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Use and application of CFC-11,CFC-12,CFC-113 and SF6 as environmental tracers of groundwater residence time:A review

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第5期10卷 1643-1652页

作者： l.a. chambers D.C. Gooddy A.M. Binley Department of Civil.a.d Environmental Engineering University of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XJUK lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancasterLA1 4YQUK British Geological Survey Maclean BuildingWallingfordOX10 8BBUK

Groundwater residence time is a fundamental property of groundwater to understand important hydrogeological issues,such as deriving sustainable abstraction volumes,or,the evolution of groundwater quality.The anthropogenic trace gases chlorofluorocarbons (CFC-11,CFC-12 and CFC-113) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) are ideal in this regard because they have been rel.a.ed globally at known rates and become dissolved in groundwater following Henry’s law,integrating over large spatial (global) and temporal (decades) scales.The CFCs and SF6 are able to date groundwater up to w100 years old with the caveat of certain simplifying assumptions.However,the inversion of environmental tracer concentrations (CFCs and SF6) to derive groundwater age rests on the accurate determination of groundwater recharge parameters,namely temperature,elevation,salinity and excess air,in addition to resolving the potential for contamination,degradation and unsaturated zone effects.This review explores the fundamentals of CFC-11,CFC-12,CFC-113 and SF6 as environmental tracers of groundwater age and recommends complementary techniques throughout.Once this relatively simple and inexpensive technique has been used to determine initial concentrations at the recharge zone,setting the groundwater dating ‘clock’ to zero,this review then explores the meaning of groundwater ‘age’ in relation to measured environmental tracer concentrations.It is shown that the CFCs and SF6 may be applied to a wide-range of hydrogeological problems and suggests that environmental tracers are particularly powerful tools when integrated with numerical flow and transport models.

关键词： Hydrogeology Environmental tracers Groundwater dating

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Transcranial magnetic stimulation: potential treatment for co-occurring alcohol, traumatic brain injury and posttraumatic stress disorders

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Neural Regeneration Research 2014年第19期9卷 1712-1730页

作者： Amy A.Herrold Sandra l.Kletzel Brett C.Harton R.Andrew chambers Neil Jordan Theresa louise-Bender Pape Edward Hines Jr.VA Hospital Research Service PO Box 5000 (M/C 151H)HinesILUSA The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Center for Innovation for Complex Chronic HealthcareEdward Hines Jr.VA HospitalPO Box 5000 (M/C 151H)HinesILUSA Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine446 East Ontario#7-200ChicagoILUSA Chicago Association for Research and Education in Science HinesILUSA Department of Psychiatry Laboratory for Translational Neuroscience of Dual Diagnosis & DevelopmentNeuroscience Research CenterIndiana University School of Medicine320 West 15~(th)StreetIndianapolisINUSA Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Department of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationOffice of Medical Educ.(1574)345 E.Superior St.ChicagoILUSA

Alcohol use disorder （AUD）, mild traumatic brain injury （mTBI）, and posttraumatic stress disorder （PTSD） commonly co-occur （AUD ＋ mTBI ＋ PTSD）. These conditions have overlapping symptoms which are, in part, reflective of overlapping neuropathology. These conditions become problematic because their co-occurrence can exacerbate symptoms. Therefore, treatments must be developed that are inclusive to all three conditions. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation （rTMS） is non-invasive and may be an ideal treatment for co-occurring AUD ＋ mTBI ＋ PTSD. There is accumulating evidence on rTMS as a treatment for people with AUD, mTBI, and PTSD each alone. However, there are no published studies to date on rTMS as a treatment for co-occurring AUD ＋ mTBI ＋ PTSD. This review article advances the knowledge base for rTMS as a treatment for AUD ＋ mTBI ＋ PTSD. This review provides background information about these co-occurring conditions as well.a. rTMS. The existing literature on rTMS as a treatment for people with AUD, TBI, and PTSD each alone is reviewed. Finally, neurobiological findings in support of a theoretical model.a.e discussed to inform TMS as a treatment for co-occurring AUD ＋ mTBI ＋ PTSD. The peer-reviewed literature was identified by targeted literature searches using PubMed and supplemented by cross-referencing the bibliographies of relevant review articles. The existing evidence on rTMS as a treatment for these conditions in isolation, coupled with the overlapping neuropathology and symptomology of these conditions, suggests that rTMS may be well suited for the treatment of these conditions together.

关键词： transcranial magnetic stimulation traumatic brain injury posttraumatic stress disorder treatment neuroimaging substance use disorders addiction co-morbidity mental health disorders behavioral health neuroimaging non-invasive brain stimulation

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Prospective,multicentre study of screening,investigation and management of hyponatraemia after subarachnoid haemorrhage in the UK and Ireland

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2023年第3期8卷 207-216,I0028-I0059页

作者： James J M l.a. Steven Tominey Kirun Baweja Julie Woodfield Thomas J G chambers Mark Haley Simran S Kundu H Y Josephine Tang Anthony N Wiggins Michael T C Poon Paul M Brennan Translational Neurosurgery The University of Edinburgh Centre for Clinical Brain SciencesEdinburghUK Neurosurgery NHS LothianEdinburghUK Neurosurgery Institute of Neurological SciencesGlasgowUK Department of Medicine School of MedicineDentisty and NuringUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK Internal Medicine Queen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences University of EdinburghEdinburghUK Edinburgh Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology NHS LothianEdinburghUK Radiology University Hospitals Plymouth NHS TrustPlymouthUK Department of Medicine Cork University HospitalUniversity College CorkCorkIreland

Background Hyponatraemia often occurs after subarachnoid haemorrhage(SAH).However,its clinical significance and optimal management are uncertain.We audited the screening,investigation and management of hyponatraemia after SAH.Methods We prospectively identified consecutive patients with spontaneous SAH admitted to neurosurgical units in the United Kingdom or Ireland.We reviewed medical records daily from admission to discharge,21 days or death and extracted all measurements of serum sodium to identify hyponatraemia(l/l).Main outcomes were death/dependency at discharge or 21 days and admission duration>10 days.Associations of hyponatraemia with outcome were assessed using logistic regression with adjustment for predictors of outcome after SAH and admission duration.We assessed hyponatraemia-free survival using multivariable Cox regression.Results 175/407(43%)patients admitted to 24 neurosurgical units developed hyponatraemia.5976 serum sodium measurements were made.Serum osmolality,urine osmolality and urine sodium were measured in 30/166(18%)hyponatraemic patients with complete data.The most frequently target daily fluid intake was>3 l.a.d this did not differ during hyponatraemic or non-hyponatraemic episodes.26%(n/N=42/164)patients with hyponatraemia received sodium supplementation.133(35%)patients were dead or dependent within the study period and 240(68%)patients had hospital.a.mission for over 10 days.In the multivariable analyses,hyponatraemia was associated with less dependency(adjusted OR(aOR)=0.35(95%CI 0.17 to 0.69))but longer admissions(aOR=3.2(1.8 to 5.7)).World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies grade I-III,modified Fisher 2-4 and posterior circulation aneurysms were associated with greater hazards of hyponatraemia.Conclusions In this comprehensive multicentre prospective-adjusted analysis of patients with SAH,hyponatraemia was investigated inconsistently and,for most patients,was not associated with changes in management or clinical outcome.This work establishes a basis for the development

关键词： admitted urine centre

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基于容腔压力规划的非模式切换负载口独立电液系统运动控制

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机械工程学报 2024年第2期60卷 302-312页

作者：陈正吕立彤王飞姚斌李冬明刘红光张国良浙江大学流体动力与机电系统国家重点实验室杭州310027 浙江大学海洋学院舟山316021 石家庄铁道大学机械工程学院石家庄050043 北京航天发射技术研究所北京100072 美国普渡大学机械工程学院美国西拉法叶IN47907 江苏恒立液压股份有限公司常州213164

负载口独立系统是近年来电液系统的研究热点,但该系统在控制设计上呈现“双输入单输出”特性,控制设计的灵活性是其中关键问题;现有研究主要采用模式切换方法,但不同模式下执行器同一容腔的控制目标频繁切换,易造成压力波动。为此,提出... 详细信息

负载口独立系统是近年来电液系统的研究热点,但该系统在控制设计上呈现“双输入单输出”特性,控制设计的灵活性是其中关键问题;现有研究主要采用模式切换方法,但不同模式下执行器同一容腔的控制目标频繁切换,易造成压力波动。为此,提出基于容腔压力规划和压力跟踪控制的负载口独立系统控制方法,首先基于液压缸理想驱动力,为有杆腔规划出连续可导的压力参考轨迹,进而为两腔单独设计压力跟踪和运动跟踪控制器,从根本上避免模式切换造成的控制目标不连续。最后,针对动态的正、负负载工况,与主流模式切换方法开展对比试验,证实模式切换导致压力波动的现象,验证此方法可以有效降低容腔压力波动幅度,使负载口独立控制系统的动态过程更为平稳。

关键词：负载口独立系统压力控制运动控制

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Miniaturisation of high-throughput plasmid DNA library preparation for next-generation sequencing using multifactorial optimisation

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Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology 2019年第1期4卷 57-66页

作者： lorna Suckling Ciaran McFarlane Chelsea Sawyer Stephen P.chambers Richard I.Kitney David W.McClymont Paul S.Freemont The london DNA Foundry SynbiCITEImperial College LondonLondonSW72AZUK Department of life Sciences Imperial College LondonLondonSW72AZUK Department of Bioengineering Imperial College LondonLondonSW72AZUK Department of Medicine Imperial College LondonLondonSW72AZUK

High-throughput preparation of plasmid DNA libraries for next-generation sequencing(NGS)is an important capability for molecular biology laboratories.In particular,it is an essential quality control(QC)check when large numbers of plasmid variants are being generated.Here,we describe the use of the Design of Experiments(DOE)methodology to optimise the miniaturised preparation of plasmid DNA libraries for NGS,using the Illumina®Nextera XT technology and the labcyte Echo®acoustic liquid dispensing system.Furthermore,we describe methods which can be implemented as a QC check for identifying the presence of genomic DNA(gDNA)in plasmid DNA samples and the subsequent shearing of the gDNA,which otherwise prevents the acoustic transfer of plasmid DNA.This workflow enables the preparation of plasmid DNA libraries which yield high-quality sequencing data.

关键词： preparation otherwise shearing

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Eval.a.ion of the Power Generation Capacity of Hydrokinetic Generator Device Using Computational.a.alysis and Hydrodynamic Similitude

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2015年第8期3卷 71-82页

作者： Oladapo S. Akinyemi Terrence l. chambers Yucheng liu Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Louisiana at Lafayette Lafayette USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Mississippi State University Starkville USA

This paper presents a similitude and computational.a.alysis of the performance of a scaled-down model of a paddle wheel style hydrokinetic generator device used for generating power from the flow of a river. The paddle wheel dimensions used in this work are one-thirtieth scale of the full-size paddle wheel. The reason for simulating the scaled-down model was to prepare for the testing of a scaled-down physical prototype. Computational Fluid Dynamics using ANSYS Fluent 14.0 software was used for the computational.a.alysis. The scaled-down dimensions were used in the simulations to predict the power that can be generated from the scaled size model of the paddle wheel, having carried out similitude analysis between the scaled down size and its full-size. The dimensionless parameters employed in achieving similitude are the Strouhal number, power coefficient, and pressure coefficient. The power estimation of the full-size was predicted from the scaled size of the paddle wheel based on the similitude analysis.

关键词： Similitude Paddle Wheel CFD Power Generation Hydrokinetics

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Modulation of the electronic states of perovskite SrCrO3 thin films through protonation via low-energy hydrogen plasma implantation approaches

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Frontiers of physics 2020年第1期15卷 43-50页

作者： Meng Wu Shanquan Chen Chuanwei Huang Xing Ye Haiping Zhou Xiaochun Huang Kelvin H.l.Zhang Wensheng Yan lihua Zhang Kisslinger Kim Yingge Du Scott chambers Jin-Cheng Zheng Hui-Qiong Wang Fujian Provincial Key laboratory of Semiconductors and Applications Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Semiconductors and Efficient DevicesDepartment of PhysicsXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China Shenzhen Key laboratory of Special Functional Materials College of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China School of Materials and Energy University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731China State Key laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China National Synchrotron Radiation laboratory University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230029China Center for Functional Nanomaterials Brookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNY 11973-5000USA Physical Sciences Division Physical and Computational Sciences DirectoratePacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA 99352USA

Hydrogenation of transition metal oxides offers a powerful platform to tailor physical functionalities as well.a. for potential.a.plications in modern electronic technologies.An ideal nondestructive and efficient hydrogen incorporation approach is important for the realistic technological.a.plications.We demonstrate the proton injection on SrCro3 thin films via an efficient low-energy hydrogen plasma implantation experiments,without destroying the original lattice framework.Hydrogen ions accumu-late largely at the interfacial regions with amorphous character which extend about one-third of the total thickness.The Hx.SrCro3(HSCO)thin films appear like exfol.a.ed layers which however retain the fully strained state with distorted perovskite structure.Proton doping induces the change of Cr oxidation state from Cr^4+to Cr^3+in HSCO thin films and a transition from metallic to insulat-ing phase.Our investigations suggest an attractive platform in manipulating the electronic phases in proton-based approaches and may offer a potential peeling off strategy for nanoscale devices through low-energy hydrogen plasma implantation approaches.

关键词： transition metal oxide thin film metal-insulator transition hydrogenation

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计算机游戏宝典 G

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丛书名：美国IDG“宝典”丛书

2001年

作者：（美）Mark l.chambers （美）Rob Smith 牛力等译

本书系统介绍了计算机游戏的种类、玩法及所用的外围设备，本书分为三部分，主要包括：硬件基础、游戏世界和高级游戏。

ISBN: (纸本)7505366637

本书系统介绍了计算机游戏的种类、玩法及所用的外围设备，本书分为三部分，主要包括：硬件基础、游戏世界和高级游戏。

关键词：游戏应用软件

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Basophile:Accurate Fragment Charge State Prediction Improves Peptide Identification Rates

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2013年第2期11卷 86-95页

作者： Dong Wang Surendra Dasari Matthew C.chambers Jerry D.Hol.a. Kan Chen Daniel C.liebler Daniel J.Orton Samuel O.Purvine Matthew E.Monroe Chang Y.Chung Kristie l.Rose David l.Tabb Department of Biomedical Informatics Vanderbilt University Medical Center Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics Mayo Clinic Department of Biochemistry Vanderbilt University Medical Center Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences laboratory Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Department of Pharmacology Vanderbilt University Medical Center Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center Vanderbilt University School of Medicine

In shotgun proteomics, database search algorithms rely on fragmentation models to pre- dict fragment ions that should be observed for a given peptide sequence. The most widely used strat- egy （Naive model） is oversimplified, cl.a.ing all peptide bonds with equal probability to produce fragments of all charges below that of the precursor ion. More accurate models, based on fragmen- tation simulation, are too computationally intensive for on-the-fly use in database search algorithms. We have created an ordinal-regression-based model called Basophile that takes fragment size and basic residue distribution into account when determining the charge retention during CID/higher- energy collision induced dissociation （HCD） of charged peptides. This model improves the accuracy of predictions by reducing the number of unnecessary fragments that are routinely predicted for highly-charged precursors. Basophile increased the identification rates by 26% （on average） over the Naive model, when analyzing triply-charged precursors from ion trap data. Basophile achieves simplicity and speed by solving the prediction problem with an ordinal regression equation, which can be incorporated into any database search software for shotgun proteomic identification.

关键词： Fragmentation Basicity Fragment size Ordinal regression

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A-PRF促进兔膝关节骨软骨损伤愈合的观察

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上海交通大学学报（医学版） 2024年第1期44卷 13-22页

作者：朱泽宇吕成奇刘旭凌陈昱璐邹德荣陆家瑜上海交通大学医学院附属第六人民医院口腔科上海200233

目的·探讨改良型富血小板纤维蛋白(advanced platelet-rich fibrin,A-PRF)在骨软骨再生中的作用。方法·获取新西兰兔骨髓间充质干细胞(bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs)和膝关节软骨细胞;通过低速离心兔心脏血液获得A-PRF... 详细信息

目的·探讨改良型富血小板纤维蛋白(advanced platelet-rich fibrin,A-PRF)在骨软骨再生中的作用。方法·获取新西兰兔骨髓间充质干细胞(bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs)和膝关节软骨细胞;通过低速离心兔心脏血液获得A-PRF。采用光学显微镜观察A-PRF的组织学结构;ElISA法检测A-PRF中生长因子,包括血小板衍生生长因子、转化生长因子-β、胰岛素样生长因子、血管内皮生长因子、表皮生长因子和成纤维细胞生长因子的释放;采用活/死细胞双染法及MTT法检测A-PRF对兔BMSCs细胞毒性及增殖情况的影响;采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)检测A-PRF对兔BMSCsⅡ型胶原蛋白、聚集蛋白聚糖、碱性磷酸酶(AlP)和骨钙素(OCN)基因表达的影响;使用transwell小室测定A-PRF对于兔BMSCs以及软骨细胞迁移能力的影响。建立兔膝关节骨软骨缺损模型,将18只兔随机分为3组:A-PRF组(n=6)在缺损处植入A-PRF;A-PRF+BMSCs组(n=6)植入接种兔BMSCs的A-PRF;对照组(n=6)不进行植入操作。术后12周处死兔,采用苏木精-伊红(H-E)、甲苯胺蓝和番红O-固绿染色进行膝关节标本的组织学观察,并根据膝关节的表面形态学与组织学情况,采用国际软骨修复协会(International Cartilage Repair Society,ICRS)评分系统进行宏观与组织学评分。结果·A-PRF具有松散的网络结构,可以缓慢释放生长因子。加入A-PRF后,未观察到其对兔BMSCs具有细胞毒性;在加入A-PRF后24、48和72 h,BMSCs的增殖能力均明显升高(均PlP和OCN均显著上调(均P<0.05)。加入A-PRF后,兔BMSCs与软骨细胞的迁移能力均显著增强(均P<0.05),且兔BMSCs的迁移能力显著高于软骨细胞(P=0.025)。在兔膝关节缺损模型中,观察关节表面形态,可见A-PRF组和A-PRF+BMSCs组缺损均基本恢复,而对照组仅有软组织覆盖。在ICRS宏观评分方面,A-PRF组与A-PRF+BMSCs组的差异无统计学意义,但2组评分均显著高于对照组(均P<0.05)。组织学观察显示,A-PRF组和A-PRF+BMSCs组均产生骨软骨修复,但A-PRF组软骨更加成熟,对照组则形成纤维修复。在ICRS组织学评分方面,A-PRF组与A-PRF+BMSCs组的差异无统计学意义,但2组评分均显著高于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论·自体A-PRF具有良好的生物相容性和促进BMSCs增殖的能力,在体外和体内均可促进软骨和软骨下骨的修复。

关键词：骨软骨损伤改良型富血小板纤维蛋白生长因子硬组织再生

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