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Distribution of antioxidants and phenolic compounds in flour milling fractions from hard red winter wheat

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Grain & Oil Science and Technology 2024年第2期7卷 71-78页

作者： Lauren Renee brewer Jittawan Kubola Sirithon Siriamornpun Yong-Cheng Shi Department of Grain Science and Industry Kansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA Department of Food Innovation and Processing Faculty of Agricultural TechnologyBuriram Rajabhat UniversityBuriram 31000Thailand Research Unit of Thai Food innovation Department of Food Technology and NutritionMahasarakham UniversityMahasarakham 44000Thailand

Mature wheat kernels contain three main parts:endosperm,bran,and *** milling results in multiple streams that are chemically different;however,the distribution of antioxidants and phenolic compounds has not been well documented in terms of conventional milling by-product *** this study,multiple analytical methods were used to investigate antioxidant activity and phenolic compound compositions of hard red winter wheat(whole ground wheat),the parts of a wheat kernel(bran,flour,germ),and wheat by-product streams(mill feed,red dog,shorts)for the first *** each mill stream,phenolic compounds(total,flavonoid,and anthocyanin contents)were determined and antioxidant activities were evaluated with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)radical-scavenging activity,ferric reducing/antioxidant power(FRAP),and total antioxidant capacity *** differences(P<0.05)were observed in phenolic concentrations among fractions of bran,flour,and germ milled from the same kernels and noted that germ accounts for the majority of antioxidant properties,whereas bran contains a substantial portion of phenolic compounds and *** feed was high in phenolic content(5.29 mg FAE/g),total antioxidant capacity(866 mg/g),and antioxidant activity(up to 75% DPPH inhibition and 20.26μmol FeSO_(4)/g).The comprehensive information on distribution of antioxidants and phenolic compounds provides insights for future human consumption of commonly produced co-products from flour milling,and for selecting and using different milling fractions to make foods with improved nutritional properties.

关键词： Wheat Milling streams Antioxidants Phenolic acids Flavonoid Anthocyanin

PXR variants:the impact on drug metabolism and therapeutic responses

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2016年第5期6卷 441-449页

作者： C.Trent brewer Taosheng Chen Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics St.Jude Children's Research Hospital Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program University of Tennessee Health Science Center

The pregnane X receptor(PXR) plays an important and diverse role in mediating xenobiotic induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes and *** protein isoforms of PXR exist,and they have differential transcriptional activity upon target genes; transcript variants 3(PXR3) and 4(PXR4) do not induce target gene expression,whereas transcript variants 1(PXR1) and 2(PXR2) respond to agonist by activating target gene *** protein variants also display differences in protein–protein interactions; PXR1 interacts with p53,whereas PXR3 does ***,the transcript variants of PXR that encode these protein isoforms are differentially regulated by methylation and deletions in the respective promoters of the variants,and their expression differs in various human cancers and also in cancerous tissue compared to adjacent normal ***1 and PXR4 m RNA are downregulated by methylation in cancerous tissue and have divergent effects on cellular proliferation when ectopically *** detailed and comparative mechanistic studies are required to predict the effect of PXR transcript variant expression on carcinogenesis,therapeutic response,and the development of toxicity.

关键词： Pregnane X receptor Transcript variants Drug metabolism Therapeutic responses Toxicity

Diverse Roles of Strigolactones in Plant Development

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Molecular Plant 2013年第1期6卷 18-28页

作者： Philip B. brewer Hinanit Koltai Christine A. Beveridget The University of Queensland School of Biological Sciences St Lucia Queensland 4072 Australia Institute of Plant Sciences Agricultural Research Organization The Volcani Center PO Box 6 Bet Dagan 50250 Israel

With the discovery of strigolactones as root exudate signals that trigger parasitic weed seed germination, and then as a branching inhibitor and plant hormone, the next phase of strigolactone research has quickly revealed this hormone class as a major player in optimizing plant growth and development. From the early stages of plant evolution, it seems that strigolactones were involved in enabling plants to modify growth in order to gain advantage in competi- tion with neighboring organisms for limited resources. For example, a moss plant can alter its growth in response to strigolactones emanating from a neighbor. Within a higher plant, strigolactones appear to be involved in controlling the balance of resource distribution via strategic modification of growth and development. Most notably, higher plants that encounter phosphate deficiency increase strigolactone production, which changes root growth and promotes fungal symbiosis to enhance phosphate intake. The shoot also changes by channeling resources away from unessential leaves and branches and into the main stem and root system. This hormonal response is a key adaption that radically alters whole-plant architecture in order to optimize growth and development under diverse environmental conditions.

关键词： strigolactone branching root secondary growth germination symbiosis light nutrient evolution.

Cellular and Molecular Requirements for Polar PIN Targeting and Transcytosis in Plants

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Molecular Plant 2008年第6期1卷 1056-1066页

作者： Jurgen Kleine-Vehn tukasz tangowski Justyna Wisniewska Pankaj Dhonukshe Philip B brewer Jiri Friml Department of Plant Systems Biology VIB and Department of Molecular Genetics Ghent University 9052 Gent Belgium Zentrum fur Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen (ZMBP) Universitat Tubingen 72076 Tubingen Germany Present address: Institute of General and Molecular Biology Nicolas Copernicus University 87-100 Torun Poland Present address: Department of Biology Utrecht University 3508 TB Utrecht The Netherlands Present address: Centre for Integrative Legume Research University of Queensland Brisbane Australia

The polar, sub-cellular localization of PIN auxin efflux carriers determines the direction of intercellular auxin flow, thus defining the spatial aspect of auxin signalling. Dynamic, transcytosis-like relocalizations of PIN proteins occur in response to external and internal signals, integrating these signals into changes in auxin distribution. Here, we examine the cellular and molecular mechanisms of polar PIN delivery and transcytosis. The mechanisms of the ARF-GEF-dependent polar targeting and transcytosis are well conserved and show little variations among diverse Arabidopsis ecotypes consistent with their fundamental importance in regulating plant development. At the cellular level, we refine previous findings on the role of the actin cytoskeleton in apical and basal PIN targeting, and identify a previously unknown role for microtubules, specifically in basal targeting. PIN protein delivery to different sides of the cell is mediated by ARFdependent trafficking with a previously unknown complex level of distinct ARF-GEF vesicle trafficking regulators. Our data suggest that alternative recruitment of PIN proteins by these distinct pathways can account for cell type- and cargo-specific aspects of polar targeting, as well as for polarity changes in response to different signals. The resulting dynamic PIN positioning to different sides of cells defines a three-dimensional pattern of auxin fluxes within plant tissues.

关键词： cytoskeleton polarity protein targeting.

Semiconducting Carbon Nanotube/Fullerene Blended Heterojunctions for Photovoltaic Near-Infrared Photon Harvesting

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Nano Research 2011年第11期4卷 1174-1179页

作者： Dominick J. Bindl Adam S. brewer Michael S. Arnold 1509 University Ave. Materials Science and Engineering Dept. University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI 53706 USA

We demonstrate that the near-infrared （NIR） absorptivity of semiconducfing single-walled carbon nanotubes （s-SWCNTs） can be harnessed in blended heterojunctions with the fullerene derivative [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester （PCBM）. Photogenerated charge separation is efficiently driven by the ultrahigh interracial area of the blends and the favorable energy offsets between the two materials. NIR-sensitive photovoltaic and photodetector devices utilizing the stack （indium tin oxide/ca. 10 nm s-SWCNT：PCBM/100 nm CJ10 nm 2,9- dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-],10-phenanthroline （BCP）/Ag） were fabricated with NIR power conversion efficiencies 〉1.3% and peak, zero bias external quantum efficiency of 18% at λ = 1205 nm.

关键词： Carbon nanotube bulk heterojunction photovoltaic photodetector near-infrared (NIR)

SARS-CoV-2 infection of monocytes:balancing acts of antibodies and inflammasomes

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2022年第8期7卷 2668-2669页

作者： R.Camille brewer William H.Robinson Tobias V.Lanz Division of Immunology and Rheumatology Department of MedicineStanford University School of Medicine269 Campus DriveStanfordCA 94305USA Geriatric Research Educationand Clinical Centers(GRECC)VA Palo Alto Health Care System3801 Miranda AvePalo AltoCA 94304USA

In a recent study in Nature,Junqueira et *** evidence that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infects human monocytes and lung macrophages.1 The infection is antibody-mediated via Fc-receptors(FcγRs),and activates NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasomes,which in turn induce pyroptosis and halt viral *** monocytes secrete the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and IL-18,which contribute to systemic inflammation and severe coronavirus disease 19(COVID-19)(Fig.1).

关键词： NLRP3 monocytes infection

Alleviating forest degradation in the Lancang-Mekong Region requires closing management—measurement gaps

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第6期31卷 2033-2051页

作者： Julia brewer James Douglas Langston Kalifi Ferretti-Gallon John LInnes Shuyu Xin Hongbo Zhai Guangyu Wang Faculty of Forestry University of British Columbia2424 Main MallVancouverBCCanada APFNet Secretariat 6th FloorBaoneng Center Building A12 Futong DongdajieChaoyang DistrictBeijing 100102P.R.China

Deforestation and forest degradation are having profound negative impacts on social-ecological systems in the emerging economies across the ***,interest in restoring and rehabilitating degraded forests has been *** paper explores current issues related to addressing forest degradation in the Lancang-Mekong Region(LMR)of Southeast Asia through a review of the use of criteria and indicators for forest degradation and *** degradation must be understood in the context of its underlying drivers,which are numerous and *** these underlying drivers of degradation requires diagnosing the entwined political,social,economic,and environmental systems that aff ect *** are the relevant scales to diagnose and intervene for improved *** to restore or rehabilitate forests should be process-driven,focused on the underlying social,ecological and political processes that degrade *** should also include negotiation among all actors infl uencing and competing for natural resource claims in forest *** and indicators for forest landscape restoration should therefore help to improve the governance of forest *** and indicators provide measures of the biophysical outcomes of degradation,in addition to processes,but these should be adapted to changing contexts and emerging challenges,and should rectify any pre-existing fl awed *** activities should synthesize,integrate,and build upon the rich history of pre-existing restoration guidelines,but should be adaptable in order to be applied eff ectively in the contexts of local *** project is facilitating a dialogue around the use of criteria and indicators to help solve the degradation challenge in the *** will trial the use of the criteria and indicators generated through this research in the LMR to learn what works and what doesn’*** will provide an opportunity t

关键词： Forest rehabilitation Forest restoration Forest landscape restoration Sustainable forest management Criteria and indicators

Electronic Properties of CeCuGa

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Chinese Physics Letters 1998年第1期15卷 62-64页

作者： HOU Yu-rnin JIN Duo WANG Yu-peng LUO Jian-lin E.Nyeanchi D.F.brewer AL.Thomson Cryogenic Laboratory Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100080 Physics Laboratory University of SussexBrightonU.K.

Specific heat in applied magnetic fields were measured to a low temperature 0.08 K and resistance to *** specific heat shows a wide peak at 1 K,and a high value of the electronic coefficientγ(T→0)1200 mJ/mol·K^(2) is *** temperature independence of the wide peak in specific heat at 1K in magnetic fields further suggests that the high valueγof CeCuGa is due to Kondo effect.

关键词： resistance effect independence

Ductile Thrusting-shearing Genesis of Hongzhen Granitoid, Anhui Province

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Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry 1994年第3期13卷 236-245页

作者：张开均黄钟瑾施央申黄良书乔烈光 R.C.brewer Department of Earth Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing Department of Geology University of Alabama Tuscaloosa USA Geological Team 326 of Geological Bureau of Anhui Province Anqing

As view from the petrological, mineralogical and petrochemical studies, the Hongzhen granitoid is characterized by the autichthonous-parautochthonous transformation. The source rocks are mainly felsic clastic sediments with a small amount of intermediate magmatite in the Zhangbaling *** granitoid is covered by mylonite and migmatite, and the three rocks share much in common with respect to their REE distribution pattems and the W-type distribution of transition elements,indicating that they all came from identical souree rocks. The granitoid belongs to collision granites or post-orogenic granitoids resulting from ductile thrusting-shearing under 550℃ and 7 × 108 Pa conditions in the foreland of the Yangtze plate during the Late Indosinian movement, and from metasomatism plus partial melting.

关键词：花岗岩糜棱岩混合岩安徽柔韧剪切带