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Indian Flat Breads: A Review

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2014年第6期5卷 549-561页

作者： Shabir ahmad Mir Haroon Rashid Naik manzoor ahmad shah Mohammad Maqbool Mir Muzammil Habib Wani Mudassir ahmad Bhat Department of Food Science and Technology Pondicherry University Puducherry India Department of Food Technology Islamic University of Science and Technology Awantipora Jammu and Kashmir India Division of Fruit Science Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agriculture Sciences & Technology Kashmir Srinagar Jammu and Kashmir India Division of Post Harvest Technology Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agriculture Sciences & Technology Kashmir Srinagar Jammu and Kashmir India

Flat breads are very popular especially in those parts of the world where bread constitutes a major source of dietary protein and calories. There are several forms of flat bread, and the variation is mainly in terms of ingredient, technology, and quality. Several modifications in the formulations have been made in the recent past in order to improve the quality and delicacy of these food products. With urbanization and industrialization, the demand for ready to eat and easy to carry products resembling flat bread in appearance, but having desirable qualities of bread offers one exciting possibility to this effect. In India, wheat is one of the daily staples, consumed in the form of different flat breads such as Chapati, Parotha, Phulka, Puri and Tandoori Roti. Different wheat varieties have been used for the production of flat breads. In recent years, many researchers have tried to improve ingredient level, baking properties, organoleptic characteristics, nutritional value and extension of the shelf life of flat bread. They are usually produced from a simple recipe consisting of flour, salt and water in varying proportions, however, sometimes the manufactures also use optional ingredients like yeast fat, skim milk powder and certain additives like emulsifiers, hydrocolloids, enzymes and preservatives for quality improvement and shelf life enhancement.

关键词： Flat Bread Chapati Parotha Tandoori Roti

Alternative Strategy for Development of Dielectric Calcium Copper Titanate‑Based Electrolytes for Low‑Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第1期17卷 310-332页

作者： Sajid Rauf Muhammad Bilal Hanif Zuhra Tayyab Matej Veis MAKYousaf shah Naveed Mushtaq Dmitry Medvedev Yibin Tian Chen Xia Martin Motola Bin Zhu College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060People’s Republic of China Department of Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Natural SciencesComenius University BratislavaIlkovicova684215 BratislavaSlovakia Energy Storage Joint Research Center School of Energy and EnvironmentSoutheast UniversityNanjing 210096People’s Republic of China Hydrogen Energy Laboratory Ural Federal University620002 EkaterinburgRussia Laboratory of Electrochemical Devices Based on Solid Oxide Proton Electrolytes Institute of High Temperature Electrochemistry620066 EkaterinburgRussia School of Microelectronics Hubei UniversityWuhan 430062People’s Republic of China

The development of low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells(LT-SOFCs)is of significant importance for realizing the widespread application of *** has stimulated a substantial materials research effort in developing high oxide-ion conductivity in the electrolyte layer of *** this context,for the first time,a dielectric material,CaCu_(3)Ti_(4)O_(12)(CCTO)is designed for LT-SOFCs electrolyte application in this *** individual CCTO and its heterostructure materials with a p-type Ni_(0.8)Co_(0.15)Al_(0.05)LiO_(2−δ)(NCAL)semiconductor are evaluated as alternative electrolytes in LT-SOFC at 450–550℃.The single cell with the individual CCTO electrolyte exhibits a power output of approximately 263 mW cm^(-2) and an open-circuit voltage(OCV)of 0.95 V at 550℃,while the cell with the CCTO–NCAL heterostructure electrolyte capably delivers an improved power output of approximately 605 mW cm^(-2) along with a higher OCV over 1.0 V,which indicates the introduction of high hole-conducting NCAL into the CCTO could enhance the cell performance rather than inducing any potential short-circuiting *** is found that these promising outcomes are due to the interplay of the dielectric material,its structure,and overall properties that led to improve electrochemical mechanism in CCTO–***,density functional theory calculations provide the detailed information about the electronic and structural properties of the CCTO and NCAL and their heterostructure CCTO–*** study thus provides a new approach for developing new advanced electrolytes for LT-SOFCs.

关键词： LT-SOFCs Dielectric CaCu_(3)Ti_(4)O_(12) Semiconductor Ni_(0.8)Co_(0.15)Al_(0.05)LiO_(2−δ) Ionic conductivity Heterostructure electrolyte

FIAs(Foliation Intersection/Inflection Axes) Preserved in Porphyroblasts,the DNA of Deformation:A Solution to the Puzzle of Deformation and Metamorphism in the Colorado,Rocky Mountains,USA

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2009年第5期83卷 971-984页

作者： shah Afroz ahmad School of Earth and Environmental Sciences James Cook UniversityTownsville Queensland Australia

FIAs have been used extensively for more than a decade to unravel deformation and metamorphic puzzles. Orogenic processes developing early during the history or orogenesis challenge scientists because compositional layering in rocks always reactivates where multiple deformations have occurred, leaving little evidence of the history of foliation development preserved in the matrix. The foothills of the Rocky Mountains in Colorado, USA contain a succession of four FIA sets （trends） that would not have been distinguishable if porphyroblasts had not grown during the multiple deformation events that affected these rocks or if they had rotated as these events took place. They reveal that both the partitioning of deformation and the location of isograds changed significantly as the deformation proceeded.

关键词： foliation intersection/inflection axes porphyroblast deformational partitioning

Investigation of biomass surface modification using non-thermal plasma treatment

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Plasma Science and Technology 2018年第11期20卷 101-107页

作者： Mooktzeng LIM ahmad Zulazlan shah ZULKIFLI TNB Research Sdn.Bhd. Research Institution Area43000 KajangSelangorMalaysi

The effects of non-thermal plasma （NTP） treatment on biomass in the form of pulverized palmbased empty fruit bunches （EFB） are investigated. Specifically, this study investigates the effects of NTP treatment on the surface reactivity, morphology, oxygen-to-carbon （O/C） ratio of the EFB at varying treatment times. The surface reactivity is determined by the reaction of antioxidant functional groups or reactive species with 2,2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl （DPPH）. By measuring the concentration of the DPPH with a spectrophotometer, the change in the amount of antioxidant functional groups can be measured to determine the surface reactivity. The reactions of the various lignin components in the EFB with respect to the NTP treatment are discussed by qualitatively assessing the changes in the Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectra. The surface morphology is examined by a scanning electron microscope. To determine the amount of oxygen deposited on the EFB by the air-based NTP treatment, the oxygen and carbon contents are measured by an energy dispersive x-ray detector to determine the O/C ratio. The results show that the NTP reactor produced reactive species such as atomic oxygen and ozone, increasing the surface reactivity and chemical scavenging rate of the EFB. Consequently, the surface morphology changed, with an observed rougher surface from the images of the EFB samples. The change in the appearance of the surface is accompanied by a high O/C ratio, and is caused by reactions of certain components of lignin due to the NTP treatment, The lignin component that was modified is believed to be syringyl, as the syringyl portion in the lignin of EFBs is higher compared to the other components. Syringyl components are detected in the range of F-FIR wavenumbers of 1109-1363 cm-1. With increasing NTP treatment times, the absorbance （of the peaks in the PTIR spectra） for syringyl related C-H and lignin associated C=C bonds decreases as the syringyl decomposes. The resulting re

关键词： biomass surface modification empty fruit bunch low temperature plasma lignin components syringyl

Predicting plant invasiveness from native range size: clues from the Kashmir Himalaya

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2012年第2期5卷 167-173页

作者： manzoor A.shah Zafar A.Reshi Claude Lavoie Department of Botany University of KashmirSrinagar-190006Jammu and KashmirIndia Ecole superieure d’amenagement du territoire et de developpement regional Universite LavalQuebec CityQuebec G1V 0A6Canada

Aims In view of the growing interest in modelling the potential spread of invasive species,prediction of plant invasiveness on the basis of native range size holds considerable *** objective was to use a simple model to evaluate whether a wider native range predisposes plant species to become invasive in non-native regions and to easily identify potential invaders on this *** Kashmir Himalayan alien flora,of which a large proportion is native to Europe,was used to test this *** The Kashmir Himalayan alien flora comprises 436 species of vascular plants at different stages of *** focussed on plant species at two critical invasion stages(sensu Colautti and MacIsaac 2004),*** II(species that are just at the earliest phase of introduction)and Stage V(species that are widespread and dominant in the invaded region and are thus considered invasive).We used the territorial distribution in Europe(number of countries)as a surrogate for the native range size of plants of European *** Findings Using a subset of 88 species,for which information on the native European range was available,we showed that a large proportion(68%)of Stage II species growing in the Kashmir Valley had a relatively restricted European range(present in20 countries).We consequently hypothesized that 14 Kashmir Himalayan Stage II species of European origin that are distributed in>20 European countries are at risk of becoming future invaders in *** the other hand,those Kashmir Himalayan Stage II species of European origin distributed in<20 European countries are less likely to become *** this analysis is quite simple,the data suggest that a wider native range is a good predictor of plant invasiveness and could be used as a simple and low-cost early warning tool in predicting potential invasive species.

关键词： Colautti and MacIsaac model early warning system Kashmir Himalaya native range plant invasion prediction and management

Distinguishing and Correlating Multiple Phases of Metamorphism across Multiply Deformed Regions Using the Axes of Inclusion Trails in Porphyroblasts

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2011年第4期85卷 784-791页

作者： ahmad Afroz shah Asghar ALI School of Earth and Environmental Sciences James Cook UniversityTownsvilleQld 4811Australia

Successions of FIAs（foliation inflection/intersection axes preserved within porphyroblasts） provide a relative time scale for deformation and ***-situ dating of monazite grains preserved as inclusions within garnet and staurolite porphyroblasts within the foliations defining each FIA from such successions provides a rigorous approach to grouping ages that formed over extended periods of deformation and *** age and FIA progressions confirms the suitability of this approach plus provides access to lengthy histories that cannot otherwise be *** in the Big Thompson region of the Colorado Rocky Mountains,USA began about a SW-NE trending axis defined by FIA set 1 at around 1761±13 *** periods of tectonism occurred around 1712±25 and 1672±21 Ma about W-E and NW-SE trending FIAs 2 and 3, *** in the Balcooma Metamorphic Group NW of Greenvale in NE Queensland, Australia began around 470 Ma with the growth of garnet porphyroblasts about a W-E trending axis defined by FIA set *** monazite grains were preserved as inclusions in this mineral phase but they were in subsequently grown *** then occurred around 443.2±3.8,424±4 and 408.9±8.9 Ma about NNW-SSE,SSW-NNE and W-E trending FIAs 2,3 and 4,*** test of a FIA based approach to monazite dating in tectonic regimes in different parts of the world and with dramatically different ages suggests it can be used in all orogens containing porphyroblasts preserving inclusion trails.

关键词： FIAs porphyroblast monazite Colorado Balcooma Metamorphic Group

Evaluation of biomarkers, genetic mutations, and epigenetic modifications in early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第36期27卷 6093-6109页

作者： Bilal Rah manzoor ahmad Banday Gh Rasool Bhat Omar J shah Humira Jeelani Fizalah Kawoosa Tahira Yousuf Dil Afroze Advanced Centre for Human Genetics Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical SciencesSrinagar 190011Jammu and KashmirIndia Department of Medical Oncology Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical SciencesSrinagar 190011Jammu and KashmirIndia Department of Surgical Gastroenterology Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical SciencesSrinagar 190011Jammu and KashmirIndia Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical ScienceSrinagar 190011Jammu and KashmirIndia

BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer(PC)is one of the deadliest malignancies with an alarming mortality *** significant advancement in diagnostics and therapeutics,early diagnosis remains elusive causing poor prognosis,marred by mutations and epigenetic modifications in key genes which contribute to disease *** To evaluate the various biological tumor markers collectively for early diagnosis which could act as prognostic biomarkers and helps in future therapeutics of PC in Kashmir *** A total of 50 confirmed PC cases were included in the study to evaluate the levels of carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA 19-9),tissue polypeptide specific antigen(TPS),carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),vascular endothelial growth factor-A(VEGF-A),and epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR).Mutational analysis was performed to evaluate the mutations in Kirsten rat sarcoma(KRAS),Breast cancer type 2(BRCA-2),and deleted in pancreatic cancer-4(DPC-4)***,epigenetic modifications(methylation of CpG islands)were performed in the promoter regions of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A(p16;CDKN2A),MutL homolog 1(hMLH1),and Ras association domain-containing protein 1(RASSF1A)*** We found significantly elevated levels of biological markers CA 19-9(P≤0.05),TPS(P≤0.05),CEA(P≤0.001),and VEGF(P≤0.001).Molecular genetic analysis revealed that KRAS gene mutation is predominant in codon 12(16 subjects,P≤0.05),and 13(12 subjects,P≤0.05).However,we did not find a mutation in DPC-4(1203G>T)and BRCA-2(617delT)***,epigenetic modification revealed that CpG methylation in 21(P≤0.05)and 4 subjects in the promoter regions of the p16 and hMLH1 gene,*** In conclusion,CA 19-9,TPS,CEA,and VEGF levels were significantly elevated and collectively have potential as diagnostic and prognostic markers in *** data of mutation in the KRAS gene commonly in codon 12 and rare in codon 13 could augment the predisposition towards ***,methylatio

关键词： Pancreatic cancer Genetic mutations Epigenetic modifications Biomarkers Risk factors Diagnostics

Engineering a non-model yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa for terpenoids synthesis

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Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology 2024年第3期9卷 569-576页

作者： Qiongqiong Chen Liting Lyu Haizhao Xue Aabid manzoor shah Zongbao Kent Zhao Laboratory of Biotechnology Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsCAS457 Zhongshan RoadDalian116023China MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing School of BioengineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19 Yuquan RoadBeijing100049China

Terpenoids have tremendous biological activities and are widely employed in food,healthcare and pharmaceutical *** synthetic biology to product terpenoids from microbial cell factories presents a promising alternative route compared to conventional methods such as chemical synthesis or *** red yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa has been widely studied due to its natural production capacity of carotenoid and lipids,indicating a strong endogenous isoprene pathway with readily available metabolic *** study constructed several engineered strains of *** with the aim of producing different ***α-terpineol was produced by expressing theα-terpineol synthase from Vitis *** titer ofα-terpineol was further enhanced to 0.39 mg/L by overexpressing the endogenous rate-limiting gene of the MVA *** ofα-farnesene synthase from Malus domestica,in combination with MVA pathway rate-limiting gene resulted in significant increase inα-farnesene production,reaching a titer of 822 mg/*** carotenoid degradation productβ-ionone was produced at a titer of 0.87 mg/L by expressing theβ-ionone synthase from Petunia *** study demonstrates the potential of *** as a platform host for the direct biosynthesis of various terpenoids and provides insights for further development of such platforms.

关键词： Rhodotorula mucilaginosa Synthetic biology α-Terpineol β-Ionone α-Farnesene

Spherical Gravitational Collapse in f(R) Gravity with Linear Equation of State

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2018年第8期69卷 185-189页

作者： Zahid ahmad Hassan shah Suhail Khan Department of Mathematics COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Department of Mathematics University of Peshawar

In a paper [Gen. Relativ. Gravit. 48(2016) 57] Chakrabarti and Banerjee investigated perfect fluid collapse in f(R) gravity model and claimed that such a collapse is possible. In this paper we show that without the assumption of dark energy it is not possible that perfect fluid spherical gravitational collapse will occur. We have solved the field equations by assuming linear equation of state(p = ωμ) in metric f(R) gravity with ω =-1. It is shown that Chakrabarti and Banerjee reached to false conclusion as they derived wrong field equations. We have also discussed formation of apparent horizon and singularity.

关键词： gravitational collapse matching conditions dark energy apparent horizon