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Bile acid receptors and signaling crosstalk in the liver, gut and brain

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liver Research 2021年第3期5卷 105-118页

作者： Jessica M.Ferrell john Y.l.Chiang Integrative Medical Sciences Northeast Ohio Medical UniversityRootstownOHUSA

Bile acids are physiological detergents derived from cholesterol that aid in digestion and nutrient ab-sorption,and they play roles in glucose,lipid,and energy metabolism and in gut microbiome and metabolic *** acids mediate crosstalk between the liver and gut through bactericidal modulation of the gut microbiome,while gut microbes influence the composition of the circulating bile acid *** research indicates bile acids may also be important mediators of neurological disease by acting as peripheral signaling molecules that activate bile acid receptors in the blood-brain barrier and in the brain *** review highlights the role of bile acids in maintaining liver and gut microbe homeostasis,as well as their function as mediators of cellular signaling in the liver-gut-brain axis.

关键词： Bile acid metabolism Farnesoid X receptor(FXR) Gut-brain axis Microbiome Neurodegenerative disease Takeda G protein-coupled receptor(TGR5)

Growth, Development and Yield of Kenaf as Affected by Planting Dates and N Fertilization

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第3期14卷 707-720页

作者： Julius Yirzagla Peter Quandahor Iddrisu Yahaya Olivia Aguriboba Akanbelum listowell Aditwin Akologo john Bokaligidi lambon Abdul-Wahab M. Imoro Kwadwo Gyasi Santo CSIR-SARI Nyankpala Ghana St Vincent College of Education Yendi Ghana Gbewaah College of Education Pusiga-Bawku Ghana CSIR-Head Office Accra Ghana C.K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences Navrongo Ghana University of Energy and Natural Resources Sunyani Ghana

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus l) consists of various beneficial components like stalks, seeds, leaves, fibers, oils, proteins, allelopathic chemicals, and fiber strands, among other things. Despite the numerous uses of the crop, there is little or no information on optimum agronomic practices such as planting date and N fertilization of the crop in the Upper East Region (UER) of Ghana where the crop is widely cultivated by smallholder farmers. Field experiments were therefore carried out in 2020 and repeated during the 2021 cropping season in the study area. The objective of the study was to determine appropriate planting date and N fertilization for increased kenaf productivity. In each year, the treatments consisted of 3 × 5 factorial combinations of three planting dates (1st July, 7th July and 14th July) and five levels of N (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 kg/ha) replicated three times. The design of the experiment was a split-plot with the N fertilizer as the main plot and the planting date assigned to sub plot. The results showed that, planting kenaf in early (1st) July or N fertilization at the rate of 60 kg/ha increased plant density, stem height, stem diameter, dry bast and core yields in both cropping seasons.

关键词： Growth Fibres Bast Yield Core Yield

Prostaglandin E1 administration post liver transplantation and renal outcomes:A retrospective single center experience

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第4期14卷 101-109页

作者： Vinay Jahagirdar Mohamed Ahmed Ifrah Fatima Hassam Ali laura Alba john H Helzberg lee S Cummings Matthew Wilkinson Jameson Forster Alisa likhitsup Department of Internal Medicine Saint Luke’s Health System of Kansas City and the University of Missouri-Kansas CityKansas CityMO 64111United States Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology East Carolina University Brody School of MedicineGreenvilleNC 27834United States Division of Internal Medicine Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologySaint Luke’s Health System of Kansas City and University of Missouri-Kansas CityKansas CityMO 64111United States Department of Surgery University of Missouri-Kansas City and Transplant SurgerySaint Luke’s Hospital of Kansas CityKansas CityMO 64111United States Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109United States

BACKGROUND Prostaglandin E1(PGE1),or alprostadil,is a potent vasodilator that improves hepatic blood flow and reduces ischemia-reperfusion injury post-liver transplantation(lT).However,the benefits of PGE1 on renal function after lT have not yet been well *** To assess the impact of PGE1 administration on renal function in patients who underwent liver or liver-kidney *** This retrospective study included all patients who underwent liver or liverkidney transplant at our institution from January,2011 to December,*** were classified based on whether they received ***1 was administered post-lT to those with transaminases>1000 U/l in the immediate postoperative ***,post-lT treatments and/or complications,renal function,and survival were *** logistic regression analysis was performed,and a two-tailed P valuelly *** A total of 145 patients underwent lT,with 44(30%)receiving *** patient characteristics were comparable,except the PGE1 group had significantly higher aspartate aminotransferase(AST)(1961.9 U/l±1862.3 U/l vs 878 U/l±741.4 U/l,P=0.000),alanine aminotransferase(1070.6 U/l±895 U/l vs 547.7 U/l±410 U/l,P=0.000),international normalized ratio on post-lT day 1(2±0.74 vs 1.8±0.4,P=0.03),a longer intensive care unit stay(8.1 days±11.8 days vs 3.8 days±4.6 days,P=0.003),more vasopressor use(55.53 hours±111 hours vs 16.33 hours±26.3 hours,P=0.002),and higher immediate postoperative complications(18.6%vs 4.9%,P=0.04).The PGE1 group also had a significantly higher 90-day readmission rate(29.6%vs 13.1%,P=0.02)and lower 1-year liver graft survival(87.5%vs 98.9%,P=0.005).However,30-day readmission(31.6%vs 27.4%,P=0.64),lT complications(hepatic artery thrombosis,biliary complications,rejection of liver graft,cardiomyopathy),1-year patient survival(96.9%vs 97.8%,P=0.77),overall liver graft survival,and overall patient survival were similar between t

关键词： liver transplantation Alprostadil Protective agents Transplant Prostaglandin E1

Treatment with analgesics after mouse sciatic nerve injury does not alter expression of wound healingassociated genes

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第1期11卷 144-149页

作者： Matt C.Danzi Dario Motti Donna l.Avison john l.Bixby Vance P.lemmon The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis University of MiamiLois Pope LIFE Center Department of Surgery Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine University of Miami Department of Neurological Surgery University of Miami Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology University of Miami

Animal models of sciatic nerve injury are commonly used to study neuropathic pain as well as axon regeneration. Administration of post-surgical analgesics is an important consideration for animal welfare, but the actions of the analgesic must not interfere with the scientific goals of the experiment. In this study, we show that treatment with either buprenorphine or acetaminophen following a bilateral sciatic nerve crush surgery does not alter the expression in dorsal root ganglion（DRG） sensory neurons of a panel of genes associated with wound healing. These findings indicate that the post-operative use of buprenorphine or acetaminophen at doses commonly suggested by Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees does not change the intrinsic gene expression response of DRG neurons to a sciatic nerve crush injury, for many wound healing-associated genes. Therefore, administration of post-operative analgesics may not confound the results of transcriptomic studies employing this injury model.

关键词： acetaminophen analgesics axon buprenorphine dorsal root ganglia gene expression peripheral nerve injuries regeneration sciatic nerve wound healing

Effects of vertical position on trematode parasitism in larval anurans

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Current Zoology 2019年第6期65卷 657-664页

作者： Jacob R.JONES Camille l.STEENROD john A.MARINO Jr. Biology Department Bradley UniversityPeoriaILUSA Department of Geography University of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA

Spatial distributions of animals can affect interactions with their natural enemies,such as parasites,and thus have important implications for host-parasite *** spatial variation in infection risk has been explored in many systems at the landscape scale,less attention has been paid to spatial structure at smaller ***,we explore a hypothesized relationship between a common spatial variable,vertical position,and risk of parasite infection in a model aquatic system,larval frogs(Rana)and trematode(Digenea)*** position is relevant to this system given evidence that the densities of snail first intermediate hosts,tadpole second intermediate hosts,and trematode infective stages can vary with *** test the effects of depth on infection risk of larval frogs by trematodes,we performed two enclosure experiments,one in the laboratory and one in the field,in which larval frogs in cages just below the water surface or near the bottom of the water column were exposed to *** with near-surface cages,mean infection load(number of cysts)in tadpoles in near-bottom cages was 83%higher after 48-h exposures in the laboratory and 730%higher after 10-day exposures in the *** findings thus indicate that infection risk depends on depth,which may have adaptive significance,as tadpoles have previously been shown to change vertical position in response to parasite *** results motivate future work examining vertical variation in infection risk and may have broader implications for host-parasite dynamics and evolution of host and parasite behavior.

关键词： avoidance behavior cercariae Echinostomatidae host-parasite interactions Rana spatial structure

Gastrointestinal tract(gut) health in the young pig

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Animal Nutrition 2018年第2期4卷 187-196页

作者： john R.Pluske Diana l.Turpin Jae-Cheol Kim School of Veterinary and life Sciences Murdoch University Pork Innovation Western Australia(Inc.) AB Vista Asia Pte.ltd

An optimally functioning gastrointestinal tract(GIT) clearly is of importance to the overall metabolism,physiology, disease status and performance of pigs of all stages of growth and ***, the‘health’ of the GIT(‘gut health’) has attracted much attention despite the lack of a clear definition to the term or its aetiology, although in broad terms, ‘gut health’ encompasses a number of physiological and functional features including nutrient digestion and absorption, host metabolism and energy generation, a stable and appropriate microbiota/microbiome, defence mechanisms including barrier function and mucosal immune mechanisms, and the interactions between these components.‘Gut health’ in the newlyweaned(young) pig is of obvious interest due to changes in GIT structure and function associated with the post-weaning transition, and more recently to the upsurge in interest in different feed additives as dietary alternatives/replacements caused by bans/reductions in certain antimicrobial compounds being available in some parts of the *** the presence of enteric disease(s) after weaning, a deterioration in ‘gut health’ may be synonymous to the overall health of the pig, and although some direct relationships can be drawn between pig performance and efficiency and a ‘healthy' GIT, sometimes this connection is subtler and less obvious, especially in the absence of overt enteric disease(s).The factors and conditions involved in ‘gut health’ are multifactorial, complex, often poorly described and sometimes incorrectly interpreted,although it is evident that perturbations of the GIT can cause an imbalance and disturb the generalized *** addition to any enteric diseases or conditions that might arise as a result of these disturbances, other influences will also impact such as the responses occurring in the GIT in the period immediately after weaning, any changes that might occur after a change in diet, and(or) disruptions to meal patterns and hence

关键词： Gastrointestinal tract Gut health Structure and function Pig Piglet Weaning

Facilitating transparency in spinal cord injury studies using data standards and ontologies

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Neural Regeneration Research 2014年第1期9卷 6-7页

作者： Vance P.lemmon Saminda Abeyruwan Ubbo Visser john l.Bixby Department of Neurological Surgery University of Miami Miami Project to Cure Paralysis University of Miami Center for Computational Science University of Miami Department of Computer Science University of Miami Molecular&Cellular Pharmacology University of Miami

Progress in developing robust therapies for spinal cord injury （SCI）, trau- matic brain injury （TBI） and peripheral nerve injury has been slow. A great deal has been learned over the past 30 years regarding both the intrinsic factors and the environmental factors that regulate axon growth, but this large body of information has not yet resulted in clinically available thera- peutics. This therapeutic bottleneck has many root causes, but a consensus is emerging that one contributing factor is a lack of standards for experi- mental design and reporting. The absence of reporting standards, and even of commonly accepted definitions of key words, also make data mining and bioinformatics analysis of neural plasticity and regeneration difficult, if not impossible. This short review will consider relevant background and poten- tial solutions to this problem in the axon regeneration domain.

关键词： data Facilitating transparency in spinal cord injury studies using data standards and ontologies SCI

Necrotizing enterocolitis: A multifactorial disease with no cure

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第14期14卷 2142-2161页

作者： Kareena l Schnabl john E Van Aerde Alan BR Thomson Michael T Clandinin Nutrition and Metabolism Research Groups Department of Medicine University of Alberta Edmonton T6G 2P5 Canada Department of Pediatrics University of Alberta Edmonton T6G 2P5 Canada Department of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology University of Alberta Edmonton T6G 2P5 Canada Alberta Institute for Human Nutrition University of Alberta Edmonton T6G 2P5 Canada

Necrotizing enterocolitis is an inflammatory bowel disease of neonates with significant morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. Due to the multifactorial nature o the disease and limitations in disease models, early diagnosis remains challenging and the pathogenesis elusive. Although preterm birth, hypoxic-ischemic events formula feeding, and abnormal bacteria colonization are established risk factors, the role of genetics and vasoactive/inflammatory mediators is unclear Consequently, treatments do not target the specific underlying disease processes and are symptomatic and surgically invasive. Breast-feeding is the most effective preventative measure. Recent advances in the prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis have focused on bioactive nutrients and trophic factors in human milk. Developmen of new disease models including the aspect of prematurity that consistently predisposes neonates to the disease with multiple risk factors will improve our understanding of the pathogenesis and lead to discovery of innovative therapeutics.

关键词： Necrotizing enterocolitis Diagnosis Pathogenesis Prevention Disease models Vasoactive/ inflammatory mediators

Expanding beyond endoscopy: A review of non-invasive modalities in Barrett’s esophagus screening and surveillance

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第32期28卷 4516-4526页

作者： Dariush Shahsavari Praneeth Kudaravalli john Erikson l Yap Kenneth J Vega Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Augusta University-Medical College of GeorgiaAugustaGA 30912United States

Barrett’s esophagus(BE)is a condition that results from replacement of the damaged normal squamous esophageal mucosa to intestinal columnar mucosa and is the most significant predisposing factor for development of esophageal *** guidelines recommend endoscopic evaluation for screening and surveillance based on various risk factors which has limitations such as invasiveness,availability of a trained specialist,patient logistics and ***-nasal endoscopy is a less invasive modality but still has similar limitations such as limited availability of trained specialist and ***-endoscopic modalities,in comparison,require minimal intervention,can be done in an office visit and has the potential to be a more ideal choice for mass public screening and surveillance,particularly in patents at low risk for *** include newer generations of esophageal capsule endoscopy which provides direct visualization of BE,and tethered capsule endomicroscopy which can obtain high-resolution images of the *** cell collection devices coupled with biomarkers have been used for BE ***,in combination with TFF3,as well as EsophaCap and EsoCheck have shown promising results in various studies when used with various *** modalities including circulatory microRNAs and volatile organic compounds that have demonstrated favorable *** of these cell collection methods for BE surveillance is a potential area of future research.

关键词： Barrett’s esophagus Screening Surveillance Non-endoscopic Cytosponge Esophacap Esocheck