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evaluating implicit gender bias at Canadian otolaryngology meetings through use of professional title

World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第1期10卷 12-17页

作者： Kylen Van Osch Agnieszka Dzioba Khadija Ahmed Andrew MacDonald Jamila Skinner Harley Williams julie e.strych.wsky M.elise Graham Department of Otolaryngology-Head&Neck Surgery Schulich School of Medicine&DentistryWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada Department of Otolaryngology London Health Sciences Centre Children's HospitalLondonOntarioCanada Faculty of Medicine Schulich School of Medicine&DentistryWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada

Objectives:Increasing numbers of women enter medical school *** number of female physicians in leadership positions has been much slower to *** are also well‐documented differences in the treatment of women as compared to men in professional *** presenters are less likely to be introduced by their professional title(“Doctor”)for grand rounds and conferences,especially with a man performing the *** study reviewed the Canadian Society of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery(CSOHNS)meetings from 2017 to 2020 to determine the proportion of presenters introduced by their professional title and whether this varied by ***:Recordings from CSOHNS meetings were reviewed and coded for introducer and presenter demographics,including leadership positions and ***‐squared tests of proportion and multivariate logistic regression was used to compare genders and identify factors associated with professional versus unprofessional forms of ***:No significant association was found between professional title use and introducer or presenter *** presenters were introduced with professional title 69.6%of the time,while male presenters were introduced with professional title 67.6%of the time(P=0.69).Residents were introduced with a professional title with the most frequency(75.8%),while attending staff were introduced with a professional title with the least frequency(63.0%)(P=0.02).Conclusions:The lack of gender bias in speaker introductions at recent CSOHNS meetings demonstrates progress in achieving gender equity in *** efforts should continue to define additional forms of unconscious bias that may be contributing to gender inequity in leadership positions.

关键词： attitude of health personnel gender identity Otolaryngology women

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New immune regulators of sciatic nerve regeneration?Lessons from the neighborhood

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 705-706页

作者： AndréL.Bombeiro Rodrigo G.Q.Fernandes julie C.Ribot Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal

For decades,the immune system has been associated with host protection against infectious pathogens or tumors,while also contributing to ***,this paradigm is now changing,with recent studies highlighting novel roles for immune mediators in the maintenance of steady-state tissue *** this perspective,we review some of the latest findings featuring immune modulators of the nervous system pathophysiology,with a special focus on interleukin(IL)-17.

关键词： homeostasis neighborhood finding

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Surgical Treatment of Hemorrhoidal Disease at Brazzaville University Hospital Center

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Surgical Science 2024年第3期15卷 159-168页

作者： Murielle etiennette julie Note Madzele Pierlesky elion Ossibi Rody Stéphane Ngami Didace Massamba Miabaou Clausina Philestine Mikolele Ahoui Apendi Noé Henschel Motoula Latou Bhodeho Medy Monwongui Giresse Bienvenu Tsouassa Wa Ngono Prude Pertinie Avala Carmich Nzaka Moukala Cédrick Du Bonheur Alima Koya Blaise Irénée Atipo-Ibara Digestive Surgery Department Brazzaville University Hospital Center Brazzaville Congo Faculty of Health Sciences Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Congo Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine Department Brazzaville University Hospital Center Brazzaville Congo

Introduction: Hemorrhoidal disease is a common pathology and its surgical treatment is based, among other things, on pedicular resection after failure of medical and instrumental treatment. The aim of this study is to analyze the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic and evolving aspects of hemorrhoidal disease at the stage of surgical treatment at the University Hospital Center of Brazzaville. Patients and Methods: We conducted a retrospective and descriptive study carried out from January 2020 to December 2021, a 24 months period, in the Digestive surgery department of the University Hospital Center of Brazzaville. It concerned patients who underwent a surgical procedure for hemorrhoidal disease. Results: 21 cases were collected, representing a hospital frequency of 2.3%, with a sex ratio of 4.3 in favor of men. The average age of patients was 42.2 ± 11.9 years. The symptoms were mainly proctalgia, mass sensation and rectal bleeding. We recorded five cases (19.1%) of hemorrhoidal thrombosis and 16 cases (80.9%) of hemorrhoidal prolapse including 12 cases requiring manual integration (Goligher grade III) and four irreducible permanent cases (Goligher grade IV). The Grade III prolapse was associated with a polyp in one patient and with posterior anal fissure in another patient. Out of the 21 patients, 14 underwent a tripedicular hemorrhoidectomy according to Milligan and Morgan. Two patients underwent mono- and bipedicular hemorrhoidectomy with resection of associated lesions and five patients underwent emergency thrombectomy. The outcome was favorable for all our patients. The average length of hospital stay was 1.5 ± 2.1 days. Conclusion: In the event of failure of medical and instrumental treatment, the hemorrhoidal cure according to Milligan and Morgan is the surgical treatment of reference for hemorrhoidal disease at the University Hospital Center of Brazzaville.

关键词： Hemorrhoidal Disease Surgery Milligan and Morgan

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Neural lineage differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells:Advances in disease modeling

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2023年第6期15卷 530-545页

作者： Yuan-Wei Yan eddie S Qian Lauren e Woodard julie Bejoy Waisman Center University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI 53705United States Nephrology and Hypertension Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN 37232United States Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN 37232United States Department of Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare SystemNashvilleTN 37232United States Biomedical engineering Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTN 37232United States

Brain diseases affect 1 in 6 people *** diseases range from acute neurological conditions such as stroke to chronic neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s *** advancements in tissue-engineered brain disease models have overcome many of the different shortcomings associated with the various animal models,tissue culture models,and epidemiologic patient data that are commonly used to study brain *** innovative method by which to model human neurological disease is via the directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells(hPSCs)to neural lineages including neurons,astrocytes,and ***-dimensional models such as brain organoids have also been derived from hPSCs,offering more physiological relevance due to their incorporation of various cell *** such,brain organoids can better model the pathophysiology of neural diseases observed in *** this review,we will emphasize recent developments in hPSC-based tissue culture models of neurological disorders and how they are being used to create neural disease models.

关键词： Induced pluripotent stem cells Astrocytes Oligodendrocytes Microglia Brain organoids Assembloids

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Two awn-development-related peptides,GAD1 and OsePFL2,promote seed dispersal and germination in rice

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Molecular Plant 2023年第3期16卷 485-488页

作者： Jing Jin Luling Xiong julie e.Gray Bin Hu Chengcai Chu Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-BioresourcesCollege of AgricultureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642China Key Laboratory for enhancing Resource Use eficiency of Crops in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou510642China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642China Plants Photosynthesis and SoilSchool of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffield S102TNUK

In nature,seed dispersal and germination are crucial for plant survival and *** mechanisms have evolved that enhance the success of these events(Peart,1981;Bewley,1997),and the widespread distribution of grass species has been associated with the evolution of these *** of these mechanisms are associated with characteristics that are intrinsic to the seed,such as awn development,seed shattering,and germination(Ntakirutimana et al.,2019).Awns and/or other seed appendages often help mature seeds to disperse widely and germinate under various challenging environments(elbaum et al.,2007).

关键词： dispersal traits germination

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Hypoxia-ischemia in the immature rodent brain impairs serotonergic neuronal function in certain dorsal raphé nuclei

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第3期15卷 457-463页

作者： Hanna e.Reinebrant julie A.Wixey Kathryn M.Buller UQ Centre for Clinical Research Faculty of Medicine The University of Queensland

Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia(HI)results in losses of serotonergic neurons in specific dorsal raphe ***,not all serotonergic raphe neurons are lost and it is therefore important to assess the function of remaining neurons in order to understand their potential to contribute to neurological disorders in the HI-affected *** main objective of this study was to determine how serotonergic neurons,remaining in the dorsal raphe nuclei after neonatal HI,respond to an external stimulus(restraint stress).On postnatal day 3(P3),male rat pups were randomly allocated to one of the following groups:(i)control+no restraint(n=5),(ii)control+restraint(n=6),(iii)P3 HI+no restraint(n=5)or(iv)P3 HI+restraint(n=7).In the two HI groups,rat pups underwent surgery to ligate the common carotid artery and were then exposed to 6%O2 for 30 *** weeks after P3 HI,on P45,rats were subjected to restraint stress for 30 *** dual immunolabeling for Fos protein,a marker for neuronal activity,and serotonin(5-hydroxytrypamine;5-HT),numbers of Fos-positive 5-HT neurons were determined in five dorsal raphe *** found that restraint stress alone increased numbers of Fos-positive 5-HT neurons in all five dorsal raphe nuclei compared to control ***,following P3 HI,the number of stress-induced Fos-positive 5-HT neurons was decreased significantly in the dorsal raphe ventrolateral,interfascicular and ventral nuclei compared with control animals exposed to restraint *** contrast,numbers of stress-induced Fos-positive 5-HT neurons in the dorsal raphe dorsal and caudal nuclei were not affected by P3 *** data indicate that not only are dorsal raphe serotonergic neurons lost after neonatal HI,but also remaining dorsal raphe serotonergic neurons have reduced differential functional viability in response to an external *** were approved by the University of Queensland Animal ethics Committee(UQCCR958/08/NHMRC)on February 27,2009.

关键词： dorsal raphe nuclei Fos hypoxia-ischemia neonate newborn brain injury preterm restraint stress serotonin

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estimation of alfalfa fall dormancy using spaced plant and sward trials across multiple environments

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Grassland Research 2023年第1期2卷 15-21页

作者： Scott A.Newell Daniel J.Undersander Donald Viands julie Hansen Steve Orloff Daniel H.Putnam e.Charles Brummer Department of Plant Sciences University of CaliforniaDavisDavisCaliforniaUSA Department of Agronomy University of WisconsinMadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA Plant Breeding&Genetics Section School of Integrated Plant SciencesCornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA Univeristy of California Cooperative extension YrekaCaliforniaUSA

Background:Alfalfa is a globally important forage *** are characterized by fall dormancy(FD).FD affects biomass yield and winter survival and is used to identify appropriate growing regions of *** has historically been assessed by measuring the natural height of regrowth in autumn of spaced plants in the *** commercial alfalfa is normally grown as a solid planted sward,FD could be different if plants were grown under real production *** objective of this experiment was to assess whether FD ratings obtained from swards were similar to those obtained on spaced ***:We evaluated 20 alfalfa cultivars in field trials established in 2015 at five locations in the United *** harvested the trials in early autumn and measured regrowth plant height approximately 3 weeks later in 2015 and ***:Autumn plant height responded as expected for the established check cultivars in all *** dormancy ratings for cultivars under both management systems were highly ***:estimating FD from spaced plant height measurements in autumn is very robust,and using height data from sward plots gives equivalent results to that measured in spaced plant *** finding has many practical advantages.

关键词： alfalfa fall dormancy lucerne Medicago sativa plant height

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effects of obesity on breast size,thoracic spine structure and function,upper torso musculoskeletal pain and physical activity in women

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2020年第2期9卷 140-148页

作者： julie R.Steele Celeste e.Coltman Deirdre e.McGhee Biomechanics Research Laboratory School of MedicineUniversity of WollongongWollongongNSW 2522Australia Research Institute for Sport and exercise Faculty of HealthUniversity of CanberraCanberraACT 2601Australia

Purpose:This study investigated the effects of obesity on breast size,thoracic spine structure and function,upper torso musculoskeletal pain and physical activity participation in women living independently in the ***:A total of 378 women were divided into 3 groups(Not Overweight:body mass index(BMI)=22.5±0.2 kg/m^2(mean±Se);Overweight:BMI=27.4±0.3 kg/m^2;Obese:BMI=35.4±0.3 kg/m^2).Outcome variables of breast volume(mL),thoracic flexion torque(N·m),thoracic kyphosis(degrees),upper torso musculoskeletal pain(score) and time spent in physical activity(min) were calculated and compared among the 3 groups,adjusting for between-group differences in ***:There was a significant main effect of BMI on all outcome *** classified as Obese displayed significantly larger breasts,had greater thoracic flexion torques and reported less time participating in physical activity relative to the participants who were classified as Not Overweight and *** in the Obese group also displayed significantly more thoracic kyphosis and reported significantly more upper torso musculoskeletal pain compared to their counterparts who were classified as Not ***:This study is the first to demonstrate that increased obesity levels were associated with compromised kyphosis and loading of the thoracic spine,as well as increased symptoms of upper torso musculoskeletal pain and reduced time spent in physical activity in women living in the *** recommend further research to determine whether evidence-based interventions designed to reduce the flexion torque generated on the thoracic spine can improve these symptoms of upper torso musculoskeletal pain and the ability of women with obesity to participate in physical activity.

关键词： Breast volume Obesity Thoracic kyphosis Upper torso loading

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SARS-CoV-2 consequences for mental health:Neuroinflammatory pathways linking COVID-19 to anxiety and depression

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2022年第7期12卷 874-883页

作者： Anna julie de Mello Morgana Moretti Ana Lúcia S Rodrigues Department of Biochemistry Universidade Federal de Santa CatarinaFlorianópolis 88040-200Brazil

The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has been linked to an increased prevalence of mental health disorders,particularly anxiety and ***,the COVID-19 pandemic has caused stress in people worldwide due to several factors,including fear of infection;social isolation;difficulty in adapting to new routines;lack of coping methods;high exposure to social media,misinformation,and fake reports;economic impact of the measures implemented to slow the contagion and concerns regarding the disease ***-19 patients have elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines,such as interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,and tumor necrosis factor-α,and other inflammation-related ***,invasion of the central nervous system by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)may potentially contribute to neuroinflammatory alterations in infected ***,a consequence of psychological stress due to the COVID-19 pandemic,may also play a role in the development of anxiety and depressive symptoms in the general *** that neuroinflammation plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of depression and anxiety,this study investigated the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on mental health and focused on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the neuroinflammatory pathways.

关键词： Anxiety disorders COVID-19 pandemic Depression Mental health Neuroinflammation Stress

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Acid-mediated decarboxylative C–H coupling between arenes and O-allyl carbamates

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Organic Chemistry Frontiers 2022年第6期9卷 1711-1718页

作者： Camilla Loro julie Oble Francesca Foschi Marta Papis egle MBeccalli Sabrina Giofrè Giovanni Poli Gianluigi Broggini Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia Universitàdegli Studi dell’Insubriavia Valleggio 922100 ComoItaly Sorbonne Université Facultédes Sciences et IngénierieCNRSInstitut Parisien de Chimie MoléculaireIPCM4 place Jussieu75005 ParisFrance DISFARM Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica“A.Marchesini”Universitàdegli Studi di Milanovia Venezian 2120133 MilanoItaly

Treatment of O-allyl N-tosyl carbamates with aromatic compounds in the presence of Cu(OTf)_(2) or TMSOTf as promoters affords N-substituted 1-arylpropan-2-amines,1,2-diarylpropanes,1,1-diarylpropanes,or indanes,depending on the nature of the promoter and of the aryl substrates.A full mechanistic rational allowing appreciation of the outcome of these novel C–H based cascades is *** initial acid promoted decarboxylative/deamidative Friedel–Crafts allylation takes *** protonation of the allylated arene,evolution of the resulting cation may follow different paths depending on the nature of the arene partner and of the allyl moiety in the carbamate.

关键词： allyl moiety coupling

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