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Saving wild tigers:A case study in biodiversity loss and challenges to be met for recovery beyond 2010

Integrative Zoology 2010年第4期5卷 285-299页

作者： john SEIDENSTICKER smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute National Zoological ParkWashingtonDCUSA

Wild tigers are being *** range countries and their partners met at the 1st Asian Ministerial Conference on Tiger Conservation in January 2010 to mandate the creation of the Global Tiger Recovery Program to double the number of tigers by *** 3200-3600 wild adult tigers remain,approximately half of the population estimated a decade *** now live in only 13 countries,all of which are experiencing severe environmental challenges and degradation from the effects of human population growth,brisk economic expansion,rapid urbanization,massive infrastructure development and climate *** overarching challenge of tiger conservation,and the conservation of biodiversity generally,is that there is insufficient demand for the survival of wild tigers living in natural *** allows the criminal activities of poaching wild tigers and their prey and trafficking in tiger derivatives to flourish and tiger landscapes to be *** Global Tiger Recovery Program will support scaling up of practices already proven effective in one or more tiger range countries that need wider policy support,usually resources,and new transnational actions that enhance the effectiveness of individual country *** program is built on robust National Tiger Recovery Priorities that are grouped into themes:(i)strengthening policies that protect tigers;(ii)protecting tiger conservation landscapes;(iii)scientific management and monitoring;(iv)engaging communities;(v)cooperative management of international tiger landscapes;(vi)eliminating transnational illegal wildlife trade;(vii)persuading people to stop consuming tiger;(viii)enhancing professional capacity of policy-makers and practitioners;and(ix)developing sustainable,long-term financing mechanisms for tiger and biodiversity conservation.

关键词： Asia biodiversity Global Tiger Recovery Program Panthera tigris Tiger Conservation Landscape

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Pushing the boundaries of diode-pumped solid-state lasers for high-energy applications

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2020年第2期8卷 77-79页

作者： Saumyabrata Banerjee Paul Mason Jonathan Phillips Jodie smith Thomas Butcher Jacob Spear Mariastefania De vido Gary Quinn Danielle Clarke Klaus Ertel Cristina Hernez-Gomez Chris Edwards john Collier Central Laser Facility STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcot OX110QXUK Heriot-Watt University School of Engineering and Physical SciencesEH144ASUK

We report on the successful demonstration of a 150 J nanosecond pulsed cryogenic gas cooled,diode-pumped multi-slab Yb:YAG laser operating at 1 *** the best of our knowledge,this is the highest energy ever recorded fo... 详细信息

关键词： cryogenic gas cooling diode-pumped solid-state laser multi-slab amplifier Yb:YAG

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Mortality of Amur tigers:The more things change,the more they stay the same

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Integrative Zoology 2015年第4期10卷 344-353页

作者： Hugh S.ROBINSON john M.GOODRICH Dale G.MIQUELLE Clayton S.MILLER Ivan v.SERYODKIN Panthera New YorkNew YorkUSA Wildlife Conservation Society BronxNew YorkUSA Wildlife Biology Program College of Forestry and ConservationUniversity of MontanaMissoulaMontanaUSA Pacific Geographical Institute Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesVladivostokRussia Far Eastern Federal University VladivostokRussia

Poaching as well as loss of habitat and prey are identified as causes of tiger population *** some studies have examined habitat requirements and prey availability,few studies have quantified cause-specific mortality of *** used cumulative incidence functions(CIFs)to quantify cause-specific mortality rates of tigers,expanding and refining earlier studies to assess the potential impact of a newly emerging *** quantify changes in tiger mortality over time,we re-examined data first collected by Goodrich et al.(2008;study period 1:1992–2004)as well as new telemetry data collected since January 2005(study period 2:2005–2012)using a total of 57 tigers(27 males and 30 females)monitored for an average of 747 days(range 26–4718 days).Across the entire study period(1992 to 2012)we found an estimated average annual survival rate of 0.75 for all tigers *** was the primary cause of mortality during both study periods,followed by suspected poaching,distemper and natural/unknown *** 2005,poaching mortality has remained relatively constant and,if combined with suspected poaching,may account for a loss of 17–19%of the population each *** distemper virus(CDv)may be an additive form of mortality to the population,currently accounting for an additional 5%.Despite this relatively new source of mortality,poaching remains the main threat to Amur tiger survival and,therefore,population growth.

关键词： canine distemper virus cause-specific mortality cumulative incidence function Panthera tigris altaica poaching

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Impact of stopping smoking on metabolic parameters in diabetes mellitus:A scoping review

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World Journal of Diabetes 2022年第6期13卷 422-433页

作者： Magdalena Walicka Cristina Russo Michael Baxter Isaac john Grazia Caci Riccardo Polosa Department of Human Epigenetics Mossakowski Medical Research InstitutePolish Academy of SciencesWarsaw 02-106Poland Department of Internal Diseases Endocrinology and DiabetologyCentral Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Interior and Administration in WarsawWarsaw 02-507Poland Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of CataniaCatania 95123Italy Ashford and Saint Peter's Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Chertsey KT160PZUnited Kingdom Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of MessinaMessina 98124Italy Center of Excellence for The Acceleration of HArm Reduction(CoEHAR) University of CataniaCataia 95123Italy Centre for The Prevention and Treatment of Tobacco Addiction(CPCT) Teaching Hospital"Policlinico-V.Emanuele"Catania 95123Italy ECLAT Srl Spin-off of the University of CataniaCatania 95123Italy

The purpose of this scoping review is to create a single narrative that describes the impact of smoking cessation on metabolic parameters in people with *** is generally well accepted that smoking enhances the harmful effects of elevated blood glucose levels,accelerating the vascular damage seen in patients with *** cessation has clear benefits in terms of reducing cardiovascular morbidity and ***,there is less evidence for the impact of smoking cessation on other diabetes-related *** in people with diabetes have shown improvement as well as temporary deterioration in glycemic control after ceasing *** a few studies have described the effect of quitting smoking on insulin resistance and lipid parameters,however,their results have been *** this situation,healthcare professionals should not assume that cessation of smoking will improve metabolic parameters in patients with *** seems they should, first of all, emphasize the prevention of weight gain that may be associatedwith quitting smoking. The lack of data regarding the metabolic effects of smoking and smokingcessation in diabetes is very disappointing and this area needs to be addressed.

关键词： Smoking Smoking cessation Diabetes Insulin resistance Glucose Lipids

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选择离子流动管质谱对汽车尾气成分的分析

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分析化学 2004年第1期32卷 113-118页

作者：程平,储焰南,张为俊,Patrik Spanel,David smith 中国科学院安徽光机所环境光谱学开放实验室中国科学院安徽光机所环境光谱学开放实验室中国科学院安徽光机所环境光谱学开放实验室 v.Cermák Laboratory J. Heyrovsk■ Institute of Physical Chemistry Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Center for Science and Technology in Medicine Keele University 合肥230031 合肥230031 合肥230031 Dolejkova 3 182 23 Prague 8 Czech Republic Thornburrow Drive Harthill Stoke on Trent ST4 7QB U.K.

运用选择离子流动管质谱 (SIFT/MS)装置 ,以H3 O+ 、NO+ 、O+ 2 为初始离子对安装有催化转换装置的汽油车引擎启动 5min后的尾气进行了取样分析 ,结果表明 ,尾气中含有大量的 CH 化合物 (包括烷烃、烯烃、炔烃、二烯烃以及芳香烃 ) ,含... 详细信息

运用选择离子流动管质谱 (SIFT/MS)装置 ,以H3 O+ 、NO+ 、O+ 2 为初始离子对安装有催化转换装置的汽油车引擎启动 5min后的尾气进行了取样分析 ,结果表明 ,尾气中含有大量的 CH 化合物 (包括烷烃、烯烃、炔烃、二烯烃以及芳香烃 ) ,含氧有机物 (包括醛、酮、醇 )以及NH3 和NOx 等污染成分。其中 ,NO的含量最高 ,它的浓度比其它所有SIFT/MS装置所能测量到的各种物质的总和还多 ;在CH化合物中以芳香烃的含量最高 ,约占整个CH化合物含量的一半以上 ;在含氧有机物中以醛类物质的含量最高。初步讨论了这些成分的形成动力学过程 ,对引擎冷启动和热启动时的尾气成分进行了分析 ,结果表明 :冷启动尾气中CH化合物和NOx 的含量是热启动的 3～ 5倍 ,而含氧有机物的含量没有很大的变化 ,此结果也证明了尾气的催化转化装置是一种减少尾气中CH化合物和NOx 污染物的一种有效的控制方法。这也证明了SIFT/MS技术是一种有效的分析痕量有机污染物的方法

关键词：选择离子流动管质谱技术汽车尾气定量分析

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Risk Factors for Hospitalization Due to Hypoglycemia in Diabetic Patients in Northeast Thailand

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Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 2014年第3期4卷 165-171页

作者： Thuanjai Poosakaew Pattapong Kesssomboon john F. smith Department of Community Medicine Faculty of Medicine Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen Thailand

Background: Hypoglycemia among diabetic patients is a major complication, which results in high morbidity and mortality. Hospitalization provides the inadequate patient care and management. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the potential risk factors for hospitalization due to hypoglycemia among diabetic patients. Method: In a case-control study, the cases were diabetic patients admitted due to hypoglycemia. Controls were diabetic patients admitted for other reasons. The cases and control subjects were recruited from the inpatient department of the middle level hospital in Northeast Thailand. The total sample size was 360 patients who met the criteria and had been hospitalized. The number of case was 90, and the number of controls was 270. The data were analyzed by determining the adjusted odds ratio, and 95% confidence interval of the ORs using multiple logistic regression models. Results: Using a multivariate logistic regression model, five variables were significantly associated with hospitalization due to hypoglycemia among diabetic patients: 1) patients who received insulin injections (AOR = 20.75;95% CI: 4.7 - 91.41;p = 0.001);2) patients who did not carry sugar candy or a dessert with them at all times (AOR = 13.89;95% CI: 1.92 - 100.31;p = 0.01);3) patients with an occurrence of hypoglycemia at least once a week at home(AOR = 8.83;95% CI: 2.58 - 30.20;p = 0.001);4) patients who were adjusted for doses of medication on their own (AOR = 6.62;95% CI: 1.30 - 33.70;p = 0.02);and 5) patients who lacked knowledge did not understand the causes and symptoms of low blood sugar (AOR = 7.97;95% CI: 1.97 - 32.22;p = 0.001). Conclusion: Receiving insulin injection and poor knowledge and self-care of hypoglycemia prevention were the best predictors of hospitalization due to hypoglycemia among diabetic patients. These factors need to be adequately addressed in order to provide better care and management to prevent hospitalization among diabetic patients.

关键词： Diabetes Mellitus Insulin Hypoglycemia Hospitalization Risk Factors

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Evaluatingα-galactosylceramide as an adjuvant for live attenuated infuenza vaccines in pigs

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Animal Diseases 2022年第4期2卷 231-245页

作者： Bianca L.Artiaga Igor Morozov Russell Ransburgh Taeyong Kwon velmurugan Balaraman Sabarish v.Indran Darling Melany De Carvalho Madrid Weihong Gu Jamie Henningson Wenjun Ma Jürgen A.Richt john P.Driver Department of Diagnostic Medicine&Pathobiology College of Veterinary MedicineKansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA Division of Animal Sciences University of MissouriColumbiaMO 65211USA Department of Animal Sciences University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611USA

Natural killer T(NKT)cells activated with the glycolipid ligandα-galactosylceramide(α-GalCer)stimulate a wide variety of immune cells that enhance vaccine-mediated immune *** studies have used this approach to adjuvant inactivated and subunit infuenza A virus(IAv)vaccines,including to enhance cross-protective infuenza ***,less is known about whetherα-GalCer can enhance live attenuated infuenza virus(LAIv)vaccines,which usually induce superior heterologous and heterosubtypic immunity compared to non-replicating infuenza *** current study used the swine infuenza challenge model to assess whetherα-GalCer can enhance cross-protective immune responses elicited by a recombinant H3N2 LAIv vaccine(TX98ΔNS1)encoding a truncated NS1 *** one study,weaning pigs were administered the H3N2 TX98ΔNS1 LAIv vaccine with 0,10,50,and 100μg/kg doses ofα-GalCer,and subsequently challenged with a heterologous H3N2 *** treatment groups were protected from ***,the addition ofα-GalCer appeared to suppress nasal shedding of the LAIv *** another experiment,pigs vaccinated with the H3N2 LAIv,with or without 50μg/kg ofα-GalCer,were challenged with the heterosubtypic pandemic H1N1 *** vaccinated with the LAIv alone generated cross-reactive humoral and cellular responses which blocked virus replication in the airways,and signifcantly decreased virus *** the other hand,combining the vaccine withα-GalCer reduced cross-protective cellular and antibody responses,and resulted in higher virus titers in respiratory *** fndings suggest that:(i)high doses ofα-GalCer impair the replication and nasal shedding of the LAIv vaccine;and(ii)α-GalCer might interfere with heterosubtypic cross-protective immune *** research raise concerns that should be considered before trying to use NKT cell agonists as a possible adjuvant approach for LAIv vaccines.

关键词： Natural killer T cell Infuenza A virus vaccine Live attenuated infuenza virus Adjuvant α-Galactosylceramide Swine

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Chronic Lyme Disease: Persistent Clinical Symptoms Related to Immune Evasion, Antibiotic Resistance and various Defense Mechanisms of <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i>

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2014年第4期4卷 252-260页

作者： Aaron J. smith john Oertle Dino Prato Envita Scottsdale AZ USA

There are several factors involved in the ability of Borrelia burgdorferi to retain a persistent infection within a mammalian host. These factors of immune evasion include regulation of membrane proteins, variable epitopes of surface proteins, protection against the immune system through tick saliva, the ability to migrate to regions where it is not exposed to the immune system or antibiotics, invagination or invasion within various cells, pleomorphic forms, and the potential to produce biofilms. The window of conventional treatment for Lyme disease is short and has the potential to display different symptoms depending on the strain of Borrelia bugdorferi. These symptoms are dependent on the localization of Borrelia burgdorferi which correlates to the significance of diagnosing Lyme disease early to prevent such a spread throughout the body. Such complications of Borrelia burgdorferi may demand new clinical treatment discoveries for patient fighting the chronic form.

关键词： Borrelia burgdorferi Immune Response Antibiotics Surface Proteins Pleomorphism Ixode Tick

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Potential of capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry for the characterization and monitoring of amine-derivatized naphthenic acids from oil sands process-affected water

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第11期28卷 203-212页

作者： Matthew S.MacLennan Cai Tie Kevin Kovalchik Kerry M.Peru Xinxiang Zhang john v.Headley David D.Y.Chen Department of Chemistry University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1 Canada. State Key Laboratory of Bioactiue Substance and Function of Natural Medicines Institute of Materia Medica Peking Union Medical College &Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing 100050 China Water Science and Technology Directorate Science and Technology Branch Environment and Climate Change Canada SaskatoonSK S7N 3H5 Canada College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China

Capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry（CE–MS） was used for the analysis of naphthenic acid fraction compounds（NAFCs） of oil sands process-affected water（OSPW）. A standard mixture of amine-derivatized naphthenic acids is injected directly onto the CE column and analyzed by CE–MS in less than 15 min. Time of flight MS analysis（TOFMS）, optimized for high molecular weight ions, showed NAFCs between 250 and 800 m/z. With a quadrupole mass analyzer, only low-molecular weight NAFCs（between 100 and 450 m/z） are visible under our experimental conditions. Derivatization of NAFCs consisted of two-step amidation reactions mediated by 1-ethyl-3-（3-dimethylaminopropyl）carbodiimide（EDC）, or mediated by a mixture of EDC and N-hydroxysuccinimide, in dimethyl sulfoxide, dichloromethane or ethyl acetate. The optimum background electrolyte composition was determined to be 30%（v/v） methanol in water and 2%（v/v） formic acid. NAFCs extracted from OSPW in the Athabasca oil sands region were used to demonstrate the feasibility of CE–MS for the analysis of NAFCs in environmental samples, showing that the labeled naphthenic acids are in the mass range of 350 to 1500 m/z.

关键词： Capillary electrophoresis Mass spectrometry Electrospray ionization Carbodiimide Oil sands process-affected water Naphthenic acids

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Autologous Natural Killer Cell/Natural Killer T Cell Immunotherapy of Malignant Diseases

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2014年第3期4卷 192-202页

作者： Aaron J. smith john Oertle Dino Prato Envita Scottsdale AZ USA

Adoptive immunotherapy, the therapeutic infusion of ex vivo activated cancer-fighting white blood cells that was pioneered by Dr. Steven Rosenberg over 30 years ago, has become more widespread due to outstanding published research documenting the clinical efficacy of this strategy. Based on the well-established in vivo functions of NK and NKT cells, their integral role in the efficacy of certain chemotherapeutic and immunomodulatory agents, and their direct therapeutic action as displayed in clinical trials, the use of autologous natural killer cell infusions is an appropriate and warranted therapeutic option for the treatment of malignant diseases, especially in patients whose disease is refractory to standard treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation.

关键词： Cancer Immunotherapy Autologous Natural Killer Cells (NK Cells) Natural Killer T Cell (NKT Cells) Lymphocyte Activated Killer Cells (LAK cells)

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