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Protein & Cell 2024年第7期15卷 547-552页

作者： Fumiaki Ito Hanjing Yang z.Hong zhou Xiaojiang s.chen Molecular and Computational Biology Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089United States Department of Microbiology Immunology and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095United States California Nanosystems Institute University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90095United States Genetic Molecular and Cellular Biology ProgramKeck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089United States Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089United States Center of Excellence in NanoBiophysics University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089United States

Dear Editor,Coronaviruses have evolved a wide array of tactics to evade host antiviral *** host cells detect invading foreign nucleic acids including viral genome and viral replication intermediates,they activate interferon(IFN)signaling via cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptors(Kang et al.,2002;Kato et al.,2006).Remarkable stealth activities exhibited by coronaviruses are facilitated by a series of non-structural proteins(Nsps),such as Nsp15(Deng and Baker,2018;Deng et al.,2019;Hackbart et al.,2020),which is a uridine-specific endoribonuclease that mediates evasion of host detection of viral double-stranded RNA(dsRNA)(Bhardwaj et al.,2004;Deng et al.,2017;Frazier et al.,2021;Ivanov et al.,2004).Nsp15 targets a polyuridine[poly(U)]tract on the coronavirus negative strand RNA(Hackbart et al.,2020).Nsp15 limits the abundance and length of poly(U)within the negative strand RNA 5ʹ-extension by trimming down the initially synthesized poly(U)lead sequence to the optimal length that can suppress dsRNA formation but still serves as a template for poly(A)tail of the positive strand genome of the coronaviruses(Hofmann and Brian,1991).

关键词： p15 interferon template

Rescattering of stimulated Raman side scattering in nonuniform plasmas

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第5期9卷 68-76页

作者： s.Tan Q.Wang Y.chen W.B.Yao C.z.Xiao J.F.Myatt school of Physics and Electronics Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082China Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics Beijing 100094China school of Electrical and Information Engineering Anhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainanAnhui 232001China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Alberta9211116 St.NWEdmontonAlberta T6G 1H9Canada

Rescattering of stimulated Raman side scattering(sRss)is observed for the first time via two-dimensional(2D)particle-in-cell(PIC)*** construct a theoretical model for the rescattering process,which can predict the region of occurrence of mth-order sRss and estimate its *** rescattering process is identified by the 2D PIC simulations under typical conditions of a direct-drive inertial confinement fusion *** electrons produced by second-order sRss propagate nearly perpendicular to the density gradient and gain nearly the same energy as in first-order sRss,but there is no cascade acceleration to produce superhot *** studies for a wide range of ignition conditions show that sRss and associated rescatterings are robust and important processes in inertial confinement fusion.

关键词： nonuniform acceleration scattering

serum amylase as a novel prognostic marker of organophosphorus poisoning: a retrospective study

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Emergency and Critical Care Medicine 2024年第3期4卷 111-116页

作者： Guo X. chen z. Feng K. zeng s. zhang J. Ma z. Yuan C. school of Clinical Medicine Ningxia Medical University Ningxia Hui Yinchuan China Emergency Department General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Yinchuan China

Background: This study aims to explore the significance of serum amylase levels in patients with organophosphorus pesticide (OP) poisoning and to provide a new perspective for evaluating the severity and prognosis of OP poisoning. Methods: The clinical data of 67 patients with acute OP poisoning, who had been treated in the emergency department of the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University between september 2020 and August 2022, were retrospectively analyzed. Using spearman rank correlation, serum amylase levels during admission and severity of poisoning correlated with discharge outcomes. Based on serum amylase levels, receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted to predict the severity and mortality of patients who experience organophosphate poisoning. The optimal threshold serum amylase level at admission was determined based on the maximum Youden index. Results: Using spearman rank correlation analysis, serum amylase levels at admission positively correlated with the severity of poisoning and discharge outcomes, but the degree of correlation was weak (rs: 0.344; 0.264; P s’ serum amylase levels at admission had receiver operating characteristic area under the curve values of 0.726 and 0.735 to predict the degree of severe poisoning and death, respectively. Based on the maximum Youden index, the optimal threshold of serum amylase were 97.8 and 194.1 U/L when the degree of poisoning was severe and the discharge outcome of patients was died. In comparison to patients with serum amylase levels ≤194.1 U/L at admission, the OR values of death in patients with serum amylase levels >194.1 U/L at admission was 15.944 (95% CI: 1.825–139.274). Conclusion: serum amylase levels in patients with organophosphate poisoning correlate with the degree of poisoning and discharge outcomes. Higher serum amylase level was a risk factor for organophosphorus poisoning death. © Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Amylase Emergency department Organophosphorus pesticide poisoning Prognosis

Optimizing oncolytic virus design:a“swiss army knife”approach to create a systemically delivered therapeutic

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signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第5期9卷 1791-1792页

作者： Carolina s.Ilkow john Cameron Bell Ottawa Hospital Research Institute 501 Smyth RoadOttawaONK1H 8L6Canada

In a recent paper published in Nature Biotechnology,chen et al.1 describe a multiplex oncolytic virus platform that coupled with adoptive T cell therapy could solve the problem of repeat,systemic delivery of virus based *** is widely accepted that multi-targeted therapeutic approaches attacking several facets of cancer biology are necessary to effectively deal with the tumor heterogeneity that exists within and between patients.

关键词： therapeutic al. targeted

TcPO2 changes are more pronounced than spO2 changes during simulated altitude changes in a hypobaric oxygen chamber: a nonrandomized controlled trial

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Emergency and Critical Care Medicine 2024年第3期4卷 105-110页

作者： Li Y. chen L. Fu z. Wang z. sun s. Luan X. Ma D. Hu T. school of Nursing and Rehabilitation Shandong University Shandong Jinan China Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Shandong Jinan China Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Shandong Jinan China Emergency Management Center of state Grid shandong Electric Power Company Shandong Jinan China school of Nursing and Rehabilitation Cheeloo College of Medicine University of Shandong Department of Infection Control Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Shandong Jinan China school of Mechanical Engineering Shandong University Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Efficient and Clean Machinery Manufacturing National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Mechanical Engineering Shandong Jinan China

Background: Hypoxia is a significant risk factor of hypertension. However, no studies have used transcutaneous tissue partial pressure of oxygen (TcPO2) and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (TcPCO2) monitors to measure the respective partial pressures in healthy individuals. Oxygen saturation (spO2) is often used for traditional monitoring of vital signs. This study investigated the changes in TcPO2 and spO2 values during rapid changes in altitude. The trial was registered at *** (registration no. NCT06076057). Methods: Healthy adult volunteers were instructed to sit vertically in a hypobaric oxygen chamber, which ascended from 0 m to 2500 m at a uniform speed within 10 min. The Danish Radiometer TCM4 was used to measure TcPO2 and TcPCO2 with the ventral side of the upper arm as the measurement site. The shenzhen Kerokan P0D-1 W pulse oximeter was used to measure heart rate and spO2, with values recorded once every 500 m. Results: Altogether, 49 healthy volunteers were recruited between March 2023 and August 2023. With increasing altitude, TcPO2 and spO2 decreased significantly (P scent from 0 m, TcPO2 began to change statistically at 500 m (P s spO2 began to change statistically at 1000 m (P same altitude, the difference in TcPO2 was greater than the difference in spO2. At 1000 m, there were statistically significant changes in TcPO2 and spO2 (P s >500 m, statistical significance was identified between TcPO2 in both sexes (P statistical significance in TcPCO2 and heart rate was observed at the different elevations (P sion: In acutely changing low-pressure hypoxic environments, TcPO2 changed more dramatically than spO2 © Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： Altitude change Low-pressure oxygen chamber Transcutaneous oxygen saturation Transcutaneous partial pressure of oxygen

Generation of polarized electron beams through self-injection in the interaction of a laser with a pre-polarized plasma

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High Power Laser science and Engineering 2024年第3期12卷 62-68页

作者： L.R.Yin X.F.Li Y.J.Gu N.Cao Q.Kong M.Büscher s.M.Weng M.chen z.M.sheng Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application(MoE) Institute of Modern PhysicsDepartment of Nuclear Science and TechnologyFudan UniversityShanghaiChina state Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina sANKEN(Institute of scientific and Industrial Research) Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan sichuan Research Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityChengduChina Peter Grünberg Institut(PGI-6) Forschungszentrum JülichJülichGermany Institut für Laser-und Plasmaphysik Heinrich-Heine-Universität DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas(MoE) School of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Collaborative Innovation Center of IFsA Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Tsung-Dao Lee Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina

Polarized electron beam production via laser wakefield acceleration in pre-polarized plasma is investigated by particlein-cell *** evolution of the electron beam polarization is studied based on the Thomas±Bargmann±Michel±Telegdi equation for the transverse and longitudinal self-injection,and the depolarization process is found to be influenced by the injection *** the case of transverse self-injection,as found typically in the bubble regime,the spin precession of the accelerated electrons is mainly influenced by the ***,in the case of longitudinal injection in the quasi-1D regime(for example,*** et al.,***.110,135002(2013)),the direction of electron spin oscillates in the laser *** the electrons move around the laser axis,the net influence of the laser field is nearly zero and the contribution of the wakefield can be ***,an ultra-short electron beam with polarization of 99%can be obtained using longitudinal self-injection.

关键词： laser wakefield acceleration longitudinal self-injection particle-in-cell simulation polarized electron beam

Extractable and kerogen-bound hopanoids from typical Eocene oil shales in China

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Energy Geoscience 2024年第2期5卷 171-179页

作者： Changbo zhai zhirong zhang john K.Volkman Hong Lu Yan'e chen sINOPEC Key Laboratory of Petroleum Accumulation Mechanisms Wuxi Institute of Petroleum GeologySINOPEC2060 Lihu RoadWuxiJiangsu213126China sINOPEC Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute 31 Xueyuan RoadBeijing100083China state Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of ScienceGuangzhou510640GuangdongChina

This study conducted a comparative analysis of extractable hopanoid hydrocarbons and those released via stepwise pyrolysis of typical Eocene immature oil shales in China,namely the Huadian,Maoming,and Fushun *** the Huadian and Maoming shales exhibit immature indicators in extractable and kerogen-bound hopanoids(notably,high abundance of C_(29)to C_(32)17β,21β-hopanes and unsaturated hopenes).In contrast,the Fushun oil shale's hopanoids from extracts and pyrolyzates suggest a higher maturity *** absence of neohopenes in the pyrolyzates of the shales underpins that the kerogenbound hopanoid skeletons resist ***,the Huadian oil shale's asymmetric distribution of C_(29)and C_(30)hopenes and neohopenes hints at the presence of an additional *** unsaturated hopenes,such as hop-20(21)-enes,identified in pyrolyzates of the three kerogens at various pyrolysis temperatures,reveal the occurrence of double bonds in kerogen-bound hopanoid skeletons without methyl *** absence of hop-20-(21)-ene in extracts suggests that it might act as an intermediate of these novel hopenes during the epimerization of hopanoid skeletons within *** extractable and pyrolytic hopanoids'stereochemical alignment indicates that epimerization may occur in both ring systems and alkyl side chains of kerogen-bound hopanoid *** stepwise pyrolysis proves to be a quick screening method for geological hopanoids without causing any significant alteration to the original skeletons even when cracking multiple covalent bonds is necessary.

关键词： Hopanoid Hopane Hopene Neohopene stepwise pyrolysis Kerogen Eocene oil shale

A four-band index for both liquid and solid water and its applications in the Aral sea Basin

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science China Earth sciences 2024年第3期67卷 769-788页

作者： Bing YUE Xi chen saibo LI zhengping DU john WILsON Junhui YANG Yimen JIAO shuangyan HUANG chenghu zHOU Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Institute of Geographical sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China spatial sciences Institute University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089-0374USA

Various investigations have been conducted to analyze the water-coverage area of the Aral sea and the Aral sea Basin(AsB). However, the investigations incorporated considerable uncertainty and the used water indices had misclassification problem, which made different research groups present different results. Thus we first ascertain the boundaries of the AsB, the syr and Amu river basins as well as their upper, middle and lower reaches. Then a four-band index for both liquid and solid water(ILsW) is proposed to address the misclassification problems of the classic water indices. ILsW is calculated by using the reflectance values of the green, red, near infrared, and thermal infrared bands, which combines the normalized difference water index(NDWI) and land surface temperature(LsT) together. Validation results show that the ILsW water index has the highest accuracy by far in the Aral sea Basin. Our results indicate that annual average decline of the water-coverage area was 963 km^(2) in the southern Aral sea, whereas the northern Aral sea has experienced little change. In the meanwhile, permanent ice and snow in upper reach of AsB has retreated considerably. Annual retreating rates of the permanent ice and snow were respectively 6233and 3841 km^(2) in upper reaches of Amu river basin(UARB) and syr river basin(UsRB). One of major reasons is that climate has become warmer in AsB. The climate change has caused serious water deficit problem. The water deficit had an increasing trend since the 1990s and its increasing rates was 3.778 billion m^(3) yearly on average. The total water deficit was 76.967 billion m^(3) on average in the whole area of AsB in the 2010s. However, up reaches of syr river basin(UsRB), a component area of AsB, had water surplus of 25.461 billion m^(3). These conclusions are useful for setting out a sustainable development strategy in AsB.

关键词： Aral sea Basin syr river basin Amu river basin Water indices Water-coverage area Water deficit Climate change

Desialylated Platelet Clearance in the Liver is a Novel Mechanism of systemic Immunosuppression

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Research 2024年第3期2023卷 35-50页

作者： June Li Danielle Karakas Feng Xue Yingyu chen Guangheng zhu Yeni H.Yucel sonya A.MacParland Haibo zhang john W.semple john Freedman Qizhen shi Heyu Ni Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group TorontoONCanada Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical science of st.Michael's Hospital TorontoONCanada Canadian Blood services Centre for Innovation TorontoONCanada Departments of Pediatrics Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWIUSA Blood Research Institute Versiti WisconsinMilwaukeeWIUSA Departments of Ophthalmology and Vision sciences Medicine University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Faculty of Engineering and Architectural science Ryerson UniversityTorontoONCanada Multi-Organ Transplant Program Toronto General Hospital Research InstituteTorontoONCanada Department of Immunology University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Critical Care Medicine Department ofAnesthesiology and PainUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada Department of Physiology University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Department of Pharmacology University of TorontoTorontoONCanada. Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Lund UniversityLundSweden clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine Ofice of Medical ServicesRegion SkaneLundSweden Department of Medicine University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Children's Research Institute Children's WisconsinWauwatosaWIUSA Midwest Athletes Against Childhood Cancer Fund Research Center MilwaukeeWIUSA.

Platelets are small, versatile blood cells that are critical for hemostasis/thrombosis. Local platelet accumulation is a known contributor to proinflammation in various disease states. However, the anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressive potential of platelets has been poorly explored. Here, we uncovered, unexpectedly, desialylated platelets (dPLTs) down-regulated immune responses against both platelet-associated and -independent antigen challenges. Utilizing multispectral photoacoustic tomography, we tracked dPLT trafficking to gut vasculature and an exclusive Kupffer cell-mediated dPLT clearance in the liver, a process that we identified to be synergistically dependent on platelet glycoprotein Ibα and hepatic Ashwell–Morell receptor. Mechanistically, Kupffer cell clearance of dPLT potentiated a systemic immunosuppressive state with increased anti-inflammatory cytokines and circulating CD4+ regulatory T cells, abolishable by Kupffer cell depletion. Last, in a clinically relevant model of hemophilia A, presensitization with dPLT attenuated anti-factor VIII antibody production after factor VIII ( infusion. As platelet desialylation commonly occurs in daily-aged and activated platelets, these findings open new avenues toward understanding immune homeostasis and potentiate the therapeutic potential of dPLT and engineered dPLT transfusions in controlling autoimmune and alloimmune diseases.

关键词： Platelet transfusion homeostasis