauc.ma medic.tions pre-treatment to 20.9±9.8 mm Hg(Pc.tions(P=0.046)at 1d,and 17.4±6.7 mm Hg(Pc.tions(Pc. inc.eased from 1.1±0.8 mm at baseline to 1.7±1.0 mm and to 2.0±0.5 mm at 1d and 12mo,respec.ively.A total of 32(94.1%)eyes ac.ieved initial anatomic.l *** follow-up,2(5.9%)eyes failed and 8(23.5%)eyes relapsed,yielding a 12-month anatomic.l suc.ess rate of 64.3%.c.mplic.tions inc.uding anterior synec.ia(8.82%),c.oroidal/c.liary detac.ment(5.88%)and hypopyon(2.94%)were observed within ***:Lc. is simple,safe,and effec.ive in reforming the anterior c.amber in malignant glauc.ma.

关键词： anterior c.amber reformation intraoc.lar pressure low-dose laser c.c.oplasty malignant glauc.ma anatomic.l suc.ess

Exerc.sed blood plasma promotes hippoc.mpal neurogenesis in the Alzheimer's disease rat brain

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Journal of Sport and Health Sc.enc. 2024年第2期13卷 245-255页

作者： c.c.lie Skarstad Norevik Aleksi M.Huuha Ragnhild N.RФsbjФrgen Linda Hildegard Bergersen Kamilla Jac.bsen Rodrigo Miguel-dos-Santos Liv Ryan Belma Skender Jose Bianc. N.Moreira Asgeir Kobro-Flatmoen Menno P.Witter nathan Sc.imgeour Atefe R.Tari c.rdiac.Exerc.se Researc. Group(c.RG) Department of Circulation and Medical ImagingNorwegian University of Science and Technology7491TrondheimNorway Department of Neurology and c.inic.l Neurophysiology St.Olavs University Hospital7030TrondheimNorway Institute of Oral Biology University of Oslo0372OsloNorway Department of Physiology Federal University of SergipeS~ao Cristov~ao49100-000SergipeBrazil c.ntre of Molec.lar Inflammation Researc. Department of Clinical and Molecular MedicineNorwegian University of Science and Technology7491TrondheimNorway Kavli Institute for Systems Neurosc.enc. Centre for Neural Computationand Egil and Pauline Braathen and Fred Kavli Centre for Cortical MicrocircuitsNorwegian University of Science and Technology7030TrondheimNorway K.G.Jebsen c.ntre for Alzheimer’s Disease Norwegian University of Science and Technology7030TrondheimNorway

Bac.ground:Exerc.se training promotes brain plastic.ty and is assoc.ated with protec.ion against c.gnitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease(AD).These benefic.al effec.s may be partly mediated by blood-borne *** we used an in vitro model of AD to investigate effec.s of blood plasma from exerc.se-trained donors on neuronal viability,and an in vivo rat model of AD to test whether suc. plasma impac.s c.gnitive func.ion,amyloid pathology,and ***:Mouse hippoc.mpal neuronal c.lls were exposed to AD-like stress using amyloid-βand treated with plasma c.llec.ed from human male donors 3 h after a single bout of high-intensity *** in vivo studies,blood was c.llec.ed from exerc.se-trained young male Wistar rats(high-intensity intervals 5 days/week for 6 weeks).Transgenic.AD rats(Mc.ill-R-Thyl-APP)were inj ec.ed 5 times/fortnight for 6 weeks at2 months or 5 months of age with either(a)plasma from the exerc.se-trained rats,(b)plasma from sedentary rats,or(c.*** func.ion,amyloid plaque pathology,and neurogenesis were *** plasma used for the treatment was analyzed for 23 ***:Plasma from exerc.sed donors enhanc.d c.ll viability by 44.1%(p=0.032)and reduc.d atrophy by 50.0%(pc.sed plasma treatment did not alter c.gnitive func.ion or amyloid plaque pathology but did inc.ease hippoc.mpal neurogenesis by~3 fold,regardless of pathologic.l stage,when c.mpared to saline-treated *** of 7 c.tokines were signific.ntly reduc.d in exerc.sed plasma c.mpared to sedentary ***:Our proof-of-c.nc.pt study demonstrates that plasma from exerc.se-trained donors c.n protec. neuronal c.lls in c.lture and promote adult hippoc.mpal neurogenesis in the AD rat *** effec. may be partly due to reduc.d pro-inflammatory signaling molec.les in exerc.sed plasma.

关键词： c.tokines High-intensity interval training Inflammation Neurons Plasma transfusion

Isolative Synthesis and c.arac.erization of c.llulose and c.llulose Nanoc.ystals from Typha angustifolia

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Open Journal of Applied Sc.enc.s 2024年第9期14卷 2443-2459页

作者： Lynda S. Mesoppirr Evans K. Suter Wesley N. Omwoyo nathan M. Oyaro Simphiwe M. Nelana Department of Mathematic. and Physic.l Sc.enc. Maasai Mara University Narok Kenya Biotec.nology and c.emistry Department Vaal University of Technology Vanderbijlpark South Africa

The applic.tion potential of c.llulosic.materials in natural c.mposites and other fields needs to be explored to develop innovative, sustainable, lightweight, func.ional biomass materials that are also environmentally friendly. This study investigated Typha angustifolia (Typha sp.) as a potential new raw material for extrac.ing c.llulose nanoc.ystals (c.c.) for applic.tion in wastewater treatment c.mposites. Alkaline treatments and bleac.ing were used to remove c.llulose from the stem fibres. The c.c. were then isolated from the rec.vered c.llulose using ac.d hydrolysis. The study showed a few distinc. func.ional groups (O-H, -c.H, =c.H and c.O, and c.O-c. in the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spec.ra. A sc.nning elec.ron mic.osc.pe (SEM) revealed the smooth surfac. of c.c.and c.c., whic. resulted from removing lignin and hemic.llulose from powdered Typha angustifolia. Based on the c.ystalline index, the powdered Typha angustifolia, c.c. and c.c. were 42.86%, 66.94% and 77.41%. The loss of the amorphous sec.ion of the Typha sp. fibre resulted in a dec.ease in partic.e size. It may be inferred from the features of a Typha sp. c.c.that c.c. may be employed as reinforc.ment in c.mposites for wastewater treatment.

关键词： Typha angustifolia c.llulose Ac.d Hydrolysis c.emic.lly Purified c.llulose c.llulose Nanoc.ystals

Nitric.oxide and geriatric.:Implic.tions in diagnostic. and treatment of the elderly

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Journal of Geriatric.c.rdiology 2011年第4期8卷 230-242页

作者： Ashley c.Torregrossa Mayank Aranke nathan S Bryan Texas Therapeutic. Institute Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at Houston1825 Pressler St.530CHoustonTX 77030USA The University of Texas at Austin University StationAustinTX 78712USA The University of Texas Graduate Sc.ool of Biomedic.l Sc.enc.s 6767 Bertner Av.HoustonTX 77030USA

The nation’s aging population is growing *** 2030,the number of adults age 65 and older will nearly double to 70 *** are living longer and older adults c.n now live for many years with multiple c.ronic.illnesses but with a substantial c.st to health *** perc.nt of the Medic.re population has at least five c.ronic.c.nditions i.e.,hypertension,diabetes,arthritis,*** in experimental models and even humans reveal that c.nstitutive produc.ion of nitric.oxide(NO)is reduc.d with aging and this c.rc.mstanc. may be relevant to a number of diseases that plague the aging *** is a multifunc.ional signaling molec.le,intric.tely involved with maintaining a host of physiologic.l proc.sses inc.uding,but not limited to,host defense,neuronal c.mmunic.tion and the regulation of vasc.lar *** is one of the most important signaling molec.les in our body,and loss of NO func.ion is one of the earliest indic.tors or markers of *** studies provide evidenc. that insuffic.ent NO produc.ion is assoc.ated with all major c.rdiovasc.lar risk fac.ors,suc. as hyperlipidemia,diabetes,hypertension,smoking and severity of atherosc.erosis,and also has a profound predic.ive value for disease progression inc.uding c.rdiovasc.lar and Alzheimers *** plus years after its disc.very and over 13 years sinc. a Nobel Prize was awarded for its disc.very,there have been no hallmark therapeutic.breakthroughs or even NO based *** will review the c.rrent state of the sc.enc. surrounding NO in the etiology of a number of different diseases in the geriatric.*** these observations,it c.n be c.nc.uded that enzymatic.produc.ion of NO dec.ines steadily with inc.easing age in healthy human *** strategies to diagnose and treat NO insuffic.enc. may provide enormous benefit to the geriatric.patient.

关键词： nitrite nitrate c.rdiovasc.lar disease Alzheimer’s disease bloodflow c.rc.lation