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The contribution of botanic gardens to ex situ conservation through seed banking

Plant Diversity 2017年第6期39卷 373-378页

作者： katherine O'Donnell suzanne sharrock Botanic Gardens Conservation International Descanso House

Target 8 of the Global strategy for Plant Conservation calls for 'at least 75 per cent of threatened plant species in ex situ collections, preferably in the country of origin, and at least 20 per cent available for recovery and restoration programmes by 2020'.Botanic gardens make a significant contribution to ex situ conservation of wild species with more than a third of plant species represented in botanic gardens collections. These collections are a combination of living collection and seed banked material. seed banking can provide an efficient form of conservation for wild plant genetic *** from Botanic Gardens Conservation International's(BGCI) databases(Gardensearch,Plantsearch, Threatsearch and GlobalTreesearch) has been analysed as well as survey data to report on global, regional and national seed banking *** from BGCI's databases indicates that there are at least 350 seed banking botanic gardens in 74 countries. In total 56,987 taxa have been banked including more than 9000 taxa that are threatened with extinction. 6881 tree species are stored in ex situ seed bank collections. More than half(3562) of these tree species are single country endemics and represent species from more than 166 *** study suggests that institutions are increasingly conserving plant species via seed *** the majority of species in collections that have a conservation assessment are not threatened with extinction. This disjunction between species that are threatened and those conserved in seed banks needs to be addressed. Data from BGCI's databases can be used to enable prioritisation of threatened plant species for collection and conservation in seed banks. Further recommendations for botanic gardens involved in seed conservation are presented.

关键词： seed banking GsPC ex situ conservation Conservation assessments Botanic gardens

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Recurrent varicocele

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2016年第2期18卷 229-233,J0004,J0005页

作者： katherine Rotker Mark sigman Department of surgery division of Urology Brown University 2 Dudley Street Suite #174 Providence RI 02905 USA.

Varicocele recurrence is one of the most common complications associated with varicocele repair. A systematic review was performed to evaluate varicocele recurrence rates, anatomic causes of recurrence, and methods of management of recurrent varicoceles. The PubMed database was evaluated using keywords ＂recurrent＂ and ＂varicocele＂ as well as MEsH criteria ＂recurrent＂ and ＂varicocele.＂ Articles were not included that were not in English, represented single case reports, focused solely on subclinical varicocele, or focused solely on a pediatric population （age 〈18）. Rates of recurrence vary with the technique of varicocele repair from 0% to 35%. Anatomy of recurrence can be defined by venography. Management of varicocele recurrence can be surgical or via embolization.

关键词： infertility recurrence varicocele

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Meiotic crossover： what controls the breaks？

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2011年第2期13卷 191-192页

作者： katherine Ewen Peter Boag Department of Growth and Reproduction RigshospitaletCopenhagen Denmark Department of Biochemistryand Molecular Biology Monash University ClaytonAustralia

Meiotic crossover （CO） formation establishes the physical linkagesbetween duplicated meiotic chromosomes. These COs are required for the segregation of chromosomes into the developing gametes and subsequent exchange of genetic material between maternal and paternal chromo- somes. Ultimately, meiotic CO recombination represents the fundamental advantage of sexual reproduction and helps drive genetic diversity.

关键词： Cobalt Chromosomes Histones Regulations Economic distribution

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Chechens

Chechens

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作者： Layton katherine s.

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Models and detection of spontaneous recurrent seizures in laboratory rodents

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Zoological Research 2017年第4期38卷 171-179页

作者： Bin Gu katherine A. Dalton Department of Cell Biology and Physiology University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA Psychology & Neuroscience Program University of North Carofina Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA

Epilepsy, characterized by spontaneous recurrent seizures （sRs）, is a serious and common neurological disorder afflicting an estimated 1% of the population worldwide. Animal experiments, especially those utilizing small laboratory rodents, remain essential to understanding the fundamental mechanisms underlying epilepsy and to prevent, diagnose, and treat this disease. While much attention has been focused on epileptogenesis in animal models of epilepsy, there is little discussion on sRs, the hallmark of epilepsy. This is in part due to the technical difficulties of rigorous sRs detection. In this review, we comprehensively summarize both genetic and acquired models of sRs and discuss the methodology used to monitor and detect sRs in mice and rats.

关键词： spontaneous recurrent seizures Animal model Epilepsy

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Air-stable n-type transistors based on assembled aligned carbon nanotube arrays and their application in complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor electronics

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Nano Research 2022年第2期15卷 864-871页

作者： Zhen Li katherine R.Jinkins Dingzhou Cui Mingrui Chen Zhiyuan Zhao Michael s.Arnold Chongwu Zhou Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Scienceand Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia 90089USA Department of Materials science and Engineering University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWisconsin 53706USA

Carbon nanotubes(CNTs)are ideal candidates for beyond-silicon nano-electronics because of their high mobility and low-cost ***,assembled massively aligned CNTs have emerged as an important platform for semiconductor ***,realizing sophisticated complementary nano-electronics has been challenging due to the p-type nature of carbon nanotubes in *** of n-type behavior field effect transistors(FETs)based on assembled aligned CNT arrays is needed for advanced CNT *** in this paper,we report a scalable process to make n-type behavior FETs based on assembled aligned CNT ***-stable and high-performance n-type behavior CNT FETs are achieved with high yield by combining the atomic layer deposition dielectric and metal contact *** also systematically studied the contribution of metal contacts and atomic layer deposition passivation in determining the transistor *** on these experimental results,we report the successful demonstration of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor inverters with good performance,which paves the way for realizing the promising future of carbon nanotube nano-electronics.

关键词： carbon nanotube field effect transistor air-stable complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor

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Evolution for extreme living:variation in mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase genes correlated with elevation in pikas(genus Ochotona)

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第5期13卷 517-535页

作者： katherine A.sOLARI Elizabeth A.HADLY Department of Biology Stanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA Woods Institute for the Environment Stanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA Program for Conservation Genomics Stanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA

The genus Ochotona(pikas)is a clade of cold-tolerant lagomorphs that includes many high-elevation *** offer a unique opportunity to study adaptations and potential limitations of an ecologically important mammal to high-elevation *** analyzed the evolution of 3 mitochondrial genes encoding the catalytic core of cytochrome c oxidase(COX)in 10 pika species occupying elevations from sea level to 5000 *** is an enzyme highly reliant on oxygen and essential for cell *** amino acid property,the equilibrium constant(ionization of COOH),was found to be under selection in the overall protein *** observed a strong relationship between the net value change in this property and the elevation each species occupies,with higher-elevation species having potentially more efficient *** also found evidence of selection in low-elevation species for potentially less efficient COX,perhaps trading efficiency for heat production in the absence of *** results suggest that different pika species may have evolved elevation-specific COX proteins,specialization that may indicate limitations in their ability to shift their elevational ranges in response to future climate change.

关键词： COX cytochrome c oxidase hypoxia Ochotona pika

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surveillance of patients following surgery with curative intent for colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第28期13卷 3816-3823页

作者： steven Gan katherine Wilson Paul Hollington Department of surgery St George HospitalGray StreetKogarahNSW 2217Australia Department of surgery Flinders Medical CentreFlinders DriveBedford Park 5042AdelaideAustralia

surveillance after resection of colorectal cancer with curative intent is an important component of post- operative care. Clinical review, imaging, colonoscopy, and cost to the community are among significant issues to consider in planning a surveillance regime. This review aims to identify the available evidence for the use of surveillance and its individual components. The literature pertaining to follow-up of patients following potentially curative surgery for colorectal cancer was reviewed in order to formulate a summary of the wide range of clinical practice. There is evidence of improved survival of patients undergoing more intense follow-up compared with those having minimal surveillance, with an estimated overall 5-year gain of up to 10%. The efficacy of individual components of follow-up regimes remains unclear, but an overall package of 'intensive' follow-up including clinical review, liver imaging, and colonoscopy appears to be of benefit. It is cost-effective and can be specialist or community-based.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Colorectal carcinoma Follow-up surveillance Post-operative review Post-operative imaging Post-operative colonoscopy surveillance cost benefit

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Cryogel scaffolds: soft and easy to use tools for neural tissue culture

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第9期17卷 1981-1983页

作者： Ben Newland katherine R.Long school of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical sciences Cardiff UniversityCardiffUK Centre for Developmental Neurobiology Institute of PsychiatryPsychology and NeuroscienceKing’s College LondonMRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental DisordersKing’s College LondonLondonUK

The mammalian central nervous system(CNs)is highly complex,with a vast array of processes and interactions occurring in a dynamic and often transient *** these processes are combined to regulate our behavior remains poorly *** has in turn led to a lack of understanding of how these processes have gone awry in the many disorders of the nervous *** order to address this,researchers need a controlled way to manipulate the nervous system in in vitro and ex vivo cultures,in both a specific area and for a specific period of time to start to pick apart these *** date,this has been technically challenging,especially when modeling focal injury to the CNs or when working with human brain tissue.

关键词： culture neural transient

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Assessing the reproductive health of men with occupational exposures

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第1期16卷 23-30页

作者： steven M schrader katherine L Marlow Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Division of Applied Research and Technology Cincinnati OH USA.

The earliest report linking environmental （occupational） exposure to adverse human male reproductive effects dates back to1775 when an English physician, Percival Pott, reported a high incidence of scrotal cancer in chimney sweeps. This observation led to safety regulations in the form of bathing requirements for these workers. The fact that male-mediated reproductive harm in humans may be a result of toxicant exposures did not become firmly established until relatively recently, when Lancranjan studied lead-exposed workers in Romania in 1975, and later in 1977, when Whorton examined the effects of dibromochloropropane （DBCP） on male workers in California. since these discoveries, several additional human reproductive toxicants have been identified through the convergence of laboratory and observational findings. Many research gaps remain, as the pool of potential human exposures with undetermined effects on male reproduction is vast. This review provides an overview of methods used to study the effects of exposures on male reproduction and their reproductive health, with a primary emphasis on the implementation and interpretation of human studies. Emphasis will be on occupational exposures, although much of the information is also useful in assessing environmental studies, occupational exposures are usually much higher and better defined.

关键词： accessory glands endocrine epidemiology semen sexual function sperm testis toxicology

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