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Effect of small bowel transit time on accuracy of video capsule endoscopy in evaluating suspected small bowel bleeding

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2022年第6期13卷 88-95页

作者： nandakumar mohan Simone Jarrett Alexander Pop Daniel Rodriguez Robert Dudnick Internal Medicine Einstein Medical Center PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPA 19141United States Division of Gastrointestinal Diseases and Hepatology Einstein Medical Center PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPA 19141United States Department of Urban Health and Nutrition Lasalle UniversityPhiladelphiaPA 19141United States

BACKGROUND Obscure small bowel bleeding is defined as gastrointestinal bleeding(GIB)that is unidentifiable with esophagogastroduodenoscopy and a colonoscopy with video capsule endoscopy(VCE)being the next gold standard step for *** bowel transit time(SBTT)is a metric of a VCE study that is defined as the time the capsule takes to travel through the small *** To determine if SBTT within the VCE study,correlates to overall detection of obscure small bowel ***,we attempted to identify any existing correlation between SBTT and re-bleeding after a negative VCE *** This is a single center retrospective analysis of VCE studies performed for overt and occult GIB at Einstein Medical Center,Philadelphia,between 2015 and *** criteria primarily consisted of patients 18 years or older who had a VCE study done as part of the workup for a *** with incomplete VCEs,poor preparation,or with less than 6 mo of follow up were excluded.A re-bleeding event was defined either as overt or occult within a 6-mo *** rebleeding was defined as Visible melena or hematochezia with>2 gm/dL drop in hemoglobin defined an overt re-bleeding event;whereas an unexplained>2 gm/dL drop in hemoglobin with no visible bleeding defined an occult *** Results indicated that there was a significant and positive point biserial correlation between SBTT of 220 min and detection of a bleeding focus with a statistically significant p value of ***,the area under the curve was negligible when trying to identify a threshold time for SBTT to discriminate between risk of re-bleeding events after a negative *** In terms of SBTT and association with accuracy of VCE finding a bleeding focus,220 min was found to be adequate transit time to accurately find a bleeding focus,when *** was found that no threshold SBTT could be identified to help predict re-bleeding after a negative VCE.

关键词： Small bowel transit time Endoscopy Video capsule endoscopy Obscure bleed Small bowel Anemia

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Utility of fluid inclusion paleo-temperature in petroleum system modelling:A case study from western offshore,India

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Energy Geoscience 2024年第2期5卷 101-119页

作者： V.nandakumar S.Shivapriya Silpa Thankan National Facility for Geofluids Research and Raman Analysis National Centre for Earth Science StudiesMinistry of Earth SciencesGovernment of IndiaThiruvananthapuram695011KeralaIndia Department of Geology Kerala UniversityThiruvananthapuram695581KeralaIndia

The paleo-temperature(Th)data from fluid inclusions are utilized for thermal history modelling using PetroMod ***,bottom hole temperature(BHT)and vitrinite reflectance(Ro)measurements are widely used in petroleum system modelling(PSM)in the oil industry for calibration *** representing the minimum temperature of fluid entrapment estimated from fluid-inclusion study provides extra support to build the thermal models for *** inclusion parameters along with Rock-Eval pyrolysis analysis have been used to predict the maturity of oil in terms of API gravity as well as the maturity of source rocks *** exploratory wells RV-1(Mumbai Offshore Basin)and KK4C-A-1(Kerala-Konkan Offshore Basin),India were examined and the T_(h)from most of the fluid inclusions of wells RV-1 and KK4C-A-1 fell in the oil window range of 60e140℃suggesting thermal conditions favourable for oil generation in both of the wells.T_(h)of coeval aqueous inclusions along with the Hydrocarbon Fluid inclusions(HCFIs)was used to calibrate *** parameters show that source rocks of well RV-1 are mature and that of well KK4C-A-1 are *** sets of PSM are created in terms of generation and expulsion for the dry wells RV-1 and KK4C-A-1 and calibrated each well using fluid inclusion Th and *** the fluid inclusion analysis method,it is evident that hydrocarbon generation happened in both wells and the paleo-temperature indicates that the formations of both wells were subjected to temperatures in the oil window range,even though it was designated as dry wells in the present *** present study highlights the application of fluid inclusion paleo-temperature(Th)during calibration instead of commonly used *** could obtain desirable and accurate data output from PSM using T_(h) calibration.

关键词： Paleo-temperature(T_(h)) Hydrocarbon fluid inclusion Petroleum system modelling Petroleum generation and expulsion Western offshore basin

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Gut commensal metabolite rhamnose promotes macrophages phagocytosis by activating SLC12A4 and protects against sepsis in mice

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第7期14卷 3068-3085页

作者： Dongping Li Rongjuan Wei Xianglong Zhang Shenhai Gong Meijuan Wan Fangzhao Wang Jiaxin Li Meiling Chen Ruofan Liu Yantong Wan Yinghao Hong Zhenhua Zeng Peng Gu Zhang Wang Kutty Selva nandakumar Yong Jiang Hongwei Zhou Peng Chen Department of Pathophysiology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of ProteomicsSchool of Basic Medical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510000China Department of Critical Care Medicine Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510000China Department of Gastroenterology Shenzhen HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityShenzhen 518000China dInstitute of Ecological Sciences School of Life SciencesSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou 510000China Department of Environmental and Biosciences School of BusinessInnovation and SustainabilityKristian IV’s vag 3Halmstad UniversityHalmstad 30004Sweden Microbiome Medicine Center Zhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510000China

Sepsis progression is significantly associated with the disruption of gut ***,the modulatory mechanisms of gut microbiota operating during sepsis are still ***,we investigated how gut commensals impact sepsis development in a pre-clinical *** ligation and puncture(CLP)surgery was used to establish polymicrobial sepsis in *** depleted of gut microbiota by an antibiotic cocktail(ABX)exhibited a significantly higher level of mortality than *** determined by metabolomics analysis,ABX treatment has depleted many metabolites,and subsequent supplementation with L-rhamnose(rhamnose,Rha),a bacterial carbohydrate metabolite,exerted profound immunomodulatory properties with a significant enhancement in macrophage phagocytosis,which in turn improved organ damage and ***,rhamnose binds directly to and activates the solute carrier family 12(potassium-chloride symporter),member 4(SLC12A4)in macrophages and promotes phagocytosis by activating the small G-proteins,Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate1(Rac1)and cell division control protein 42 homolog(Cdc42).Interestingly,rhamnose has enhanced the phagocytosis capacity of macrophages from sepsis *** conclusion,by identifying SLC12A4 as the host interacting protein,we disclosed that the gut commensal metabolite rhamnose is a functional molecular that could promote the phagocytosis capacity of macrophages and protect the host against sepsis.

关键词： Gut microbiota Sepsis Rhamnose SLC12A4 GTP-Rac1 GTP-Cdc42 Macrophage Phagocytosis

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Hydrocarbon fluid inclusions and source rock parameters:A comparison from two dry wells in the western offshore,India

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第1期14卷 64-78页

作者： Silpa Thankan V.nandakumar S.Shivapriya National Facility for Geofluids Research and Raman Analysis National Centre for Earth Science StudiesMinistry of Earth SciencesGovernment of IndiaThiruvananthapuram 695011KeralaIndia Department of Geology University of KeralaThiruvananthapuram 695581KeralaIndia

Fluid inclusions represent the direct evidence of paleofluids and can provide valuable information on the evolution of sedimentary basins and oil-bearing *** fluid inclusion(s)(HCFIs)are the vestiges of oil from the geological *** paper delineates the paleotemperature(T_(h))/oil window,the oil quality of HCFIs and Raman peaks corresponding to hydrocarbon species of HCFIs using fluid inclusion techniques,and source rock potential of hydrocarbon generation,thermal maturity,the quantity of organic matter,and the kerogen types obtained through Rock-Eval pyrolysis data from two dry wells RV-1 well of Mumbai offshore and KKD-1A well of Kerala-Konkan *** present study compares the fluid inclusion parameters as well as the source rock geochemical characteristics of these two dry wells to address the scientific problem of the wells going ***,evaluated whether the results agree with an earlier finding from a case study of two wells named KK4C-Al(Kerala-Konkan basin)and RV-1 well where only a few parameters such as temperature of homogenization(T_(h))&API gravity were utilised,and the chances of getting oil in the nearby areas of these two wells were *** the present study,the fluid inclusion parameters such as the palaeotemperature(T_(h)),API Gravity and Raman spectra were obtained from micron sized fluid inclusions at different depths for a quick assessment of nature of oil inclusions within the two dry *** with fluid inclusion parameters,different source rock parameters obtained from Rock-Eval Pyrolysis analysis(secondary data)such as S1,S2,S3,(T_(max)),Hydrogen Index(HI),Oxygen Index(OI),Potential Yield(PY),Production Index(PI)and Total Organic Carbon Content(TOC)were also considered for a detailed source-rock evaluation of two wells(RV-1 and KKD-1A)and the results act as the supporting evidence to address the reason for the wells gone *** of homogenisation(T_(h))of hydrocarbon Fluid Inclusion Assemblages(F

关键词： Hydrocarbon fluid inclusions(HCFIs) Spectroscopic analysis Oil window API gravity Rock-Eval pyrolysis

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LSTM Based Spectrum Prediction for Real-Time Spectrum Access for IoT Applications

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第3期35卷 2805-2819页

作者： R.nandakumar Vijayakumar Ponnusamy Aman Kumar Mishra KSR Institute for Engineering and Technology Tiruchencode637215India ECE Department SRMISTChengalpattuChennai603202India

In the Internet of Things(IoT)scenario,many devices will communi-cate in the presence of the cellular network;the chances of availability of spec-trum will be very scary given the presence of large numbers of mobile users and large amounts of *** prediction is very encouraging for high trafﬁc next-generation wireless networks,where devices/machines which are part of the Cognitive Radio Network(CRN)can predict the spectrum state prior to transmission to save their limited energy by avoiding unnecessarily sen-sing radio *** short-term memory(LSTM)is employed to simulta-neously predict the Radio Spectrum State(RSS)for two-time slots,thereby allowing the secondary node to use the prediction result to transmit its information to achieve lower waiting time hence,enhanced performance capacity.A frame-work of spectral transmission based on the LSTM prediction is formulated,named as positive prediction and sensing-based spectrum *** proposed scheme provides an average maximum waiting time gain of 2.88 *** proposed scheme provides 0.096 bps more capacity than a conventional energy detector.

关键词： Cognitive radio network encoder-decoder LSTM waiting time capacity

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Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy from Retinal Images Using DenseNet Models

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第4期45卷 279-292页

作者： R.nandakumar P.Saranya Vijayakumar Ponnusamy Subhashree Hazra Antara Gupta Department of ECE K S R Institute for Engineering and TechnologyTiruchengode637215India Department of Computer Science and Engineering SRM Institute of Science and TechnologyChennai603203India Department of Electronics and Communication and Engineering SRM Institute of Science and TechnologyChennai603203India

A prevalent diabetic complication is Diabetic Retinopathy(DR),which can damage the retina’s veins,leading to a severe loss of *** treated in the early stage,it can help to prevent vision *** since its diagnosis takes time and there is a shortage of ophthalmologists,patients suffer vision loss even before ***,early detection of DR is the necessity of the *** primary purpose of the work is to apply the data fusion/feature fusion technique,which combines more than one relevant feature to predict diabetic retinopathy at an early stage with greater *** procedures for diabetic retinopathy analysis are fundamental in taking care of these *** profound learning for parallel characterization has accomplished high approval exactness’s,multi-stage order results are less noteworthy,especially during beginning phase *** Connected Convolutional Networks are suggested to detect of Diabetic Retinopathy on retinal *** presented model is trained on a Diabetic Retinopathy Dataset having 3,662 images given by *** results suggest that the training accuracy of 93.51%0.98 precision,0.98 recall and 0.98 F1-score has been achieved through the best one out of the three models in the proposed *** same model is tested on 550 images of the Kaggle 2015 dataset where the proposed model was able to detect No DR images with 96%accuracy,Mild DR images with 90%accuracy,Moderate DR images with 89%accuracy,Severe DR images with 87%accuracy and Proliferative DR images with 93%accuracy.

关键词： Convolutional Neural Networks vision loss pathogenic blood vessels DenseNet AlexNet ResNet

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Small molecule SMU-CX24 targeting toll-like receptor 3 counteracts inflammation:A novel approach to atherosclerosis therapy

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2022年第9期12卷 3667-3681页

作者： Xiaohong Cen Baoqu Wang Yuqing Liang Yanlin Chen Yu Xiao Shaohua Du Kutty Selva nandakumar Hang Yin Shuwen Liu Kui Cheng Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening and State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research School of Pharmaceutical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515China Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510642China School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural BiologyTsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Toll-like receptor 3(TLR3),as an important pattern recognition receptor(PRR),dominates the innate and adaptive immunity regulating many acute and chronic inflammatory *** is proved as an inflammatory disease,and inflammatory events involved in the entire process of initiation and ***,the contribution of TLR3 to atherosclerosis remains ***,we identified the clinical relevance of TLR3 upregulation and disease processes in human ***,activation of TLR3 also directly led to significant expression of atherogenic chemokines and adhesion ***,silencing TLR3 inhibited the uptake of oxLDL by macrophages and significantly reduced foam cell *** the aberrance in TLR3 functions on atherosclerosis progression,we hypothesized that TLR3 could serve as novel target for clinical atherosclerosis ***,we developed the novel ellipticine derivative SMU-CX24,which specifically inhibited TLR3(IC_(50)=18.87±2.21 nmol/L).In vivo,atherosclerotic burden was alleviated in Western diet fed ApoE^(−/−)mice in response to SMU-CX24 treatment,accompanying notable reductions in TLR3 expression and inflammation infiltration within atherosclerotic ***,for the first time,we revealed that pharmacological downregulation of TLR3 with specific inhibitor regenerated inflammatory environment to counteract atherosclerosis progression,thereby proposing a new strategy and probe for atherosclerosis therapy.

关键词： Toll-like receptor 3 Atherosclerosis Small molecule Inflammation Macrophage

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Impact of increased renewables on natural gas markets in eastern United States

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2017年第3期5卷 424-438页

作者： Neha nandakumar Anuradha M.ANNASWAMY Institute for Data Systemsand SocietyMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA

This paper explores the market structures of natural gas and electricity as well as the interdependence of natural gas prices and bids with increasing reliance on natural gas as the penetration of renewable energy resources increases in order to complement their intermittencies. In particular, the paper will attempt to answer the following two questions: What could the generation mix look like in 2030 with a renewable-rich generation landscape and how could this impact gas prices? How do gasfired generator(GFG) generation volatility, their prices,and their bids for gas change between 2015 and 2030 with increased penetration of renewables? In order to answer these questions, computational models are derived using forecasting and regression analysis tools and an auction model.

关键词： Natural gas markets Gas-fired generators Regression analysis Optimal auction model Volatility Gas prices

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Autophagy induced by STING, an unnoticed and primordial function of cGAS

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2019年第8期16卷 683-684页

作者： Junjie Yang Xiaoshan Tang Kutty Selva nandakumar Kui Cheng Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment School of Pharmaceutical SciencesSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515China

Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase(cGAS),combined with dsDNA,produces cyclic GMP-AMP(cGAMP)to stimulate STING and activates the kinases TBK1 and IKK to induce interferon and other cytokines,which play an important role in host *** addition to the traditional interferon inflammatory signaling pathway of cGAS,recently,Chen et al.1 discovered a new mechanism in which cGAS-cGAMP-STING activated autophagy through WIPI2 and *** is a process induced under various cellular stress conditions,such as oxygen deficit,nutrient deprivation,lack of growth factors,and infection,aiming to maintain the basic survival of cells or promote apoptosis of senescent cells.2,3 The activation of the autophagy-related(ATG)1/Unc-51-like kinase(ULK)complex is vital for autophagy *** ATG1/ULK1 complex phosphorylates or recruits its downstream proteins,contributing to autophagosome formation.3 Under the regulation of related genes,“cargo”is transferred to the lysosome and digested by various *** addition,cyclic GMP-AMP synthase(cGAS),which detects exogenous or self-damaged dsDNA in the cytoplasm after binding to dsDNA,produces cGAMP to activate the adaptor protein stimulator of interferon genes(STING),triggering the downstream pathway and secretion of interferon or other cytokines.

关键词： maintain transferred STING

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Insulin resistance in diabetes: The promise of using induced pluripotent stem cell technology

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2021年第3期13卷 221-235页

作者： Ahmed K Elsayed Selvaraj Vimalraj Manjula nandakumar Essam M Abdelalim Diabetes Research Center Qatar Biomedical Research InstituteHamad Bin Khalifa UniversityQatar FoundationDoha 34110Qatar Centre for Biotechnology Anna UniversityChennai 600025India College of Health and Life Sciences Hamad Bin Khalifa UniversityQatar FoundationDoha 34110Qatar

Insulin resistance(IR)is associated with several metabolic disorders,including type 2 diabetes(T2D).The development of IR in insulin target tissues involves genetic and acquired *** at genetic risk for T2D tend to develop IR several years before glucose *** rodent models for both IR and T2D are being used to study the disease pathogenesis;however,these models cannot recapitulate all the aspects of this complex disorder as seen in each *** pluripotent stem cells(hPSCs)can overcome the hurdles faced with the classical mouse models for studying *** induced pluripotent stem cells(hiPSCs)can be generated from the somatic cells of the patients without the need to destroy a human ***,patient-specific hiPSCs can generate cells genetically identical to IR individuals,which can help in distinguishing between genetic and acquired defects in insulin *** the technologies of genome editing and hiPSCs may provide important information about the genetic factors underlying the development of different forms of *** studies are required to fill the gaps in understanding the pathogenesis of IR and *** this review,we summarize the factors involved in the development of IR in the insulin-target tissues leading to ***,we highlight the use of hPSCs to understand the mechanisms underlying the development of IR.

关键词： Type 2 diabetes Insulin target tissues Human pluripotent stem cells Induced pluripotent stem cells Genetic factors Disease modeling

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