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Bioreduction of vanadium(V) in groundwater by autohydrogentrophic bacteria:Mechanisms and microorganisms

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第4期27卷 122-128页

作者： Xiaoyin Xu Siqing Xia lijie Zhou Zhiqiang Zhang bruce E.Rittmann State Key laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University Key laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment Ministry of Education College of Environmental Science and EngineeringTongji University

As one of the transition metals, vanadium（V）（V（V）） in trace amounts represents an essential element for normal cell growth, but becomes toxic when its concentration is above 1 mg/l. V（V） can alter cellular differentiation, gene expression, and other biochemical and metabolic phenomena. A feasible method to detoxify V（V） is to reduce it to V（IV）, which precipitates and can be readily removed from the water. The bioreduction of V（V） in a contaminated groundwater was investigated using autohydrogentrophic bacteria and hydrogen gas as the electron donor. Compared with the previous organic donors,H2 shows the advantages as an ideal electron donor, including nontoxicity and less production of excess biomass. V（V） was 95.5% removed by biochemical reduction when autohydrogentrophic bacteria and hydrogen were both present, and the reduced V（IV）precipitated, leading to total-V removal. Reduction kinetics could be described by a first-order model and were sensitive to p H and temperature, with the optimum ranges of p H 7.5–8.0 and 35–40°C, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis by clone library showed that the dominant species in the experiments with V（V） bioreduction belonged to theβ-Proteobacteria. Previously known V（V）-reducing species were absent, suggesting that V（V）reduction was carried out by novel species. Their selective enrichment during V（V）bioreduction suggests that Rhodocyclus, a denitrifying bacterium, and Clostridium, a fermenter known to carry out metal reduction, were responsible for V（V） bioreduction.

关键词： Vanadium Bioreduction Hydrogen Rhodocyclus Clostridium

Acetylsalicylic acid supplementation improves protein utilization efficiency while vitamin E supplementation reduces markers of the inflammatory response in weaned pigs challenged with enterotoxigenic ***

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第1期8卷 143-153页

作者： Jae Cheol Kim bruce P. Mullan John l. Black Robert J. E. Hewitt Robert J. van Barneveld John R. Pluske School of Veterinary and life Sciences Murdoch University Murdoch WA 6150 Australia Department of Agriculture and Food Pork Innovation South Perth WA 6151 Australia John l Black Consulting Warrimoo NSW 2774 Australia SunPork Farms Solutions Loganholme QLD 4129 Australia Barneveld Nutrition Pry ltd Loganholme QLD 4129 Australia

Background： This experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that vitamin E（Vit E） and acetylsalicylic acid（ASA）, a cyclooxygenase-2（COX-2） inhibitor, will additively reduce the production of the immunosuppressive molecule prostaglandin E_2（PGE_2） and hence reduce inflammatory responses in weaner pigs experimentally infected with an enterotoxigenic strain of E. ***： The experiment was conducted in a research facility with 192 individually-housed male weaner pigs（landrace × large White） weighing 6.6 ± 0.04 kg（mean ± SEM）. The pigs were experimentally infected with an enterotoxigenic strain of E. coli and were allocated to a 2 × 3 factorial design with the respective factors being without and with 125 ppm ASA and three levels of Vit E supplementation（50, 100 or 200 IU/kg diet, dl-α-tocopheryl acetate）.Results： Acetylsalicylic acid supplementation improved average daily gain（P 〈 0.05） and tended to improve feed：gain ratio（P 〈 0.10） during the first 14 d after weaning. Acetylsalicylic acid supplementation also improved（P 〈 0.001） amino acid utilization efficiency（as assessed by plasma urea level） and tended to decrease（P 〈 0.10） PGE2 production in the liver without affecting smal intestinal histology and tight junction protein mR NA expression in the jejunal epithelium. Vitamin E supplementation greater than 100 IU/kg diet sustained both the plasma Vit E concentration（P 〈 0.001） and plasma haptoglobin content（P 〈 0.001） after weaning. However, there was no additive effects of the combined supplementation of ASA and Vit E on performance, intestinal barrier function and inflammatory responses of weaned ***： Although ASA and vitamin E improved amino acid utilization efficiency and reduced acute inflammatory responses, ASA and vitamin E did not additively reduce production of PGE2 and inflammatory responses in weaner pigs experimental y infected with an enterotoxigenic strain of E. coli.

关键词： Acetylsalicylic acid E.coli infection PGE_2 Vitamin E Weaner pigs

静脉血栓栓塞性疾病的新进展：第九版静脉血栓栓塞性疾病指南展望

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中华结核和呼吸杂志 2012年第2期35卷 127-130页

作者：乔人立 bruce l Davidson Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine University ofSouthern California Los Angeles California USA Universityof Washington Seattle Washington USA

美国胸科医师学会（ACCP）修订的静脉血栓栓塞性疾病（VTE）指南的第九版即将发表.在前8版指南的影响下,临床医生对VTE的临床意义已有较多了解[1-2].现选择VTE临床研究中的数项重要的新进展综述如下,包括门诊患者诊断VTE的新思路,浅表... 详细信息

美国胸科医师学会（ACCP）修订的静脉血栓栓塞性疾病（VTE）指南的第九版即将发表.在前8版指南的影响下,临床医生对VTE的临床意义已有较多了解[1-2].现选择VTE临床研究中的数项重要的新进展综述如下,包括门诊患者诊断VTE的新思路,浅表静脉血栓形成（superfacial venous thrombosis,SVT）的意义,新型固定剂量的口服非维生素K拮抗剂的抗凝作用,减半剂量阿替普酶进行溶栓治疗肺栓塞（ pulmonary embolism,PE）的研究及下腔静脉滤器植入后长期抗凝及肝素诱导的血小板减少症（ heparin-induced thrombocytopenia,HIT）的处理.这些进展可能在新版ACCP指南的修订中有所体现.

关键词：静脉血栓栓塞性疾病指南 pulmonary 美国胸科医师学会维生素K拮抗剂静脉血栓形成血小板减少症下腔静脉滤器

Bacterial vaginosis:a synthesis of the literature on etiology,prevalence,risk factors,and relationship with chlamydia and gonorrhea infections

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Journal of Medical Colleges of PlA(China) 2016年第2期31卷 93-103页

作者： Christian T.Bautista Eyako Wurapa Warren B.Sateren Sara Morris bruce Hollingsworth Jose l.Sanchez Division of Health Research Lancaster University Lancaster UK. Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Maryland USA Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center and Cherokee Nation Technology Solutions Maryland USA

Bacterial vaginosis(BV) is a common vaginal disorder in women of reproductive age. Since the initial work of leopoldo in 1953 and Gardner and Dukes in 1955, researchers have not been able to identify the causative etiologic agent of BV. There is increasing evidence, however, that BV occurs when lactobacillus spp., the predominant species in healthy vaginal flora, are replaced by anaerobic bacteria, such as Gardenella vaginalis, Mobiluncus curtisii, M. mulieris, other anaerobic bacteria and/or Mycoplasma hominis. Worldwide, it estimated that 20%–30% of women of reproductive age attending sexually transmitted infection(STI) clinics suffer from BV, and that its prevalence can be as high as 50%–60% in high-risk populations(e.g., those who practice commercial sex work(CSW). Epidemiological data show that women are more likely to report BV if they: 1) have had a higher number of lifetime sexual partners; 2) are unmarried; 3) have engaged in their first intercourse at a younger age; 4) have engaged in CSW, and 5) practice regular douching. In the past decade, several studies have provided evidence on the contribution of sexual activity to BV. However, it is difficult to state that BV is a STI without being able to identify the etiologic agent. BV has also emerged as a public health problem due to its association with other STIs, including: human immunodeficiency virus(HIV), herpes simplex virus type 2(HSV-2), Chlamydia trachomatis(CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae(NG). The most recent evidence on the association between BV and CT/NG infection comes from two secondary analyses of cohort data conducted among women attending STI clinics. Based on these studies, women with BV had a 1.8 and 1.9-fold increased risk for NG and CT infection, respectively. Taken together, BV is likely a risk factor or at least an important contributor to subsequent NG or CT infection in high-risk women. Additional research is required to determine whether this association is also present in other low-r

关键词： Bacterial vaginosis Chlamydia Gonorrhea Military Epidemiology STI

Improved nitrogen removal in dual-contaminated surface water by photocatalysis

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2012年第3期6卷 428-436页

作者： Yongming ZHANG Rong YAN Zhen ZOU Jiewei WANG bruce E.RITTMANN Deparlxnent of Environmental Engineering College of Life and Environmental ScienceShanghai Normal UniversityShanghai 200234China Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology Biodesign InstituteArizona State UniversityTempeAZ85287-5801USA

River waters in China have dual contamination by nutrients and recalcitrant organic compounds. In principle, the organic compotmds could be used to drive denitrification of nitrate, thus arresting eutrophication potential, if the recalcitrant organics could be made bioavailable. This study investigated the potential to make the recalcitrant organics bioavailable through photocatalysis. Batch denitrification tests in a biofilm reactor demonstrated that dual-contaminated river water was short of available electron donor, which resulted in low total nitrogen （TN） removal by denitrification. However, the denitrification rate was increased signifi- cantly by adding glucose or by making the organic matters of the river water more bioavailable through photocata- lysis. Photocatalysis for 15 min increased the Chemical Oxygen Demand （COD） of the river water from 53 to 84 mg. l-1 and led to a 4-fold increase in TN removal. The increase in TN removal gave the same effect as adding 92 mg.l 1 of glucose. During the photocatalysis experi- ments, the COD increased because photocatalysis trans- formed organic molecules from those that are resistant to dichromate oxidation in the COD test to those that can be oxidized by dichromate. This phenomenon was verified by testing photocatalysis of pyridine added to the river water. These findings point to the potential for N removal via denitrification after photocatalysis, and they also suggest that the rivers in China may be far more polluted than indicated by COD assays.

关键词： dual contamination eutrophication photocatalysis remediation surface water

A Review of Immune System Components, Cytokines, and Immunostimulants in Cultured Finfish Species

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2017年第3期7卷 267-288页

作者： Timothy J. bruce Michael l. Brown Missouri Department of Conservation Lost Valley Hatchery Warsaw Missouri USA Department of Natural Resource Management South Dakota State University Brookings South Dakota USA

Aquaculture is a rapidly growing global agriculture sector and the importance of fish health has become of upmost importance as production levels and stocking densities increase. Over the past few decades, there have been a large number of immunological investigations on commonly cultured finfish species. Further, new technologies and strategies that embody use of fish immunostimulants, probiotics, and vaccinology rely heavily upon a comprehensive understanding of teleost immune system mechanics. The teleost immune system works in concert to properly recognize, control, and clear aquatic pathogens. Recent findings have exemplified the cooperative efforts of the nonspecific and adaptive branches, and have put forth an emphasis on the importance of the mucosal immune response in all aspects of a mounted immune response. This review provides a generalized overview of the innate and adaptive arms of the fish immune system, and provides highlights of recently published work in the areas of signaling networks and mucosal immune interactions.

关键词： Innate Immunity Adaptive Immunity Cytokines Immunostimulation Aquaculture

Microelectrode Array-evaluation of Neurotoxic Effects of Magnesium as an Implantable Biomaterial

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2016年第1期32卷 89-96页

作者： Ting Huang ZhonghaiWang lina Wei Mark Kindy Yufeng Zheng Tingfei Xi bruce Z. Gao Center for Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking University Beijing 100871 China Department of Bioengineering Clemson University Clemson SC29634 USA Departments of Neurosciences and Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC29466 USA Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center Charleston SC29403 USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering College of Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China Shenzhen Key laboratory of Human Tissue Regeneration and Repair Shenzhen Institute Peking University Shenzhen 518057 China

Magnesium （Mg）-based biomaterials have shown great potential in clinical applications. However, the cytotoxic effects of excessive Mg2. and the corrosion products from Mg-based biomaterials, particularly their effects on neurons, have been little studied. Although viability tests are most commonly used, a functional evaluation is critically needed. Here, both methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium （MTT） and lactate de- hydrogenase （lDH） assays were used to test the effect of Mg2. and Mg-extract solution on neuronal viability. Microelectrode arrays （MEAs）, which provide long-term, real-time recording of extracellular electro- physiological signals of in vitro neuronal networks, were used to test for toxic effects. The minimum effective concentrations （ECmin） of Mg2. from the MTr and lDH assays were 3 mmol/l and 100 mmol/l respec- tively, while the ECmin obtained from the MEA assay was 0.1 mmol/l MEA data revealed significant loss of neuronal network activity when the culture was exposed to 25% Mg-extract solution, a concentra- tion that did not affect neuronal viability. For evaluating the biocompatibility of Mg-based biomaterials with neurons, MEA electrophysiological testing is a more precise method than basic cell-viability testing.

关键词： Magnesium Microelectrode array Neuroelectrophysiology Neuron viability Neuronal network

Comparison of leptosphaeria biglobosa-induced and chemically induced systemic resistance to *** in Brassica napus

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2007年第8期52卷 1053-1062页

作者： lIU ShengYi lIU RenHu Akinwunmi O. lATUNDE-DADA Hans J. COOlS Simon J. FOSTER HUANG YongJu bruce D. l. FITT Rothamsted Research Harpenden Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ UK Key lab of Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops Chinese Ministry0f Agriculture CAAS Oil Crops Research Institute Wuhan 430062 China Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou 310021 China

Brassica napus(***)seedlings pre-treated with ascospores of leptosphaeria biglobosa or foliar sprays of either acibenzolar-S-methyl(ASM)or menadione sodium bisulphite(MSB)were chal- lenge inoculated with *** ascospores and assessed for phoma leaf spot development and tissue morphology and gene expression responses to *** of increase in phoma leaf spot area 8―21 d after challenge inoculation were significantly greater on water pre-treated plants than on plants pre-treated with ***,ASM or MSB on both pre-treated leaves(local effect)and younger leaves without pre-treatment(systemic effect).Ninety-six h after challenge inoculation,the invasive hyphae of *** were encircled by rings of necrotic mesophyll cells on leaves pre-treated with l. biglobosa,ASM or MSB but not those pre-treated with *** of transcript levels of genes commonly used as markers of the major defence signalling pathways(PDF1.2,PR-1,NPR1,APX, CHB4)0–96 h after *** challenge inoculation showed expression patterns indicating prefer- ential activation of the jasmonate/ethylene pathway and involved induction of NPR1 locally and sys- temically in leaves of plants pre-treated with *** ascospores.

关键词：油菜黑胫病抗性黑胫病弱毒种诱导途径比较化学诱导

A Prospective, Open-label, 12 Week Trial of S-adenosylmethionine in the Symptomatic Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease

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Neuroscience & Medicine 2011年第3期2卷 222-225页

作者： Maja l. Rudolph Michael Rabinoff bruce l. Kagan UClA Neuropsychiatric Institute and Hospital

Objective: To determine if treatment with S-adenosylmethionine (SAM-e) might lead to cognitive and behavioral improvement in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Interventions: We conducted a prospective, open-label study of six subjects who were given oral SAM-e over 12 weeks and measured the effects on cognition and behavior. Outcome measures: Outcome measures of cognition and behavior included the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive subscale (ADAS-Cog), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Behave-AD, Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI), Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D), informant version, Blessed Dementia Scale to assess activities of daily living (ADl), the Physical Self-Maintainance Scale (PSMS), and the lawton-Brody IADl Scale to measure instrumental activities of daily living. Results: At study completion, two subjects were “moderately improved” and 4 were “minimally improved” on the CGI. Five subjects improved on the ADAS-Cog by an average of 20%. No significant side effects were reported. Conclusions: In this small open label study, SAM-e appeared to have a beneficial effect in patients with AD, but the small subject number didn’t provide enough power to show statistical significance. Controlled trials with adequate statistical power to investigate its utility in AD are warranted.

关键词： S-adenosylmethionine Treatment Alzheimer’s Disease