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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2012年第9期2卷 707-711页

作者： raja nagappan Department of Biology Faculty of Natural and Computational SciencesPost Box 196University of Gondar

Objective:To evaluate aqueous and ethanol extract of Cassia didymobotrya leaves against immature stages of Culex ***:The mortality rate of immature mosquitoes was tested in wide and narrow range concentration of the plant extract based on WHO standard *** wide range concentration tested in the present study was 10 000,1 000,100,10 and1 mg/L and narrow range concentration was 50,100,150,200 and 250 mg/***:2nd instar larvae exposed to 100 mg/L and above concentration of ethanol extract showed 100%*** stages such as 3rd,4th and pupa,100%mortality was observed at 1 000 mg/L and above concentration after 24 h exposure *** aqueous extract all the stages 100%mortality was recorded at 1000 mg/L and above *** narrow range concentration 2nd instar larvae 100%mortality was observed at 150 mg/L and above concentration of ethanol *** remaining stages 100%mortality was recorded at 250 mg/*** aqueous extract all the tested immature stages 100%mortality was observed at 250 mg/L concentration after 24 h exposure *** results clearly indicate that the rale of mortality was based dose of the plant extract and stage of the ***:From this study it is confirmed and concluded that Cassia didymobotrya is having active principle which is responsible for controlling Culex *** isolation of biouctive molecules and development of simple formulation technique is important for large scale implementation.

关键词： Cassia didymobotrya Culex quinquefasciatus Larvicide Pupicide Aqueous Ethanol Extracts

Isolation and characterization of potential antibiotic producing actinomycetes from water and sediments of Lake Tana,Ethiopia

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2013年第6期3卷 426-435页

作者： Gebreselema Gebreyohannes Feleke Moges Samuel Sahil nagappan raja Department of Biology Faculty of Natural and Computational SciencesPost Box 196University of GondarEthiopia Department of Medical Microbiology College of Medical and Health SciencesPost Box 196University of GondarEthiopia

Objective:To isolate,evaluate and characterize potential antibiotic producing actinomycetes from water and sediments of Lake Tana,***:A total of 31 strains of actinomycetes were isolated and tested against Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial strains by primary *** the primary screening.11 promising isolates were identified and subjected to solid state and submerged state fermentation methods to produce crude *** fermented biomass was extracted by organic solvent extraction method and tested against bacterial strains by disc and agar well diffusion *** isolates were characterized by using morphological,physiological and biochemical ***:The result obtained from agar well diffusion method was belter than disc diffusion *** crude extract showed higher inhibition zone against Gram positive bacteria than Cram negative ***-way analysis of variance confirmed most of the crude extracts were statistically significant at 95%confidence *** minimum inhibitor)concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of crude extracts were 1.65 mg/mL and 3.30 mg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus,and 1.84 mg/mL and 3.80 mg/mL against Escherichia coli *** growth of aerial and substrate mycelium varied in different culture media *** of the isolates were able to hydrolysis starch and urea:able to survive at 5%concentration of sodium chloride:optimum temperature for their growth was 30°***:The results of the present study revealed that freshwater actinomycetes of Luke Tana appear to have immense potential as a source ol antibacterial compounds.

关键词： Actinomycetes Solid state fermentation Submerged state fermentation Disc diffusion method Agar well diffusion method Crude extracts Antibiotics Antibacterial activity

Evaluation of immature mosquitocidal properties of Xanthium strumarium *** extracts against Culex mosquitoes(Diptera:Culicidae)

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2015年第11期 895-900页

作者： Kasim Roba Getinet Masresha Wondmeneh Jemberie raja nagappan Department of Biology College of Natural and Computational SciencesUniversity of GondarPost Box-196GondarEthiopia

Objective:To evaluate immature mosquitocidal properties of Xanthium strumarium plant extracts against Culex mosquitoes at Entomology Laboratory,Maraki Campus,University of ***:The immature mosquitocidal activity of plant extracts was tested by following World Health Organization recommended ***,methanol and water extracts were prepared at 50,100,150,200 and 250 mg/L concentrations and tested against third and fourth instar larvae and pupae of Culex *** mortality rate of immature mosquitoes was recorded after 24,48 and 72 h exposure period ***:Third instar larvae after 24 h exposure period,maximum mortality of 77.80%was recorded at 250 mg/L concentration of acetone *** 48 h and 72 h exposure period,maximum mortality of 88.90%was recorded in acetone extract in all the tested *** maximum mortality of fourth instar larvae was 88.90%in acetone extract at 200 and 250 mg/L *** mortality was also greater in acetone *** percentage of mortality in all the stage of mosquitoes was higher in acetone extract followed by methanol and water ***:The percentage of mortality is associated with concentration of the extracts tested and exposure *** laboratory study confirmed immature mosquitocidal activity of Xanthium strumarium leaf extracts against Culex *** aqueous leaf extract can be used by applying on small man-made breeding places to prevent adult emergence.

关键词： Culex mosquitoes Larvicidal Pupicidal Solvent extract Xanthium strumarium

Evaluation of water and ethanol extracts of Schinus molle *** immature Culex quinquefasciatus Say(Diptera:Culicidae)

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2014年第6期 471-477页

作者： Kidanemariam Girmay Bemnet Fikre Atsede Asmelash Biskut Getachew Emebet Tekle nagappan raja Department of Biology College of Natural and Computational SciencesUniversity of GondarPost Box 196GondarEthiopia

Objective:To evaluate larvicidal and pupicidal activities of aqueous and ethanol extract of different parts of Schinus molle against filarial vector,Culex quinquefasciatus(***)in the ***:The mortality rate of third,fourth instar larvae and pupal stages were tested at 20,40,60,80 and 100 mg/L of plant extract using WHO standard protocol with *** mortality rate was recorded continuously for 24,48 and 72 h post exposure period and percentage mortality was ***:Maximum percentage mortality of third instar was 83.3%in ethanol extract of mature fruit at 100 mg/L after 24 h exposure *** 48 h exposure period,93.3%percentage mortality was recorded in ethanol extract of immature fruit at 100 mg/*** 72 h exposure period,100%mortality was recorded in water extract of leaf at 100 mg/*** fourth instar larvae,maximum percentage mortality of 63.3%was recorded in water extract of mature fruit and ethanol extract of immature and mature fruit at 100 mg/L after 24 h exposure *** 48 h exposure period 86.6%mortality was recorded in ethanol extract of mature fruit at 100 mg/*** 72 h exposure period,93.3%mortality was recorded in ethanol extract of mature fruit at 100 mg/*** general immature ***,percentage mortality was increased with increase in exposure time and concentration of the plant extracts ***:From this laboratory study,Schinus molle plant parts were proved to have larvicidal and pupicidal activity against immature ***.

关键词： Schinus molle Culex quinquefasciatus Larvicidal Pupicidal Water Ethanol Extracts

Detailed study on the effect of different ignition enhancers in the binary blends of diesel/biodiesel as a possible substitute for unaltered compression ignition engine

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Petroleum Science 2020年第4期17卷 1151-1158页

作者： Yuvarajan Devarajan Dineshbabu Munuswamy Beemkumar nagappan SGanesan Department of Mechanical Engineering Madanapalle Institute of Technology&ScienceMadanapalle 517325India Department of Mechanical Engineering Panimalar Engineering CollegeChennaiIndia Department of Mechanical Engineering Jain UniversitySchool of Engineering and TechnologyBangloreIndia Department of Mechanical Engineering Sathyabama Institute of Science and TechnologyChennaiIndia

This study examines the impact of the oxygenated additives namely DTBP(Di-Tetra-Butyl-Phenol) and 1-Pentadecanol(1-DEC) on emissions,combustion and performance patterns of Karanja biodiesel/diesel *** additives were selected as ignition improver owing to their improved physicochemical *** additives were mixed at 10% volume with the equal blends of diesel and *** results revealed that by adding additives and biodiesel to diesel found no phase *** and peak pressure were highest for diesel and least for KBD/D ***,blending the additives enhanced its HRR and peak *** of additives lowered the harmful emissions significantly with a slight increase in NO emissions to the KBD/D *** addition,a noteworthy increase in performance aspects was observed for KBD/D blends by adding DTBP and 1-Pentadecanol.

关键词： Engine Additive Alcohol Biodiesel Diesel Karanja

Neuroregeneration and plasticity: a review of the physiological mechanisms for achieving functional recovery postinjury

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Military Medical Research 2020年第4期7卷 464-481页

作者： Palaniappan Ganesh nagappan Hong Chen De-Yun Wang School of Clinical Medicine University of CambridgeCambridge CB21TNUK Shengli Clinical College of Fujian Medical University Department of NeurologyFujian Provincial HospitalFuzhouFujian 350001China Department of Otolaryngology Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 119228Singapore

Neuronal networks,especially those in the central nervous system(CNS),evolved to support extensive functional capabilities while ensuring *** physiological"brakes"that maintain the stability of the neuronal networks in a healthy state quickly become a hinderance ***"brakes"include inhibition from the extracellular environment,intrinsic factors of neurons and the control of neuronal *** are distinct differences between the neuronal networks in the peripheral nervous system(PNS)and the *** these differences is the trade-off between reduced functional capabilities with increased adaptability through the formation of new connections and new *** PNS has"facilitators"that stimulate neuroregeneration and plasticity,while the CNS has"brakes"that limit *** studying how these"facilitators"and"brakes"work and identifying the key processes and molecules involved,we can attempt to apply these theories to the neuronal networks of the CNS to increase its *** difference in adaptability between the CNS and PNS leads to a difference in neuroregenerative properties and *** ensures quick functional recovery of abilities in the short and medium *** involves synthesizing new neurons and connections,providing extra resources in the long term to replace those damaged by the injury,and achieving a lasting functional ***,by understanding the factors that affect neuroregeneration and plasticity,we can combine their advantages and develop rehabilitation *** training methods,coordinated with pharmacological interventions and/or electrical stimulation,contributes to a precise,holistic treatment plan that achieves functional recovery from nervous system ***,these techniques are not limited to limb movement,as other functions lost as a result of brain injury,such as speech,can also be recovered with an appropriate training program.

关键词： Neuroregeneration Plasticity Neuronal systems Postinjury Central nervous system Peripheral nervous system Rehabilitation

Eye-Tracking Based Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnosis Using Chaotic Butterfly Optimization with Deep Learning Model

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第8期76卷 1995-2013页

作者： Tamilvizhi Thanarajan Youseef Alotaibi Surendran Rajendran Krishnaraj nagappan Department of Computer Science and Engineering Panimalar Engineering CollegeChennai600123India Department of Computer Science University College of Al JamoumUmm Al-Qura UniversityMakkah21421Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science and Engineering Saveetha School of EngineeringSaveetha Institute of Medical and Technical SciencesChennai602105India School of Computing SRM Institute of Science and TechnologyKattankulathur603203India

Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)can be defined as a neurodevelopmental condition or illness that can disturb kids who have heterogeneous characteristics,like changes in behavior,social disabilities,and difficulty communicating with *** tracking(ET)has become a useful method to detect *** vital aspect of moral erudition is the aptitude to have common visual *** eye-tracking approach offers valuable data regarding the visual behavior of children for accurate and early ***-tracking data can offer insightful information about the behavior and thought processes of people with ASD,but it is important to be aware of its limitations and to combine it with other types of data and assessment techniques to increase the precision of ASD *** operates by scanning the paths of eyes for extracting a series of eye projection points on images for examining the behavior of children with *** purpose of this research is to use deep learning to identify autistic disorders based on eye *** Chaotic Butterfly Optimization technique is used to identify this specific ***,this study develops an ET-based Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnosis using Chaotic Butterfly Optimization with Deep Learning(ETASD-CBODL)*** presented ETASDCBODL technique mainly focuses on the recognition of ASD via the ET and DL *** accomplish this,the ETASD-CBODL technique exploits the U-Net segmentation technique to recognize interested *** addition,the ETASD-CBODL technique employs Inception v3 feature extraction with CBO algorithm-based hyperparameter ***,the long-shorttermmemory(LSTM)model is exploited for the recognition and classification of *** assess the performance of the ETASD-CBODL technique,a series of simulations were performed on datasets from the figure-shared data *** experimental values of accuracy(99.29%),precision(98.78%),sensitivity(99.29%)and specificity(99.29%)showed a better perfo

关键词： Eye tracking ASD diagnosis deep learning butterfly optimization algorithm behavior analysis

Experimental assessment of performance and exhaust emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled with Punnai biodiesel/butanol fuel blends

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Petroleum Science 2019年第6期16卷 1471-1478页

作者： Yuvarajan Devarajan Dineshbabu Munuswamy Beemkumar nagappan Ganesan Subbiah Department of Mechanical Engineering Madanapalle Institute of Technology&ScienceMadanapalleIndia Department of Mechanical Engineering Panimalar Engineering CollegeChennaiIndia Department of Mechanical Engineering Jain UniversitySchool of Engineering and TechnologyBangaloreIndia Department of Mechanical Engineering Sathyabama Institute of Science and TechnologyChennaiIndia

This work examines the effect of butanol as an oxygenated additive to lower carbon monoxide,smoke,nitrogen oxide and hydrocarbon emissions and to improve the performance aspects of Calophyllum inophyllum(Punnai)***,oil-cooled compression ignition engines are employed in this *** Punnai biodiesel(P100)is blended with butanol at 10%and 20%by volume and labelled as B10 P90 and B20 P80,*** and alkaline catalyst(KOH)were used for the transesterification process for biodiesel *** transesterification technique yielded 88%biodiesel from raw Punnai *** tests resulted in lower CO,smoke,NO_x and HC emissions when fuelled with both butanol blends when compared to *** addition,BSFC(brake-specific fuel consumption)reduced and BTE(brake thermal effciency)increased with the inclusion of butanol blends(B10 and B20)to neat Punnai biodiesel.

关键词： Butanol Punnai biodiesel Nitrogen oxide Carbon dioxide Engine

Olfaction as a soldier——a review of the physiology and its present and future use in the military

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Military Medical Research 2017年第3期4卷 157-169页

作者： Palaniappan Ganesh nagappan Somasundram Subramaniam De-Yun Wang School of Clinical Medicine University of Cambridge Department of Otolaryngology Ng Teng Fong General Hospital Department of Otolaryngology National University of Singapore National University Health System Department of Otolaryngology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore

Olfaction is one of our 5 main qualitative sensory abilities. In this review, we have examined the physiology of olfaction from the olfactory receptor to the brain. Through analyzing the physiology of olfaction, we have found that the biochemistry of olfactory nerve stimulation is unique from that of other similar pathways. Upon receiving large amounts of input from the olfactory nerve, the olfactory bulb, followed by several layers of centrifugal and centripetal processing in the brain, has to sort the information from the input as well as integrate it with other inputs from the brain to develop a coherent understanding of the input. We then examined the implications of olfaction in the military, the practical applications of electronic noses and problems associated with injury to olfaction that could affect compensation and combat worthiness of a soldier following injury. In the military, olfaction can allow the army to perform at its best through 4 main methods, namely ensuring olfaction is consistent with other dimensions of perception(ensuring optimal olfaction ability in all soldiers in combat), understanding the impact of different common combat environments on the sense of smell, utilizing odor as a defense mechanism and using olfactory aids when necessary. Electronic noses are olfactory aids that have a large potential in the military ranging from saving lives through the detection of explosives to potential methods for improving combustion efficiency. There are several problems associated with injury to olfaction that should be considered when deciding on compensation and combat worthiness of the soldier following an injury.

关键词： Olfaction Military Electronic nose Compensation Physiology Injury Combat

Collapse of charge ordering in Bi_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)MnO_3 by cation disorder: a magnetic and structural investigation

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Journal of Rare Earths 2008年第2期26卷 237-240页

作者： S. Savitha Pillai rajasekhar Madugundo Santhosh. P. nagappan Nair Low Temperature Physics Laboratory Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai -600036 Defence Metallurgical Research Labora- tory

The structure, transport, and magnetic properties of ***0.5MnO3 （LBSMO）（x=0.1 and 0.4） were studied through X-ray diffraction, magnetization, and electron spin resonance （ESR） measurements. The structural analysis showed that the LBSMO crystallized in an orthorhombic perovskite structure with Pbnm space group for x=-0.1 and Imma space group for x=0.4 and the highly polarizable 6s^2 lone pair of Bi^3＋ was the ttming factor for the structural variations. Magnetic studies revealed that the replacement of Bi ions by La ions resulted in the collapse high temperature charge ordering state of BSMO and it order Ferro Magnetically （FM） with Tc around 355 and 330 K for x=0.1 and 0.4, respectively. Both ESR, temperature and field dependant magnetization suggested that there was a coexistence of FM and the paramagnetic phases well below Tc and the FM and CO-AFM phases below 250 K of LBSMO.

关键词： charge ordering (CO) colossal magneto resistance (CMR) rare earths