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Using Twitter Bios to Measure Changes in Self-Identity:Are Americans Defining Themselves More Politically Over Time?

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journal of Social Computing 2021年第1期2卷 1-13页

作者： Nick rogers jason j.jones Department of Sociology Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNY 11794USA

Are Americans weaving their political views more tightly into the fabric of their self-identity over time?If so,then we might expect partisan disagreements to continue becoming more emotional,tribal,and *** recent scholarship has speculated that this politicization of Americans’identity is occurring,but there has been little compelling attempt to quantify the phenomenon,largely because the concept of identity is notoriously difficult to *** introduce here a methodology,Longitudinal Online Profile Sampling(LOPS),which affords quantifiable insights into the way individuals amend their identity over *** this method,we analyze millions of“bios”on the microblogging site Twitter over a 4-year span,and conclude that the average American user is increasingly integrating politics into their social *** on the site are adding political words to their bios at a higher rate than any other category of words we measured,and are now more likely to describe themselves by their political affiliation than their religious *** data suggest that this is due to both cohort and individual-level effects.

关键词： identity social identity theory social media ideology political polarization Twitter

Overcoming maladaptive plasticity through plastic compensation

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Current Zoology 2013年第4期59卷 526-536页

作者： Matthew R.j. MORRIS Sean M. rogers Department of Biological Sciences University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada T2N 1N4

Most species evolve within fluctuating environments, and have developed adaptations to meet the challenges posed by environmental heterogeneity. One such adaptation is phenotypic plasticity, or the ability of a single genotype to produce multiple environmentally-induced phenotypes. Yet, not all plasticity is adaptive. Despite the renewed interest in adaptive phenotypic plas- ticity and its consequences for evolution, much less is known about maladaptive plasticity. However, maladaptive plasticity is likely an important driver of phenotypic similarity among populations living in different environments. This paper traces four strategies for overcoming maladaptive plasticity that result in phenotypic similarity, two of which involve genetic changes （standing genetic variation, genetic compensation） and two of which do not （standing epigenetic variation, plastic compensation）. Plastic compensation is defined as adaptive plasticity overcoming maladaptive plasticity. In particular, plastic compensation may increase the likelihood of genetic compensation by facilitating population persistence. We provide key terms to disentangle these aspects of phenotypic plasticity and introduce examples to reinforce the potential importance of plastic compensation for under- standing evolutionary change

关键词： Homeostasis Canalization Ecological speciation Standing genetic variation Genetic compensation Countergradi-ent variation

Integrated nanoelectronic-photonic devices and bioresorbable materials

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Nano Research 2021年第9期14卷 2885-2887页

作者： john A.rogers Departments of Materials Science and Engineering Biomedical Engineering and Neurological SurgerySimpson Querrey Institute for BioelectronicsNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonIL 60208USA

I am honored receive,with ***,this years Nano Research *** my case,the recognition is largely an acknowledgement of the scientific advances achieved by a diverse set of graduate students,undergraduates and postdoctoral fellows as they passed through my group over the years-talented,dedicated,creative,collaborative people,of the very highest *** of these former group members,each now leading large and highly successful academic research programs of their own,contributed outstanding articles to this special issue-21 in total!I would like to extend my special thanks to them-I feel a strong sense of pride and joy in their many impressive accomplishments as pioneering,independent *** topics of these articles span a wide range,as a powerful set of projects at the forefront of nanoscience and nanotechnology,briefly summarized by topic area in the following.

关键词： electronic accomplishment summarized

Organic conjugated polymers and polymer dots as photocatalysts for hydrogen production

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Frontiers in Energy 2021年第3期15卷 667-677页

作者： Saket MATHUR Benjamin rogers Wei WEI Mechanical Engineering Department Wichita State UniversityWichita KS 67260USA

Owing to the outstanding characteristics of tailorable electronic and optical properties,semiconducting polymers have attracted considerable attention in recent *** them,organic polymer dots process large breadth of potential synthetic diversity are the representative of photocatalysts for hydrogen production,which presents both an opportunity and a *** this mini-review,first,the organic polymer photocatalysts were ***,recent reports on polymer dots which showed a superior photocatalytic activity and a robust stability under visible-light irradiation,for hydrogen production were ***,challenges and outlook on using organic polymer dots-based photocatalysts from hydrogen production were discussed.

关键词： polymer dots(Pdots) photocatalysis hydrogen production

Calling underwater is a costly signal： size-related differences in the call rates of Antarctic leopard seals

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Current Zoology 2017年第4期63卷 433-443页

作者： Tracey L. rogers Evolution & Ecology Research Centre School of BEES University of New South Wales Sydney Sydney NSW2052 Australia

It is proposed that where sexually selected vocal communication is an honest signal, the call production rate is predicted to change throughout the breeding season. Male leopard seals call underwater for many hours each day over their three- to four-month breeding season, and it is hypothesized that a decrease in calling rate would be associated with the declining body condition of smaller males. The calling rates of leopard seals were measured （N= 49 recordings） and com- pared between seals of different size classes throughout the breeding season. Male leopard seals produce their calls at more stable rates as they become larger. In this study, larger male leopard seals adopted a strategy of consistent underwater calling throughout the breeding season, whereas there was a breakdown in the calling stereotypy of the smaller males at its height. Toward the end of the breeding season, the smaller seals produced fewer calls in shortened calling bouts, and they took more rest periods. Therefore, underwater calling may represent an honest signal in the leopard seal. For marine mammals that call underwater, the production of repetitive sequences advertises the breath-holding ability of the caller to the listeners, and this ability may be related to male stamina and endurance, thus representing an honest signal that could be widespread in other species.

关键词： acoustic cues costly signaling display behavior honest advertisement marine mammals vocalizations.

SIMULATION OF COMPLEX THERMOMECHANICAL FATIGUE

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2004年第4期17卷 400-406页

作者： R.Bardenheier G.rogers Instron Ltd. Servohydraulic Business Team High Wycombe HP12 3SY United KingdomInstron Ltd. Servohydraulic Business Team High Wycombe HP12 3SY United Kingdom

Two different types of experimental techniques to perform non-isothermal, uniax-ial and biaxial fatigue tests were described. A new miniaturised electrothermal-mechanical test rig was presented and discussed. It enables testing of small specimens under complex thermomechanical loading conditions. In order to cope with the simulation of well defined biaxial proportional and non-proportional loadings with in-phase and out-of-phase superposition of thermal loads a cruciform biaxial fatigue testing machine has been developed. Special design features of both machines, and the specimens tested, as well as typical test results were discussed.

关键词： thermomechanical fatigue biaxial loading non-proportional loading cruciform fatigue testing machine miniaturised test rig

Design and evaluation of control systems for a real canal

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2012年第1期55卷 142-154页

作者： SHANG YiZi rogers Peter WANG GuangQian State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China School of Engineering andApplied Science Harvard University Boston 02138 U.S.A.

The distant downstream proportional integral(PI) feedback control was applied to the W-M lateral canal of the Maricopa Stanfield Irrigation and Drainage District located in central Arizona,*** configuration of those controls for the ca-nal can be *** this end,an integrated approach to the design of an automatic control system for the canal was *** approach presented herein is not only a systematical review of previous work,but also represents a further ad-vance of the previous simulation study by Tsinghua University(Shang et al,2011) on relating the canal control algorithm to local PI controls for the real *** evaluate the control system potential,performance of the control algorithm that was ob-tained through implanting predicative module into linear quadratic regulator(LQR) was analyzed with singular value *** "manufactured" tests were conducted to compare with the control system that is currently in *** results indi-cated that the developed control system rather than the system in current use had considerable potential to closely match dis-charge at the downstream check structures with those ordered by water users while maintaining the water level throughout the length of the canal.

关键词： canal control system singular value bode proportional integral (PI) control linear quadratic regulator (LQR)

BIM for the Underground-An enabler of trenchless construction

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Underground Space 2020年第4期5卷 354-361页

作者： David Chapman Stylianos Providakis Christopher rogers Department of Civil Engineering University of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUK

The subsurface space in urban areas is an important ***,the information available on this environment is relatively poor compared to above ground *** paper proposes a Building Information Model(BIM)for underground applications as means to address this information *** creation and progressive update of BIM for a constructed artefact ensures that data on the structures is available and can be used throughout its lifetime.A BIM for underground applications integrates data on surface structures,such as buildings,and subsurface infrastructures,such as pipes,along with details of the surrounding ground,the associated soil and rock properties and groundwater regime into a single *** approach is demonstrated by applying it to trenchless construction operations,including a microtunnelling project for a new *** data from this extended BIM concept can be interactively used with analysis packages to conduct risk assessments for new construction *** also shows how BIM for the Underground can be used throughout the planning,construction and post-construction stages of a project,and,importantly,how this information can be available for future projects.

关键词： Trenchless BIM Underground Pipe jacking Microtunnelling Horizontal directional drilling

Influence of data analysis when exploiting DFN model representation in the application of rock mass classification systems

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journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2018年第6期10卷 1046-1062页

作者： Takako Miyoshi Davide Elmo Steve rogers NBK Institute of Mining University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada Golder Associates Ltd. VancouverCanada

Discrete fracture network(DFN) models have been proved to be effective tools for the characterisation of rock masses by using statistical distributions to generate realistic three-dimensional(3 D) representations of a natural fracture network. The quality of DFN modelling relies on the quality of the field data and their interpretation. In this context, advancements in remote data acquisition have now made it possible to acquire high-quality data potentially not accessible by conventional scanline and window mapping. This paper presents a comparison between aggregate and disaggregate approaches to define fracture sets, and their role with respect to the definition of key input parameters required to generate DFN models. The focal point of the discussion is the characterisation of in situ block size distribution(IBSD) using DFN methods. An application of IBSD is the assessment of rock mass quality through rock mass classification systems such as geological strength index(GSI). As DFN models are becoming an almost integral part of many geotechnical and mining engineering problems, the authors present a method whereby realistic representation of 3 D fracture networks and block size analysis are used to estimate GSI ratings, with emphasis on the limitations that exist in rock engineering design when assigning a unique GSI value to spatially variable rock masses.

关键词： Data collection Discrete fracture network(DFN) Classification system Geological strength index(GSI)