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THE LEGAL THOUGHT OF EmPEROR TAIZONG OF THE TANG DYNASTY （618--907）

Frontiers of Law in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2017年第4期12卷 584-625页

作者： norman P. HO School of Law New York University New York USA and A.M. in Regional Studies-East Asia (Chinese History) Harvard University Cambridge USA

Little scholarly work has been done on understanding Taizong＇s （one of China＇s most influential emperors） legal thought. Existing historiography has been descriptive and has not fully contextualized Taizong＇s legal thought in his broader political thought. Furthermore, it has been influenced by the traditional bias in Tang historiography as a whole, which has been adulatory toward Taizong＇s reign. Drawing from a variety of sources, including dynastic histories and Taizong＇s writings, this article seeks to complicate the existing historiography. It lays out key characteristics of Taizong＇s legal thought, situating them in the historical context in which Taizong operated, as well as contextualizing them within his broader political thought, to present a more balanced analysis. It will argue that Taizong was an emperor who was concerned with legality, competent legal administration, and leniency in punishments. His actions and rhetoric also suggest that he believed that law should be applied to the emperor＇s conduct as well. At the same time, this article also argues that Taizong should not be viewed primarily as an innovative legal thinker or as someone with an ideological or idealistic commitment to legal reform for its own sake. Rather, he was a man whose views on law were greatly motivated by practical, political concerns, such as concerns regarding the stability and legitimacy of his rule. more broadly, this article contributes to the historiography of traditional Chinese legal history by complicating the so-called dominant narrative of the process of ＂Confucianization of law＂ in premodern Chinese history by highlighting the role that specific historical actors （such as Taizong） played in that process.

关键词： legal theory Chinese legal theory Chinese legal history jurisprudence Tangdynasty

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Combined nasal CPAP(nCPAP)and inhaled nitric oxide(iNO)for moderate RDS of the newborn: effects from 30-min exposure

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2003年第12期 171-172页

作者： R LINDWALL,E BERGGREN,m BLENNOW,m FLANBY,C FROSTELL,B JONSSON,P-A LONNQVIST,m norman,m SVENSSON Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Karolinska Institutet Danderyd Hospital Stockholm Sweden Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Karolinska Institutet Danderyd Hospital Stockholm Sweden Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Karolinska Institutet Danderyd Hospital Stockholm Sweden Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Karolinska Institutet Danderyd Hospital Stockholm Sweden Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Karolinska Institutet Danderyd Hospital Stockholm Sweden Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Karolinska Institutet Danderyd Hospital Stockholm Sweden Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Karolinska Institutet Danderyd Hospital Stockholm Sweden Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Karolinska Institutet Danderyd Hospital Stockholm Sweden Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Karolinska Institutet Danderyd Hospital Stockholm Sweden

Treatment with iNO has so far mainly been described and approved for delivery during endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. We have recently validated a modified nasal CPAP(nCPAP) svstem for the concomita... 详细信息

关键词： Combined nasal CPAP effects from 30-min exposure iNO)for moderate RDS of the newborn nCPAP)and inhaled nitric oxide from for of RDS

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Pathogenicity of Vibrios in Fish: an Overview

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Journal of Ocean University of Qingdao 2003年第2期2卷 117-128页

作者： norman Y.S.Woo Department of Biology The Chinese University of Hong KongShatinN.T.Hong Kong SARP.R.China

Bacteria of the genus Vibrio are ubiquitously distributed in the marine environment. Due to the rapid expansion of intensive mariculture and the consequent deterioration of culture conditions, more and more Vibrio spp. have been recognized as pathogenic agents in outbreaks of vibriosis, a serious epizootic disease affecting most wild and farmed fish species worldwide, which has become the most important limiting factor for the development of intensive mariculture industry. Attempts have been made to understand the pathogenicity of vibrios in host fish with the ultimate aim of elucidating the best means for disease control. After an extensive literature survey of the recent advances in the field of fish vibriosis, the pathological changes, virulence factors and associated potential pathogenic mechanisms, transmission routes and related environmental factors involved in outbreak of vibriosis, as well as the controlling strategies are reviewed in the present paper.

关键词： Vibrio spp. vibriosis pathogenicity fish

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A Framework for Assessing Import Costs of medical Supplies and Results for a Tuberculosis Program in Karakalpakstan,Uzbekistan

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Health Data Science 2021年第1期2021卷 120-132页

作者： Stefan Kohler norman Sitali Nicolas Paul Heidelberg Institute of Global Health Faculty of Medicine and University HospitalHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany médecins Sans Frontières BerlinGermany Institute of Social medicine Epidemiology and Health EconomicsCharité–Universitätsmedizin Berlincorporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany

*** of medical supplies is common,but limited knowledge about import costs and their structure introduces uncertainty to budget planning,cost management,and cost-effectiveness analysis of health *** aimed to estimate the import costs of a tuberculosis(TB)program in Uzbekistan,including the import costs of specific imported *** developed a framework that applies costing and cost accounting to import ***,transport costs,customs-related costs,cargo weight,unit weights,and quantities ordered were gathered for a major shipment of medical supplies from the médecins Sans Frontières(mSF)Procurement Unit in Amsterdam,the Netherlands,to a TB program in Karakalpakstan,Uzbekistan,in ***,air freight,land freight,and customs clearance cost totals were ***,total import costs were allocated to different cargos(standard,cool,and frozen),items(e.g.,TB drugs),and units(e.g.,one tablet)based on imported weight and *** sources were order invoices,waybills,the local mSF logistics department,and an mSF standard product *** shipment contained 1.8 million units of 85 medical items of standard,cool,and frozen *** average import cost for the TB program was 9.0%of the shipment *** cost varied substantially between cargos(8.9–28%of the cargo value)and items(interquartile range 4.5–35%of the item value).The largest portion of the total import cost was caused by transport(82–99%of the cargo import cost)and allocated based on imported ***(14%)of the 69 items imported as standard cargo were associated with 85%of the standard cargo import *** cargo items could be grouped based on contributing to import costs predominantly through unit weight(e.g.,fluids),imported quantity(e.g.,tablets),or the combination of unit weight and imported quantity(e.g.,items in powder form).*** cost of importing medical supplies to a TB program in Karakalpakstan,Uzbekistan,was sizable,variable,an

关键词： imported items cargo

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Operational continental-scale land cover mapping of Australia using the Open Data Cube

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2022年第1期15卷 1715-1737页

作者： Christopher J.Owers Richard m.Lucas Daniel Clewley Belle Tissott Sean m.T.Chua Gabrielle Hunt norman mueller Carole Planque Suvarna m.Punalekar Pete Bunting Peter Tan Graciela metternicht School of Environmental and Life Sciences University of NewcastleCallaghanAustralia Department of Geography and Earth Sciences Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwythUK Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Land and WaterCanberraAustralia Centre for Geospatial Applications Plymouth Marine LaboratoryPlymouthUK Geoscience Australia SymonstonAustralia Earth and Sustainability Science Research Centre University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia School of Science Western Sydney UniversityRichmondAustralia

To comprehensively support national and international initiatives for sustainable development,land cover products need to be reliably and routinely generated within operational *** with consistent semantics and taxonomies,ensuring confidence in mapping land cover for multiple time periods,facilitates informed decision-making at scales appropriate to multiple policy *** United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation(FAO)Land Cover Classification System(LCCS)provides a taxonomy that comparable at different scales,level of detail and geographic *** Open Data Cube(ODC)initiative offers a framework for operational continental-scale land cover mapping using analysis-ready Earth Observation *** study utilised the FAO LCCS framework and the Landsat sensor data through Digital Earth Australia(DEA;Australia’s ODC instance)to generate consistent and continent-wide land cover mapping(DEA Land Cover)of the Australian *** Land Cover provides annual maps from 1988 to 2020 at 25 m *** maps were validated with∼12,000 independent validation points,giving an overall map accuracy of 80%.DEA Land Cover provides Australia with a nationally consistent picture of land cover,with an open-source software package using readily available global coverage data and demonstrates a pathway of adoption for national implementations across the world.

关键词： DEA land cover digital earth Australia FAO LCCS landsat sustainable development goals

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Living Earth:Implementing national standardised land cover classification systems for Earth Observation in support of sustainable development

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Big Earth Data 2021年第3期5卷 368-390页

作者： Christopher J.Owers Richard m.Lucas Daniel Clewley Carole Planque Suvarna Punalekar Belle Tissott Sean m.T.Chua Pete Bunting norman mueller Graciela metternicht Department of Geography and Earth Sciences Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwythCeredigionWalesUK Centre for Geospatial Applications Plymouth Marine LaboratoryPlymouthDevonEnglandUK Geoscience Australia SymonstonACTAustralia Earth and Sustainability Science Research Centre School of BiologicalEarth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of New South WalesSydneyAustralia

Earth Observation(EO)has been recognised as a key data source for supporting the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).Advances in data availability and analytical capabilities have provided a wide range of users access to global coverage analysis-ready data(ARD).However,ARD does not provide the information required by national agencies tasked with coordinating the implementation of ***,standardised,scalable mapping of land cover and its change over time and space facilitates informed deci-sion making,providing cohesive methods for target setting and reporting of *** aim of this study was to implement a global framework for classifying land *** Food and Agriculture Organisation’s Land Cover Classification System(FAO LCCS)provides a global land cover taxonomy suitable to comprehensively support SDG target setting and *** present a fully implemented FAO LCCS optimised for EO data;Living Earth,an open-source software package that can be readily applied using existing national EO infrastructure and satellite *** resolve several semantic challenges of LCCS for consistent EO implementation,including modifications to environmental descriptors,inter-dependency within the mod-ular-hierarchical framework,and increased flexibility associated with limited data *** ensure easy adoption of Living Earth for SDG reporting,we identified key environmental descriptors to provide resource allocation recommendations for generating routinely retrieved input *** Earth provides an optimal platform for global adoption of EO4SDGs ensuring a transparent methodology that allows monitoring to be standardised for all countries.

关键词： Land cover FAO LCCS open data cube sustainable development goals environmental descriptors

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No-tillage effects on grain yield and nitrogen requirements in hybrid rice transplanted with single seedlings: Results of a long-term experiment

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第1期18卷 24-32页

作者： HUANG min CHEN Jia-na CAO Fang-bo ZOU Ying-bin norman Uphoff Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops (CICGO) Hunan Agricultural University International Programs-College of Agriculture and Life Sciences (IP-CALS) Cornell University

This study was conducted to determine whether,and if so how,the grain yield and nitrogen(N) requirements of hybrid rice transplanted as single seedlings are affected by no-tillage(NT) practices.A fixed field experiment was done at the Experimental Farm of Hunan Agricultural University in Changsha,Hunan Province,China,from 2004 to *** yield and yield attributes(panicle number per m2,spikelet number per panicle,spikelet filling percentage,grain weight,total biomass,and harvest index) were evaluated as well as the N-use characteristics(total N uptake,internal N-use efficiency,and N requirements) of hybrid rice transplanted as single seedlings comparing NT with conventional tillage(CT).A significant finding was that there were no significant differences in grain yield,yield attributes,and N-use characteristics between CT and *** across the 11 years,grain yield and N requirements were 9.51 t ha^(-1) and 20.2 kg t^(-1) under CT and 9.33 t ha^(-1) and 20.0 kg t^(-1) under NT,*** were significant yearly variations in grain yield,yield attributes,and N-use characteristics observed under both CT and *** yearly variation in grain yield was related to simultaneous changes in spikelet number per panicle,grain weight,total biomass,and harvest ***,it was found that grain yield was positively correlated with internal N-use efficiency but negatively correlated with N *** is concluded that grain yield and N requirements in hybrid rice when transplanted as single seedlings are not affected adversely by *** results of this study suggest that(1) compatible relationships among yield attributes can be established in hybrid rice that is transplanted as single seedlings,and(2) higher grain yield and higher N-use efficiency can be concurrently achieved in hybrid rice transplanted as single seedlings.

关键词： grain yield hybrid rice nitrogen requirements no-tillage transplanting of single seedlings

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metabolomic studies in the inborn error of metabolism alkaptonuria reveal new biotransformations in tyrosine metabolism

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Genes & Diseases 2022年第4期9卷 1129-1142页

作者： Brendan P.norman Andrew S.Davison Juliette H.Hughes Hazel Sutherland Peter J.m.Wilson Neil G.Berry Andrew T.Hughes Anna m.milan Jonathan C.Jarvis norman B.Roberts Lakshminarayan R.Ranganath George Bou-Gharios James A.Gallagher Institute of Life Course and medical Sciences University of LiverpoolWilliam Henry Duncan Building6 West Derby StreetLiverpoolL78TXUK Department of Clinical Biochemistry&metabolic medicine Liverpool Clinical LaboratoriesRoyal Liverpool University HospitalPrescot StreetLiverpoolL78XPUK School of Sport&Exercise Sciences Liverpool John Moores UniversityTom Reilly BuildingByrom StreetLiverpoolL33AFUK Department of Chemistry University of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL697ZDUK

Alkaptonuria (AKU) is an inherited disorder of tyrosine metabolism caused by lack of active enzyme homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase (HGD). The primary consequence of HGD deficiency is increased circulating homogentisic acid (HGA), the main agent in the pathology of AKU disease. Here we report the first metabolomic analysis of AKU homozygous Hgd knockout (Hgd−/−) mice to model the wider metabolic effects of Hgd deletion and the implication for AKU in humans. Untargeted metabolic profiling was performed on urine from Hgd−/− AKU (n = 15) and Hgd+/− non-AKU control (n = 14) mice by liquid chromatography high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Experiment 1). The metabolites showing alteration in Hgd−/− were further investigated in AKU mice (n = 18) and patients from the UK National AKU Centre (n = 25) at baseline and after treatment with the HGA-lowering agent nitisinone (Experiment 2). A metabolic flux experiment was carried out after administration of 13C-labelled HGA to Hgd−/−(n = 4) and Hgd+/−(n = 4) mice (Experiment 3) to confirm direct association with HGA. Hgd−/− mice showed the expected increase in HGA, together with unexpected alterations in tyrosine, purine and TCA-cycle pathways. metabolites with the greatest abundance increases in Hgd−/− were HGA and previously unreported sulfate and glucuronide HGA conjugates, these were decreased in mice and patients on nitisinone and shown to be products from HGA by the 13C-labelled HGA tracer. Our findings reveal that increased HGA in AKU undergoes further metabolism by mainly phase II biotransformations. The data advance our understanding of overall tyrosine metabolism, demonstrating how specific metabolic conditions can elucidate hitherto undiscovered pathways in biochemistry and metabolism.

关键词： Alkaptonuria Biotransformation metabolism metabolomics mice

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IN VIVO NEAR-INFRAREDFLUORESCENCEImAGING OF HUmANCOLONADENOCARCINOmABY SPECIFIC ImmUNOTARGETINGOFA TUmOR-ASSOCIATEDmUCIN

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2009年第4期2卷 407-422页

作者： RALPH S.DACOSTA YING TANG TUULA KALLIOmAKI RAYmOND m.REILLY ROBERT WEERSINK ALISHA R.ELFORD norman E.mARCON BRIAN C.WILSON Division of Biophysics and Bioimaging Ontario Cancer Institute 610 University of TorontoTorontoOntarioM5G 2M9Canada Department of medical Biophysics University of Toronto Princess Margaret Hospital/Ontario Cancer Institute University Health NetworkTorontoOntarioCanada NIH/NCI Radiation Oncology Branch BethesdaMDUSA Division of Clinical Investigation and Human Physiology Toronto General Hospital Research Institute and University of Toronto Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy TorontoOntarioCanada Laboratory for Applied Biophotonics University Health Network TorontoOntarioCanada Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research University Health Network/Ontario Cancer Institute Department of medical Biophysics and Immunology Toronto OntarioCanada St.michael’s Hospital Center for Therapeutic Endoscopy and Endoscopic Oncology Toronto OntarioCanada

Background and Aims: Accurate endoscopic detection of premalignant lesions and earlycancers in the colon is essential for cure, since prognosis is closely related to lesion size andstage. Although it has great clinical potential, autofluorescence endoscopy has limited tumorto-normal tissue image contrast for detecting small preneoplastic lesions. We have developed amolecularly specific, near-infrared fluorescent monoclonal antibody (CC49) bioconjugate whichtargets tumor-associated glycoprotein 72 (TAG72), as a contrast agent to improve fluorescencebased endoscopy of colon cancer. methods: The fluorescent anti-TAG72 conjugate was evaluated in vitro and in vivo in athymic nude mice bearing human colon adenocarcinoma (LS174T)subcutaneous tumors. Autofluorescence, a fluorescent but irrelevant antibody and the free fluorescent dye served as controls. Fluorescent agents were injected intravenously, and in vivowhole body fluorescence imaging was performed at various time points to determine pharmacokinetics, followed by ex vivo tissue analysis by confocal fluorescence microscopy and histology Results: Fluorescence microscopy and histology confirmed specific LS174T cell membrane targeting of labeled CC49 in vitro and ex vivo. In vivo fluorescence imaging demonstrated significant tumor-to-normal tissue contrast enhancement with labeled-CC49 at three hours postinjection, with maximum contrast after 48 h. Accumulation of tumor fluorescence demonstratedthat modification of CC49 antibodies did not alter their specific tumor-localizing properties, andwas antibody-dependent since controls did not produce detectable tumor fluorescence. Conclusions: These results show proof-of-principle that our near-infrared fluorescent-antibody probetargeting a tumor-associated mucin detects colonic tumors at the molecular level in real time,and offer a basis for future improvement of image contrast during clinical fluorescence endoscopy.

关键词： Autofluorescence imaging endoscopy colon adenocarcinoma TAG72 CC49 mucin monoclonal antibody conjugate confocal fluorescence microscopy.

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mOVPE-grown AlGaN-based tunnel heterojunctions enabling fully transparent UVC LEDs

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Photonics Research 2019年第5期7卷 I0008-I0012页

作者： Christian Kuhn Luca Sulmoni martin Guttmann Johannes Glaab norman Susilo Tim Wernicke markus Weyers michael Kneissl Technische Universitat Berlin Institute of Solid State Physics Hardenbergstr. 36 EW6-1 10623 Berlin Germany Ferdinand-Braun-Institut Leibniz-Institut fur Hochstfrequenztechnik Gustav-Kirchhoff-Str. 4 12489 Berlin Germany

We report on AlGaN-based tunnel heterojunctions grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy enabling fully transparent UVC LEDs by eliminating the absorbing p-AlGaN and p-GaN layers. Furthermore, the electrical characteristics can be improved by exploiting the higher conductivity of n-AlGaN layers as well as a lower resistance of n-contacts. UVC LEDs with AlGaN:mg/AlGaN:Si tunnel junctions exhibiting single peak emission at268 nm have been realized, demonstrating effective carrier injection into the AlGaN multiple quantum well active region. The incorporation of a low band gap interlayer enables effective tunneling and strong voltage ***, the interlayer thickness is systematically varied. Tunnel heterojunction LEDs with an 8 nm thick GaN interlayer exhibit continuous-wave emission powers >3 m W near thermal rollover. External quantum efficiencies of 1.4% at a DC current of 5 m A and operating voltages of 20 V are measured on-wafer. Laterally homogeneous emission is demonstrated by UV-sensitive electroluminescence microscopy images. The complete UVC LED heterostructure is grown in a single epitaxy process including in situ activation of the magnesium acceptors.

关键词： mOVPE-grown AlGaN-based UVC LEDs

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