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Fluoride contamination in groundwater:A global review of the status,processes,challenges,and remedial measures

Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第2期15卷 1-29页

作者： E.Shaji k.v.sarath M.Santosh P.k.krishnaprasad B.k.Arya Manisha S.Babu Department of Geology University of KeralaKariavattom CampusThiruvananthapuramKerala 695581India School of Earth Sciences and Resources China University of Geosciences(Beijing)29 Xueyuan RoadBeijing 100083China Department of Earth Science University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia Department of Geology Central University of KeralaTejaswini HillsPeriyeKasaragodKerala 671316India

Groundwater pollution by fluoride is one of the prime concerns of the world population due to its toxicity,which results in adverse health *** this paper,we review the current scenario of the fluoride contamination of groundwater in various countries across the globe and its impact on human *** the last decade,several newly affected regions have been reported all over the world,with more than 100 countries affected by fluoride contamination in groundwater(concentration exceeding the acceptable limit of 1.5 mg/L defined by the World Health Organization).Fluoride poisoning is mainly due to the unsupervised ingestion of products for dental and oral hygiene and over-fluoridated drinking *** is estimated that more than 200 million people from different countries are affected by fluoriderelated groundwater issues and health *** highest among these are from the countries in Africa(38),Asia(28),and Europe(24),followed by countries like South America(5),North America(3),and Australia(2).The source of fluoride in drinking water is primarily geogenic,together with forage,grasses and grains,tea,and anthropogenic *** countries affected were correlated with climatic zones and geological factors to gain insights into geospatial *** analyses show that most of the fluoride pollution-prone zones are located in high-grade metamorphic terranes with granitoid or alkaline intrusions,geothermal hot springs,and volcanic regions with arid or semi-arid climatic *** study also finds that children across the globe are more vulnerable than adults to fluoride *** review finds that,although there are efficient fluoride removal techniques,including filters with next-generation nanomaterials,to date,there has not been a single technique developed that can claim to be a practically robust solution for fluoride removal from drinking ***,we suggest developing next-generation filters that can retain essential miner

关键词： Fluoride Groundwater Water contamination WHO standards Climate zones Remediation Sustainable Development Goals

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Arsenic contamination of groundwater:A global synopsis with focus on the Indian Peninsula

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第3期12卷 1-18页

作者： E.Shaji M.Santosh k.v.sarath Pranav Prakash v.Deepchand B.v.Divya Department of Geology University of KeralaKariavattom CampusTrivandrum 695581India School of Earth Sciences and Resources China University of Geosciences(Beijing)29 Xueyuan RoadBeijing 100083China Department of Earth Science University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia

More than 2.5 billion people on the globe rely on groundwater for drinking and providing high-quality drinking water has become one of the major challenges of human *** groundwater is considered as safe,high concentrations of heavy metals like arsenic(As)can pose potential human health concerns and *** this paper,we present an overview of the current scenario of arsenic contamination of groundwater in various countries across the globe with an emphasis on the Indian *** several newly affected regions reported during the last decade,a significant increase has been observed in the global scenario of arsenic *** is estimated that nearly 108 countries are affected by arsenic contamination in groundwater with concentration beyond maximum permissible limit of 10 ppb recommended by the World Health *** highest among these are from Asia(32)and Europe(31),followed by regions like Africa(20),North America(11),South America(9)and Australia(4).More than 230 million people worldwide,which include 180 million from Asia,are at risk of arsenic *** Asian countries,Bangladesh,India,Pakistan,China,Nepal,vietnam,Burma,Thailand and Cambodia,are the most *** India,20 states and 4 Union Territories have so far been affected by arsenic contamination in *** attempt to evaluate the correlation between arsenic poisoning and aquifer type shows that the groundwater extracted from unconsolidated sedimentary aquifers,particularly those which are located within the younger orogenic belts of the world,are the worst *** than 90%of arsenic pollution is inferred to be *** infer that alluvial sediments are the major source for arsenic contamination in groundwater and we postulate a strong relation with plate tectonic processes,mountain building,erosion and *** consumption of arsenic-contaminated groundwater results in severe health issues like skin,lung,kidney and bladder ca

关键词： Arsenic contamination Groundwater Indo-Gangetic alluvium Orogenic belts Global tectonics Asia

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Effects of dissolved oxygen on intestinal bacterial community and immunity of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2023年第1期41卷 364-375页

作者： Shihong XU Yanfeng WANG Caixia GAO sarath BABU v Jun LI Qinghua LIU Zhizhong XIAO Yingxuan XU Chunyan ZHAO Li LIN Liang CHI Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine College of FisheriesHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China College of veterinary Medicine Qingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdao 266109China Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine Team State Key Laboratory of Veterinary BiotechnologyHarbin Veterinary Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS)Harbin 150069China CAS key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl BreedingZhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringGuangzhou 510225China University College London London WC1E 6BTUnited Kingdom School of Marine Science and Engineering Qingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdao 266109China

Dissolved oxygen(DO)is one of most important factors which affect wide range physiologic features of including immune responses and intestinal bacterial ***,the underlying mechanisms remain *** address this question,the intestinal bacterial community compositions and the immune features of Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar)grown in recirculating aquaculture systems(RAS)were *** were reared under different DO saturation levels,e.g.,200% saturation named high group(H),100%saturation named control group(Ck),and 60%saturation named lower group(L).Large variations in the operational taxonomic units(OTUs)frequency distribution for the intestinal bacterial community of Atlantic salmon were *** intestinal bacterial community of all groups was dominated mainly by three phyla,e.g.,***,and ***,Acinetobacter baumannii,an opportunistic pathogen of salmon was increased significantly in L *** further monitored the immunity features of fish under different DO *** results show that leucocyte number,cortisol level,the expressions of interleukin-1β(IL-1β),Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4),and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain like protein 2(NOD2)were higher at significant levels in the L group than those in the other two ***4 and NOD2 are usually related with the bacterial infections;therefore,it is reasonable to believe that the stronger immune responses observed in the L group might be related with the higher abundance of *** in the inte stine of Atlantic ***,these findings demonstrated that low DO level may induce stronger immunity responses in Atlantic salmon.

关键词： Atlantic salmon dissolved oxygen(DO) immune responses microbiota intestine

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Hepatoprotective activity of Terminalia paniculata against paracetamol induced hepatocellular damage in Wistar albino rats

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011年第6期4卷 466-469页

作者： Eesha BR Mohanbabu Amberkar v Meena kumari k sarath babu vijay M Lalit M Rajput R Department of Pharmacology Kasturba Medical CollegeManipal UniversityKarnatakaIndia

Objective:To evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of Terminalia paniculata against paracetamol induced hepatic damage in ***:The plant material was shade dried, powdered and extracted with *** 52 and silymarin were used as standard drugs and 2%gum acacia as a control(vehicle).Alteration in the levels of biochemical markers of hepatic damage like AST,ALT,ALP and lipid peroxides were tested,and phytochemical tests were also ***:Paracetamol(2 g/kg) increased the serum levels of alanine aminotransfer (ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and the lipid peroxides. Treatment of Liv 52,silymarin and ethanolic extract of Terminalia paniculata(200 mg/kg) altered levels of biochemical marker and showed significant hepatoprotective *** extract revealed the presence of phenolic compound and *** findings suggested that ethanolic bark extract of Terminalia paniculata possessed hepatoprotective activity in a dose dependent ***:Terminalia paniculata possesses hepatoprotective *** could be an effective and promising preventive agent against PCT induced hepatotoxicity.

关键词： Terminalia paniculata Hepatoprotection Paracetamol Liv 52 Silymarin

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Inhibition of Fish Nodavirus by Gymnemagenol Extracted from Gymnema sylvestre

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2011年第4期10卷 402-408页

作者： v.Gopiesh khanna k.kannabiran v.sarath Babu A.S.Sahul Hameed School of Biosciences and Technology VIT University Aquaculture Biotechnology Division Department of ZoologyC.Abdul Hakeem College

viral nervous necrosis(vNN)has emerged to become a major problem in the culture of larval and juvenile marine fish *** phytochemicals isolated from commonly available medicinal plants are often screened for their efficacy in controlling fish viral *** of newer viral strains and resistance to existing antiviral drugs are problems currently as-sociated with treatment of vNN,which necessitates looking for alternate sources for effective antiviral *** aim of the present study was to screen antiviral potential of gymnemagenol(C30H50O4)previously extracted from leaves of Gymnema *** fish nodavirus,grouper nervous necrosis virus(GNNv)in infected Sahul Indian Grouper Eye(SIGE)cell lines were used to study the antiviral activity of gymnemagenol under in vitro *** susceptibility of the virus to gymnemagenol was confirmed by measuring the viral titre(TCID50 mL?1)in virus-infected SIGE cells every 24 *** at 20 μg mL?1 inhibited the prolifera-tion of GNNv to 53% at the end of the 6th d by inhibiting the proliferation of GNNv-infected SIGE *** viable SIGE cells were reduced to 47% as determined by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT)*** viral titre(TCID50 mL?1)was also reduced to log 2.8 at the end of the 7th d in gymnemagenol-treated SIGE cells after inoculated with GNNv when compared to untreated control SIGE cell viral titre(log 4.1).Based on our results it can be concluded that gymnemagenol could be used as an antiviral agent against GNNv infection.

关键词： Gymnema sylvestre gymnemagenol grouper 紧张的坏死病毒 Sahul 印度 Grouper 眼睛房间线

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罗氏沼虾谷氨酰胺合成酶基因的克隆与表达

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水产学报 2019年第3期43卷 549-562页

作者：卢志杰叶成凯 sarath Babu v 张晓君刘晓丹赵丽娟潘淦林蠡华南师范大学生命科学学院广东省水产健康安全养殖重点实验室仲恺农业工程学院动物科技学院广东省水环境与水产品安全工程技术研究中心广州市水产病害与水禽养殖重点实验室扬州大学动物科技学院

谷氨酰胺合成酶(glutamine synthetase, GS)是一种广泛分布在动植物体内的酶,并参与细胞多种代谢调控。在甲壳动物中,GS在能量代谢和渗透压调节过程中起着重要作用。实验克隆了罗氏沼虾GS基因。GS基因cDNA全长1 965 bp,开放读码框(ORF)... 详细信息

谷氨酰胺合成酶(glutamine synthetase, GS)是一种广泛分布在动植物体内的酶,并参与细胞多种代谢调控。在甲壳动物中,GS在能量代谢和渗透压调节过程中起着重要作用。实验克隆了罗氏沼虾GS基因。GS基因cDNA全长1 965 bp,开放读码框(ORF)为1 086 bp,编码361个氨基酸(aa),分子量大小为40.75 ku,等电点为5.81。进化树分析发现,罗氏沼虾GS基因与凡纳滨对虾、斑节对虾和中国明对虾GS聚为一支,氨基酸相似性达到95%。氨基酸多序列比对分析结果显示,罗氏沼虾GS属于无脊椎动物分支的GSⅡ群,有5个保守区域。实验对罗氏沼虾GS蛋白进行表达并制备了多克隆抗体。采用荧光定量PCR技术(qRT-PCR)和免疫印迹(Western blot)对罗氏沼虾蜕壳前后的不同组织GS表达进行检测。qRT-PCR结果显示,GS基因在所检测的8个组织中均有表达;蜕壳前,其相对表达量顺序为:肝胰脏>肌肉>胃>肠>鳃>心脏>脑>血淋巴。蜕壳后和蜕壳前GS基因在组织中的差异表达比较结果显示,除了在肝胰脏表达下调外,其他7个组织都表达升高,其相对表达量的差异顺序为:脑>鳃>胃>肠>肌肉>心脏>血淋巴。Westernblot结果显示,蜕壳后GS蛋白在鳃和肌肉组织表达量上调,与其mRNA表达一致。此外,罗氏沼虾蜕壳后肝胰脏GS酶的活性和谷氨酰胺的含量下调,而其在鳃、肌肉和血淋巴中上调,结果与其基因表达一致。研究表明,GS基因在不同组织中表达的差异可能和罗氏沼虾的能量代谢、渗透压调节有关。

关键词：罗氏沼虾谷氨酰胺合成酶组织表达蜕壳

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罗氏沼虾几丁质酶3B基因的克隆及其在蜕皮周期中的表达

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水产学报 2019年第4期43卷 751-762页

作者：叶成凯卢志杰 sarath Babu v 张晓君刘晓丹赵丽娟潘淦林蠡仲恺农业工程学院动物科技学院广东省水环境与水产品安全工程技术研究中心广州市水产病害与水禽养殖重点实验室华南师范大学生命科学学院广东省水产健康安全养殖重点实验室扬州大学动物科技学院

罗氏沼虾的生长发育及繁殖都与蜕皮紧密相关。几丁质酶是甲壳动物在蜕皮过程中最重要的酶之一。本研究对罗氏沼虾蜕皮周期外观特征和腹肢刚毛进行了观察描述,克隆并分析了罗氏沼虾的几丁质酶Ⅲ基因(MrChi3B),制备了几丁质酶Ⅲ蛋白的多... 详细信息

罗氏沼虾的生长发育及繁殖都与蜕皮紧密相关。几丁质酶是甲壳动物在蜕皮过程中最重要的酶之一。本研究对罗氏沼虾蜕皮周期外观特征和腹肢刚毛进行了观察描述,克隆并分析了罗氏沼虾的几丁质酶Ⅲ基因(MrChi3B),制备了几丁质酶Ⅲ蛋白的多克隆抗体,研究了其在蜕皮周期中的表达。罗氏沼虾几丁质酶基因cDNA的开放阅读框为1 143 bp,编码380个氨基酸,大小为41.91 ku。通过氨基酸序列比对发现,MrChi3B与日本沼虾几丁质酶基因(Chi3B)的同源性最高,为94%。MrChi3B含有一个糖苷键水解酶家族18的催化域。实时定量PCR (qRT-PCR)和蛋白印迹法(WB)检测结果显示,MrChi3B在罗氏沼虾多个组织中均有表达,但是不同组织中的表达有差异。在蜕皮期之后,其在胃、表皮和肌肉中的表达量显著上升。在胃中其表达量在蜕皮间期达到最高;在表皮和肌肉中其表达量在蜕皮后期达到最高;肠中的表达量在蜕皮前期和蜕皮期有所上升;眼柄期的表达量在所有蜕皮期都偏低。本研究结果为进一步研究几丁质酶的功能提供参考依据。

关键词：罗氏沼虾几丁质酶基因克隆蜕皮周期表达

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抑制肠道气呼吸大鳞副泥鳅主要呼吸器官的组织病理

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水产学报 2020年第5期44卷 845-857页

作者：王玟秀秦真东 sarath Babu v 周萌梁日深莫金凤吴灶和张轩赵丽娟林蠡仲恺农业工程学院动物科技学院广东省水环境与水产品安全工程技术研究中心广州市水产病害与水禽养殖重点实验室广州市华轩水产有限公司

为了阐明肠道气呼吸对泥鳅的生理作用,本研究通过抑制大鳞副泥鳅肠道气呼吸,探究其主要呼吸器官的组织病理变化。结果显示,被抑制肠道气呼吸的大鳞副泥鳅通常在1周左右死亡。当被抑制肠道气呼吸的大鳞副泥鳅出现垂死时,采集对照组和实... 详细信息

为了阐明肠道气呼吸对泥鳅的生理作用,本研究通过抑制大鳞副泥鳅肠道气呼吸,探究其主要呼吸器官的组织病理变化。结果显示,被抑制肠道气呼吸的大鳞副泥鳅通常在1周左右死亡。当被抑制肠道气呼吸的大鳞副泥鳅出现垂死时,采集对照组和实验组的鳃、皮肤、前肠、中肠、后肠以及直肠进行苏木素—伊红(H.E)染色、阿利新蓝—高碘酸雪夫氏(AB-PAS)染色组织切片观察和扫描电镜观察,主要的病理变化:①H.E染色结果显示实验组大鳞副泥鳅鳃丝末端充血,背部皮肤表皮层的毛细血管收缩并减少,且真皮层细胞呈畸形,前肠黏膜褶膨大,后肠浆膜层有血红细胞渗出,后肠、直肠结缔组织显著增厚;②AB-PAS染色结果显示,实验组大鳞副泥鳅鳃、背部皮肤、后肠、直肠组织中嗜酸性空泡细胞均增多,前肠和中肠固有层酸性黏蛋白含量增多,黏膜下层中性黏蛋白含量减少;③扫描电镜结果显示,实验组大鳞副泥鳅鳃丝鳃小片表面皱缩,表皮受损脱落,背部皮肤表面分泌孔增加,中肠内腔表面突起增多,后肠和直肠絮状颗粒增多。研究表明,抑制大鳞副泥鳅肠道气呼吸会引发其主要呼吸器官上皮组织出现黏液细胞增多、血红细胞溢出等病理变化,甚至导致机体死亡,由此可知,肠道气呼吸行为是大鳞副泥鳅的必要生理活动。本研究将为大鳞副泥鳅的健康养殖及幼苗培育提供新的参考。

关键词：大鳞副泥鳅气呼吸抑制呼吸器官组织病理

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A novel strain of <i>Trichoderma viride</i>shows complete lignocellulolytic activities

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2012年第8期3卷 1160-1166页

作者： kannan Neethu M. Rubeena S. Sajith S. Sreedevi Prakasan Priji k. N. Unni M. k. sarath Josh v. N. Jisha S. Pradeep Sailas Benjamin Enzyme Technology Laboratory Biotechnology Division Department of Botany University of Calicut Malappuram India

In this study we describe a novel dark-green strain of Trichoderma viride exhibiting complete ensemble of cellulase, hemicellulase and ligninase activities on specific plate assays. To assess the cellulase production in detail, basal salt medium (BSM) was fortified with synthetic (carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), glucose, sucrose, dextrose, lactose or maltose) and natural (flours of banana, banana peel, jack seed, potato or tapioca) carbon as well as nitrogen (yeast extract, beef extract, peptone, NaNO3 or NH4NO3) sources. Temperature and pH optima were 28°C and 4, respectively for the growth of the fungus in CMC-BSM with 137 U/mL cellulase activity, which was enhanced to 173 U/mL at 1.25% CMC concentration. Flours of potato and banana peel supported comparable yields of cellulase to that of CMC, while sodium nitrate was the preferred nitrogen source. The water soluble bluish-green pigment (a probable siderophore) extracted from the spores showed an absorption maximum at 292 nm. To sum up, the complete lignocellulolytic potential of this fungus offers great industrial significance, coupled with the production of a new pigment.

关键词： Trichoderma viride Morphology Liquid Fermentation Bluish-Green Pigment

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Lignocellulolytic activities of a novel strain of <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i>

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2013年第2期4卷 214-221页

作者： M. Rubeena kannan Neethu S. Sajith S. Sreedevi Prakasan Priji k. N. Unni M. k. sarath Josh v. N. Jisha S. Pradeep Sailas Benjamin Enzyme Technology Laboratory Biotechnology Division Department of Botany University of Calicut Malappuram India

This study describes a novel dark-green spore producing strain of Trichoderma harzianum exhibiting higher activities of cellulase, hemicellulase and ligninase on specific plate assays. To assess the cellulase production in detail, basal salt medium (BSM) was supplemented with synthetic [carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), glucose, sucrose, dextrose, lactose or maltose] and natural (flours of banana, banana peel, jack seed, potato or tapioca) carbon as well as nitrogen (yeast extract, beef extract, peptone, NaNO3 or NH4NO3) sources. Temperature and pH optima were 28?C and 4, respectively for the growth of the fungus in CMC- BSM with 146 U/ml cellulase activity. Flours of potato and banana supported comparable yields of cellulase to that of CMC (147 U/ml and 168 U/ml, respectively), while sodium nitrate was the preferred nitrogen source (150 U/ml). The water soluble yellowish-green pigment (a probable siderophore) extracted from the spores showed an absorption maximum at 414 nm. To comprise, this fungus shows the complete lignocellulolytic potential which offers great industrial significance, especially for the ethanol production from the lignocellulosic waste coupled with the production of a new pigment.

关键词： Trichoderma harzianum Morphology Submerged Fermentation Yellowish-Green Pigment

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