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A global meta-analysis of woody plant responses to elevated CO_(2):implications on biomass,growth,leaf N content,photosynthesis and water relations

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Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 723-743页

作者： Mthunzi Mndela julius t.tjelele Ignacio C.Madakadze Mziwanda Mangwane Igshaan M.Samuels Francuois Muller Hosia t.Pule Applied Behavioural Ecology and Ecosystem Research Unit(ABEERU) Department of Environmental SciencesUNISAPrivate Bag X6Florida 1710South Africa Agricultural Research Council APIP/Bag X02IrenePretoria 0062South Africa University of Pretoria P/Bag X20HatfieldPretoria 0028South Africa

Background:Atmospheric CO_(2)may double by the year 2100,thereby altering plant growth,photosynthesis,leaf nutrient contents and water ***,atmospheric CO_(2)is currently 50%higher than pre-industrial levels and is projected to rise as high as 936μmol mol^(−1)under worst-case scenario in *** objective of the study was to investigate the effects of elevated CO_(2)on woody plant growth,production,photosynthetic characteristics,leaf N and water ***:A meta-analysis of 611 observations from 100 peer-reviewed articles published from 1985 to 2021 was *** selected articles in which elevated CO_(2)and ambient CO_(2)range from 600–1000 and 300–400μmol mol^(−1),*** CO_(2)was categorized into700μmol mol^(−1)***:total biomass increased similarly across the three elevated CO_(2)concentrations,with leguminous trees(Lts)investing more biomass to shoot,whereas non-leguminous trees(NLts)invested to root *** area index,shoot height,and light-saturated photosynthesis(A_(max))were unresponsive att increased significantly at 700 and>700μmol mol^(−1).However,shoot biomass and A_(max)acclimatized as the duration of woody plants exposure to elevated CO_(2)*** rate of photosynthetic Rubisco carboxylation(V_(cmax))and apparent maximum rate of photosynthetic electron transport(J_(max))were *** CO_(2)reduced stomatal conductance(g_(s))by 32%on average and increased water use efficiency by 34,43 and 63%for700μmol mol^(−1),*** N content decreased two times more in NLts than Lts growing at elevated CO_(2)than ambient CO_(2).Conclusions:Our results suggest that woody plants will benefit from elevated CO_(2)through increased photosyn-thetic rate,productivity and improved water status,but the responses will vary by woody plant traits and length of exposure to elevated CO_(2).

关键词： Atmospheric CO_(2) Biomass production Leaf nitrogen content Meta-analysis Photosynthetic rate Stomatal conductance Water use efficiency Woody plants

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Prevalence of Work-Aggravated Asthma among Bakery Workers in Abidjan (Cote d’Ivoire)

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Health 2024年第3期16卷 204-217页

作者： Loukou Leandre Konan Esme Marie Laure Essis Brou Michel Kouassi Marius Kedote julius Fobil William Yavo Ossey Bernard Yapo Issaka tiembre National Institute of Public Health Abidjan Cote d’Ivoire Interuniversity Doctoral Program Cotonou Benin Medical Sciences training and Research Unit Department of Public Health and Biostatistics Felix Houphouet Boigny University Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire Global Environmental Occupational Health (GEOHealth) Accra Ghana UFR of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences Department of Public Health Felix Houphou&#235t Boigny University Abidjan Cote d’Ivoire Nangui Abrogoua University Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire National Institute of Public Hygiene Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire

Introduction: Work-aggravated asthma is pre-existing or concomitant asthma whose symptoms are aggravated by the work environment. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of this pathology and its associated factors among bakery workers in Abidjan. Materials and Methods: this descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of four (4) months from 18 December 2019 to 18 April 2020. two questionnaires were used, one on employees and the other on the indoor environment of bakeries. In addition, a spirometry test was performed on all bakery workers. Statistical analysis was performed using stata 15.1 software. Results: A total of 599 bakery employees, including bakers (59.73%), sales assistants/ cashiers (23.52%), cleaners (6.34%) and administrative staff (10.18%), were investigated. the mean age was 30.8 ± 8 years, with a sex ratio (M/F) = 2.2. Asthma symptoms were found in 95 (15.86%) employees, of whom 74 (77.9%) had work-related asthma and 11 (14.9%) had asthma aggravated by work. the factors associated with work-aggravated asthma were personal or family history of allergy or atopy [ORa = 3.75;CI95%: 1.56 - 8.93;p = 0.003], exposure to dust [ORa = 5.01;CI95%: 1.43 - 7.50;p = 0.011] and humidity level (60% - 70%) [ORa = 1.80;CI 95%: 0.99 - 3.28;p = 0.05]. Conclusion: Work-aggravated asthma is a reality in bakeries in Abidjan, with an estimated prevalence of 14.9%. two of the three factors associated with this condition suggest a link with indoor air pollution. Combating air pollution in these establishments must therefore be a priority for the relevant authorities, in order to provide employees with a working environment that protects their health.

关键词： Work-Aggravated Asthma Occupational Asthma Work-Related Asthma Bakeries Abidjan Ivory Coast

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LONG-tERM RIGOROUS NUMERICAL INtEGRAtION OF NAVIER-StOKES EQUAtION BY NEWtON-GMRES ItERAtION

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transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics 2013年第3期30卷 248-251页

作者： julius Rhoan t.Lustro Lennaert van Veen Genta Kawahara College of Engineering and Agro-Industrial technology University of the Philippines Los Banos Faculty of Science University of Ontario Institute of Technology Department of Mechanical Science and Bioengineering Osaka University1-3 Machikaneyama

the recent result of an orbit continuation algorithm has provided a rigorous method for long-term numerical integration of an orbit on the unstable manifold of a periodic *** algorithm is matrix-free and employs a combination of the Newton-Raphson method and the Krylov subspace ***,the algorithm adopts a multiple shooting method to address the problem of orbital instability due to long-term numerical *** algorithm is described through computing the extension of unstable manifold of a recomputed Nagata′s lowerbranch steady solution of plane Couette flow,which is an example of an exact coherent state that has recently been studied in subcritical transition to turbulence.

关键词： long-term numerical integration Newton-Raphson iteration general minimal residual(GMRES) multiple shooting unstable manifold

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Microstructure transformation of Undercooled Cu-Ni-Co Alloy and Refinement Mechanism under High Undercooling

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Journal of Wuhan University of technology(Materials Science) 2023年第2期38卷 440-444页

作者： AN Hongen Willey Liew Yun Hsien Nancy julius Siambun Bih-Li Chuab YANG Mengmeng YAN Wei LI Hongtao Faculty of Engineering University Malaysia SabahKota Kinabalu88400Malaysia College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering Huanghe Jiaotong UniversityJiaozuo454950China Henan Engineering technology Research Center on Intelligent Manufacturing technology and Equipment Jiaozuo454950China

the molten Cu60Ni35Co5 ternary alloy was undercooled by fluxing method and solidified by natural cooling *** microstructure of all undercooled samples were *** is found that the rapidly solidified Cu60Ni35Co5 alloy has undergone two grain refinement phenomena within the undercooling range,and its microstructure and morphology change with the undercooling through the transformation process of“coarse dendrite-equiaxed dendrite-oriented fine dendrite-equiaxed crystal”.the refined structure with the maximum undercooling?t of 253 K was selected for electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)and transmission electron microscopy(tEM)*** results show that the refined structure contains a high proportion of large angle grain boundaries(LAGBs),a large number of randomly oriented grains,and high proportion of twins,while tEM results show that the dislocation density in most areas is relatively *** above characteristics confirm that the solidification structure is refined due to recrystallization behavior under high undercooling.

关键词： microstructure grain refinement recrystallization

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Simplified modeling of electromagnets for dynamic simulation of transient effects for a synchronous electric motor

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International Journal of Mechanical System Dynamics 2021年第1期1卷 89-95页

作者： Florian Bechler julius Kesten Florian Wittemann Frank Henning Martin Doppelbauer Peter Eberhard Institute of Engineering and Computational Mechanics University of StuttgartStuttgartGermany Institute of Electrical Engineering Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)KarlsruheGermany Institute of Vehicle System technology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)KarlsruheGermany

this study aims to show an approach for the dynamic simulation of a synchro-nous *** magnetic forces in the air gap are calculated efficiently using simplified approaches without neglecting important *** the modeling of the magnetic forces,an equivalent magnetic circuit is constructed in which the magnetic saturation and the leakage flux are taken into account and coupled with the electrical circuit at the *** calculated magnetic forces are then passed to a mechanical model of the *** with a predefinable load torque,the resulting motor rotation and the forces in the bearings are *** presented model is then investigated in a small *** novel ap-proach is intended to provide a method of calculating dynamically the forces transmitted from the shaft to the motor housing and to create the basis for evaluating electric motors for vibrations,noise,and harshness under varying loads and input voltages.

关键词： dynamic simulation electromagnet electromagnet modeling magnetomotive forces

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Physiological Responses to Agonist-Antagonist Superset Resistance training

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2021年第4期3卷 355-363页

作者： julius Fink Brad Jon Schoenfeld Mikako Sakamaki-Sunaga Koichi Nakazato Department of Urology Graduate School of MedicineJuntendo University2-1-1HongoBunkyo-kuTokyo 113-8421Japan Department of Health Sciences Lehman CollegeBronxNYUSA Graduate Schools of Health and Sport Science Nippon Sport Science UniversityTokyoJapan

Purpose to investigate the physiological responses to low-load,superset resistance training(two exercises for the agonist and antagonist muscles performed without rest between exercises)to failure using elastic *** twenty-three athletes were randomized to either a superset group(S,n=12,average age:19.8±1.5 years)or a traditional set group(t,n=11,average age:20.1±1.4 years).Strength,cross-sectional area(CSA)and muscular endurance of the biceps and triceps brachii were assessed before and after 8 *** responses(muscle thickness)were measured during one testing *** Muscle thickness of the biceps significantly increased in both t group(Pter a single bout of *** triceps did not show significant increases in either t group(P>0.05)or S group(P>0.05).Blood lactate also increased in both groups after one bout of training(t:from 1.3±0.3 to 5.5±2.4 mmol/L,S:from 1.4±0.5 to 5.1±1.5 mmol/L,Pter 8-week training,both groups showed significant increases in the biceps(t:13.2%±5.0%;S:12.9%±7.3%,Ptriceps(t:9.5%±9.3%,S:4.8%±4.1%,Pthout differences between *** in one repetition maximum for the bench press(7.8%±6.5%,Ptary contraction for the arm extensors(9.3%±11.6%,Pthe t group *** in muscular endurance were observed only in the S group for the bench press(26.0%±19.1%,Pthe barbell curl(17.2%±16.6%,Pt training may enhance muscular endurance while attenuating maximal strength *** does not appear to be a hypertrophic benefit to performing superset training,but it may provide a time-efficient strategy to achieve adaptations in muscle mass.

关键词： Muscle hypertrophy Strength Endurance thickness Cross-sectional area

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Higher-order exceptional points in waveguidecoupled microcavities:perturbation induced frequency splitting and mode patterns

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Photonics Research 2023年第10期11卷 I0011-I0021页

作者： julius KULLIG DANIEL GROM SEBAStIAN KLEMBt JAN WIERSIG Institut für Physik Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg39106 MagdeburgGermany technische Physik and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat Physikalisches Institut and Wilhelm-Conrad-Röntgen-Research Center for Complex Material SystemsAm HublandUniversity of Würzburg97070 WürzburgGermany

Exceptional points are degeneracies in the spectrum of non-Hermitian open systems where at least two eigenfrequencies and simultaneously the corresponding eigenstates of the Hamiltonian ***,the robust construction of higher-order exceptional points with more than two degenerate eigenfrequencies and eigenstates is challenging but yet worthwhile for *** this paper,we reconsider the formation of higher-order exceptional points through waveguide-coupled microring cavities and asymmetric *** this context,we demonstrate the influence of perturbations on the frequency splitting of the *** generate higher-order exceptional points in a simple and robust way,a mirror-induced asymmetric backscattering approach is *** addition to the exceptional-point enhanced sensing capabilities of such systems,also a cavity-selective sensitivity is achieved for particle *** results are motivated by an effective Hamiltonian description and verified by full numerical simulations of the dielectric structure.

关键词： structure exceptional splitting

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NEtWORK MANAGEMENt WItH SECURED MOBILE AGENt

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Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong university(Science) 2002年第2期7卷 204-210页

作者： julius M.t.Rwakarambi(迈克尔) XU Liang-xian(徐良贤) Dept. of Computer Science Shanghai Jiaotong Univ. Shanghai 200030 China Dept. of Computer Science Shanghai Jiaotong Univ. Shanghai 200030 China

Network management scheme must consider security challenges for the Mobile Agent paradigm to be accepted in the Internet computing world. techniques to provide security solutions have been proposed and some have achieved good results. For example, it is possible to launch a code with a guarantee that it cannot attack the hosting sites. the main problem remaining, however, is protecting the mobile code against malicious service providers, the host problem. this paper proposed a Mobile Agent management scheme in a hierarchical level that provides to user a reliable and flexible global access to internet/network information services. We further described a protection mechanism to Mobile Agents against malicious hosts. As an effort to address host problems we first identify the kinds of attack that may be performed by malicious hosts, and propose a mechanism to prevent these attacks. At each agent host we introduce a trusted third party entity on each server called Secure Service Station (SSS) to carry out security actions.

关键词： Mobile Agent (MA) Domain Manager (DM) Manager of Managers (MoMs) Secure Service Station (SSS) Execution Environment (EE)

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Effectiveness of Macroinvertebrate Species to Discern Pollution Levels in Aquatic Environment

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Open Journal of Ecology 2021年第4期11卷 357-373页

作者： julius D. Elias tanzania Industrial Research and Development Organization (tIRDO) Dar es Salaam Tanzania

the World is transforming more rapidly than ever before as a result of urbanization and industrialization. Such unrelenting destruction of nature has surpassed the capacity of mother Earth to support the aquatic ecosystem. Apart from freshwater macroinvertebrate species, there is no single measure of declining freshwater ecosystem that can capture either the short and long-term changes or the trend of overall freshwater ecosystem health. In that regard, the macroinvertebrates and physico-chemical variables were used as surrogates to determine levels of impairment within and between Pangani and Wami-Ruvu rivers’ basins in tanzania. Spatial distribution of macroinvertebrate communities in the basins is significantly influenced by varying levels of environmental variables as a result of geomorphology and improper land uses. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) ordination showed two distinct patterns of biometrics that clearly discriminate reference sites from monitoring sites at each basin and consequently demonstrate the differences in water quality and physical habitat between the site categories. Similarly, distinctive macroinvertebrate species were observed and varied considerably among the site categories in the studied rivers as a function of tolerance levels. Impacted sites are characterized by either absence of any sensitive taxa or presence of few if any;greater dominance of only a few taxa that are tolerant to pollution. therefore, the more diverse orders with a wider range of occurrences and tolerance to pollution (Ephemeroptera (E), Diptera (D), Odonata (O) and trichoptera (t)) can be considered as potential bio-indicators in developing biomonitoring index for tropical African Rivers as they showed a significant discriminating power that separated reference from monitoring sites.

关键词： Macro-Invertebrate Biomonitoring Bio-Indicator Freshwater Pollution and tolerance

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Non-Hermitian degeneracies of internal–external mode pairs in dielectric microdisks

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Photonics Research 2019年第4期7卷 464-472页

作者： CHANG-HWAN YI julius KULLIG MARtINA HENtSCHEL JAN WIERSIG Institut für Physik Otto-von-Guericke-Universit?t Magdeburg Institut für Physik Technische Universit?t Ilmenau

Open quantum and wave systems can exhibit non-Hermitian degeneracies called exceptional points, where both the eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenstates coalesce. Previously, such exceptional points have been investigated in dielectric microcavities in terms of optical modes which are well confined inside the cavity. However,beside these so-called "internal modes" with a relatively high quality factor, there exists another kind of mode called "external modes," which have a large decay rate and almost zero intensity inside the cavity. In the present paper, we demonstrate the physical significance of the external modes via the occurrence of exceptional points of internal–external mode pairs for transverse electric polarization. Our numerical studies show that these exceptional points can be achieved by either a boundary deformation of the microdisk or by introducing absorption into a circular cavity.

关键词： electric optical wave can via Our be

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