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The influence of metabolic disorders on adaptive immunity

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第10期21卷 1109-1119页

作者： Thomas J.C.Collins Pooranee K.Morgan kevin Man Graeme I.Lancaster Andrew J.murphy Division of Immunometabolism Baker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVIC3004Australia Department of Immunology Monash UniversityMelbourneVIC3004Australia Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity MelbourneVIC3000Australia Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC3052Australia

The immune system plays a crucial role in protecting the body from invading pathogens and maintaining tissue *** homoeostatic lipid metabolism is an important aspect of efficient immune cell function and when disrupted immune cell function is *** are numerous metabolic diseases whereby systemic lipid metabolism and cellular function is *** the context of metabolic disorders,chronic inflammation is suggested to be a major contributor to disease progression.A major contributor to tissue dysfunction in metabolic disease is ectopic lipid deposition,which is generally caused by diet and genetic ***,we propose the idea,that similar to tissue and organ damage in metabolic disorders,excessive accumulation of lipid in immune cells promotes a dysfunctional immune system(beyond the classical foam cell)and contributes to disease ***,we review the evidence that lipid accumulation through diet can modulate the production and function of immune cells by altering cellular lipid *** can impact immune cell signalling,activation,migration,and death,ultimately affecting key aspects of the immune system such as neutralising pathogens,antigen presentation,effector cell activation and resolving inflammation.

关键词： Immunity Metabolic Disorders Lipid Metabolism Cell Metabolism Immunometabolism Cancer

Oral microbiome: possible harbinger for children’s health

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International Journal of Oral Science 2020年第2期12卷 89-101页

作者： Jin Xiao kevin A.Fiscella Steven r.Gill Eastman Institute for Oral Health University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA Department of Family Medicine University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA Genomics research Center University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA

The human microbiome functions as an intricate and coordinated microbial network,residing throughout the mucosal surfaces of the skin,oral cavity,gastrointestinal tract,respiratory tract,and reproductive *** oral microbiome encompasses a highly diverse microbiota,consisting of over 700 microorganisms,including bacteria,fungi,and *** our understanding of the relationship between the oral microbiome and human health has evolved,we have identified a diverse array of oral and systemic diseases associated with this microbial community,including but not limited to caries,periodontal diseases,oral cancer,colorectal cancer,pancreatic cancer,and inflammatory bowel *** potential predictive relationship between the oral microbiota and these human diseases suggests that the oral cavity is an ideal site for disease diagnosis and development of rapid point-of-care *** oral cavity is easily accessible with a non-invasive collection of biological *** can envision a future where early life salivary diagnostic tools will be used to predict and prevent future disease via analyzing and shaping the infant’s oral *** this review,we present evidence for the establishment of the oral microbiome during early childhood,the capability of using childhood oral microbiome to predict future oral and systemic diseases,and the limitations of the current evidence.

关键词： diagnosis salivary biome

A thermodynamic perspective on electrode poisoning in solid oxide fuel cells

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第6期31卷 1449-1455页

作者： kevin Huang Department of Mechanical Engineering University of South CarolinaColumbiaUSA

A critical challenge to the commercialization of clean and high-efficiency solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC)technology is the insuf-ficient stack lifespan caused by a variety of degradation mechanisms,which are associated with cell components and chemical *** components related degradation refers to thermal/chemical/electrochemical deterioration of cell materials under operating conditions,whereas the latter regards impurities in feedstocks of oxidant(air)and reductant(fuel).This article provides a thermodynamic perspective on the understanding of the impurities-induced degradation mechanisms in *** discussion focuses on using thermodynamic ana-lysis to elucidate poisoning mechanisms in cathodes by impurity species such as Cr,CO_(2),H_(2)O,and SO_(2) and in the anode by species such as S(or H_(2)S),SiO_(2),and P_(2)(or PH_(3)).The author hopes the presented fundamental insights can provide a theoretical foundation for search-ing for better technical solutions to address the critical degradation challenges.

关键词： impurities air fuel reaction activity

Mixed ion and electron transport theory and application in solid oxide conductors

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2022年第4期29卷 870-875页

作者： kevin Huang Department of Mechanical engineering University of South CarolinaColumbiaSC 292201USA

Mixed ions and electron conductors(MIECs)are an important family of electrocatalysts for electrochemical devices,such as reversible solid oxide cells,rechargeable metal-air batteries,and oxygen transport *** ionic and electronic transports in these materials play a key role in electrocatalytic *** in-depth fundamental understanding of the transport phenomena is critically needed to develop better *** this brief review,we introduced generic ionic and electronic transport theory based on irreversible thermodynamics and applied it to practical oxide-based materials with oxygen vacancies and electrons/holes as the predominant *** oxide systems,namely CeO_(2)-based and La CrO_(3)-based materials,are selected as case studies to illustrate the utility of the transport theory in predicting oxygen partial pressure distribution across MIECs,electrochemical electronic/ionic leakage currents,and the effects of external load current on the leakage currents.

关键词： irreversible thermodynamics diffusivity charge neutrality electrochemical potential electrostatic potential

Multistage Off-Line Permutation Packet routing on a Mesh:An Approach with Elementary Mathematics

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2009年第1期24卷 175-180页

作者： kevin Chiew School of Information Systems Singapore Management University80 Stamford RoadSingapore 178902

Various methods have been proposed for off-line permutation packet routing on a mesh. One of the methods is known as multistage routing, in which the first stage is crucial. For the first stage of routing, the previous study normally converts it to a problem of graph theory and proves the existence of solutions. However, there is a lack of simple algorithms to the first stage of routing. This article presents an explicit and simple approach for the first stage of routing based on elementary mathematics.

关键词： permutation packet routing explicit algorithm

Use of the GOrE^(®) DrySeal Flex Introducer Sheath to Facilitate Implantation of the Transcatheter Venus P-valve

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Congenital Heart Disease 2021年第3期16卷 197-203页

作者： Matthew I.Jones Matthew murphy Eric rosenthal kevin P.Walsh Damien Kenny Shakeel A.Qureshi Gianfranco Butera Department of Congenital Cardiology Evelina London Children’s HospitalGuy’s&St Thomas’NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK Department of Cardiology Mater Misericordiae University HospitalDublinIreland Department of Pediatric Cardiology Our Lady’s Children’s HospitalDublinIreland School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences Kings CollegeLondonUK

Objectives:We report our experience of using the 65 cm large diameter GOrE^(®) DrySeal Flex Introducer sheath to facilitate transcatheter implantation of the Venus P-valve in the pulmonary ***:Transcatheter implantation of pulmonary valves can be difficult due to rigidity of the valve delivery system or the anatomy of the rVOT and pulmonary artery bifurcation and the risk of iatrogenic damage to the tricuspid valve support *** long sheaths to pass and protect the tricuspid valve may facilitate the ***:Multi-centre registry of patients who underwent transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation of the Venus P-valve using the GOrE^(®) DrySeal Flex introducer sheath to facilitate passage of the valve to the right ventricular outflow *** success,time to valve implantation and radiation safety parameters were *** data were compared to a control group of subjects treated between July 2014 and May 2016 with the same valve but without the use of GOrE^(®) ***:Between December 2016 and September 2018,the Venus P-valve was successfully deployed through the GOrE^(®) DrySeal in 12 *** were no procedure-related *** a control group,10 subjects treated between July 2014 and May 2016 were *** procedure time was significantly shorter in the GOrE^(®) DrySeal group compared to the control group 96±27 min vs.164±12 min(preening time was significantly shorter in the GOrE^(®) DrySeal group(24±11 min)when compared with the control group(32±14 min,pribe a modification to the previously described techniques of implanting the Venus P-valve in the pulmonary position after surgical repair of congenital heart *** our experience,the GOrE^(®) DrySeal sheath has considerably facilitated the procedure and reduced the potential risks.

关键词： Congenital heart disease percutaneous pulmonary valve

Founder effects and the evolution of asymmetrical sexual isolation in a rapidly-speciating clade

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Current Zoology 2013年第2期59卷 230-238页

作者： kevin r OH Gina L. CONTE Kerry L. SHAW Department of Neurobiology and Behavior Comell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA Department of Biology University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA

Sexual isolation resulting from differences in mate choice behaviors is a hallmark of rapidly-speciating lineages. When present, asymmetrical sexual isolation may provide insights into the mechanisms responsible for the evolutionary change in mate signaling traits. In particular, Kaneshiro＇s hypothesis suggests that divergence in sexual characters between populations may arise in allopatry when ＇derived＇ founding populations are subject to severe population bottlenecks, accompanied by a relaxation of sexual selection relative to ＇ancestral＇ source populations. In the present study, we tested predictions of asymmetrical sexual isolation between two allopatric species of Hawaiian Laupala crickets, representing ＇ancestral＇（L. makaio） and ＇derived＇（L. nigra） taxa. While crickets in this genus are notable for rapid divergence of male courtship songs, these species share similar song types, thus suggesting that patterns of sexual isolation are likely due to other mating cues. Analysis of behavioral responses in conspeci- fic and heterospecific ＇no-choice＇ mating trials revealed pronounced asymmetrical isolation in the direction predicted by Kane- shiro＇s hypothesis, wherein we observed a significant reduction in mating success for crosses involving ＇derived＇ males paired with ＇ancestral＇ females, compared to the reciprocal heterospecific and both conspecific pairings. Further dissection of courtship behaviors suggested this difference did not reflect male mate choice, but rather, marked reduced spermatophore acceptance rates by ＇ancestral＇ females paired with ＇derived＇ males. The results are discussed with respect to founder effect models of speciatiou and the potential role of chemosensory signals in mate choice in these species [Current Zoology 59 （2）： 230-238, 2013].

关键词： Prezygotic isolation Kaneshiro's hypothesis Founder flush models Laupala

The strawberry genome:a complicated past and promising future

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Horticulture research 2019年第1期6卷 518-520页

作者： kevin M.Folta Christopher r.Barbey Horticultural Sciences Department University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611USA

Within the juicy red flesh of the commercial strawberry lies a deep history that spans at least three continents and hundreds of thousands of *** genetic heritage of this prized dessert fruit was crafted by nature,with its modern improvement driven by the indigenous Mapuche people of South America,a seafaring a French spy,and a plant-loving teenager that gathered fruits to present to a *** many stories that punctuate the history of the modern strawberry relate to its contemporary cultivation as well as origins that span a significant portion of the globe1,2.

关键词： straw hundreds berry

Chowing down:diet considerations in rodent models of metabolic disease

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Life Metabolism 2023年第3期2卷 10-18页

作者： kevin C.Klatt kevin Bass John r.Speakman kevin D.Hall Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology University of California BerkeleyBerkeleyCA 94720United States Garrison Institute of Aging Texas Tech University Health Science CenterLubbockTX 79430United States Center for Energy Metabolism and reproduction Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdong 518055China National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD 20892United States

Diet plays a substantial role in the etiology, progression, and treatment of chronic disease and is best considered as a multifacetedset of modifiable input variables with pleiotropic effects on a variety of biological pathways spanning multiple organ systems. Thisbrief review discusses key issues related to the design and conduct of diet interventions in rodent models of metabolic disease andtheir implications for interpreting experiments. We also make specific recommendations to improve rodent diet studies to help betterunderstand the role of diet on metabolic physiology and thereby improve our understanding of metabolic disease.

关键词： diet composition nutrition chow study design recommendations