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阿司匹林用于骨科术后静脉血栓栓塞症预防——临床证据进展与指南的变化

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中华创伤骨科杂志 2024年第2期26卷 180-184页

作者：龙安华张亚奎首都医科大学附属北京潞河医院创伤骨科北京101100

骨科手术患者是静脉血栓栓塞症(VTE)的高危人群,围手术期使用抗凝药物预防VTE已经成为临床共识。全球的VTE预防指南在抗凝药物的推荐上各有侧重,比较一致的推荐是首选低分子肝素(LMWH)预防,其次是普通肝素、磺达肝癸钠、华法林、阿司匹... 详细信息

骨科手术患者是静脉血栓栓塞症(VTE)的高危人群,围手术期使用抗凝药物预防VTE已经成为临床共识。全球的VTE预防指南在抗凝药物的推荐上各有侧重,比较一致的推荐是首选低分子肝素(LMWH)预防,其次是普通肝素、磺达肝癸钠、华法林、阿司匹林及其他新型口服抗凝药(DOACs)。其中阿司匹林是一种价格便宜、并发症少且广泛使用的抗血小板药物,在预防心肌梗死、卒中和某些特殊癌症方面疗效明确,早期也被应用于骨科术后VTE预防。北美地区较多研究结果显示阿司匹林对预防VTE有效并一直被沿用至今,但欧亚地区则较少使用阿司匹林预防VTE。阿司匹林在VTE预防中的作用和效果存在较大争议,早期与近期的研究结论相反,指南推荐也互相矛盾。故本文将围绕阿司匹林对骨科手术后VTE预防的临床证据与指南推荐进行文献综述。

关键词：阿司匹林肺栓塞抗凝药深静脉血栓形成

Theoretical and experimental investigations on an X-shaped vibration isolator with active controlled variable stiffness

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第8期45卷 1371-1386页

作者： Zeyu CHAI j.T.HAN Xuyuan SONG jian ZANG Yewei zhang Zhen zhang College of Aerospace Engineering Shenyang Aerospace UniversityShenyang 110136China jacobs School of Engineering University of California San DiegoSan Diego CA 92122U.S.A. Key Laboratory of Vibration and Control of Aero-Propulsion System Ministry of EducationNortheastern UniversityShenyang 110819China

A novel X-shaped variable stiffness vibration isolator(X-VSVI)is *** Runge-Kutta method,harmonic balance method,and wavelet transform spectra are introduced to evaluate the performance of the X-VSVI under various *** layer number,the installation angle of the X-shaped structure,the stiffness,and the active control parameters are systematically *** addition,a prototype of the X-VSVI is manufactured,and vibration tests are carried *** results show that the proposed X-VSVI has a superior adaptability to that of a traditional X-shaped mechanism,and shows excellent vibration isolation performance in response to different amplitudes and forms of ***,the vibration isolation efficiency of the device can be improved by appropriate adjustment of parameters.

关键词： bionic vibration isolation X-shaped structure variable stiffness structure nonlinear dynamics prototype experiment

Thermo-kinetic characteristics on stabilizing hetero-phase interface of metal matrix composites by crystal plasticity finite element method

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journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第2期169卷 53-67页

作者： Y.B.zhang S.j.Song F.Liu State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China Analytical&Testing Center Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China

Using dislocation-based constitutive modeling in three-dimension crystal plasticity finite element(3D CPFE)simulations,co-deformation and instability of hetero-phase interface in different material systems were herein studied for polycrystalline metal matrix composites(MMCs).Local stress and strain fields in two types of 3layer MMCs such as fcc/fcc Cu-Ag and fcc/bcc Cu-Nb have been predicted under simple compressive ***,more severe strain-induced interface instability can be observed in the fcc/bcc systems than in the fcc/fcc systems upon refining to metallic nanolayered composites(MNCs).By detailed analysis of stress and strain localization,it has been demonstrated that the interface instability is always accompanied by high-stress concentration,i.e.,thermodynamic characteristics,or high strain prevention i.e.,kinetic characteristics,at the hetero-phase *** then follows that the thermodynamic driving forceG and the kinetic energy barrier Q during dislocation and shear banding can be adopted to classify the deformation modes,following the so-called thermo-kinetic *** by inserting a high density of high-energy interfaces into the Cu-Nb composites,such thermo-kinetic integration at the hetero-phase interface allows a successful establishment of MMCs with the high△G-high Q deformation mode,which ensures high hardening and uniform strain distri-bution,thus efficiently suppressing the shear band,stabilizing the hetero-phase interface,and obtaining an exceptional combination in strength and *** hetero-phase interface chosen by a couple of thermodynamics and kinetics can be defined as breaking the thermo-kinetic correlation and has been proposed for artificially designing MNCs.

关键词： Thermodynamics and kinetics Physics-based constitutive modeling Hetero-phase interface Crystal plasticity finite element

Bioactive compounds in Hericium erinaceus and their biological properties:a review

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第4期13卷 1825-1844页

作者： Yue Qiu Genglan Lin Weiming Liu Fuming zhang Robert j.Linhardt Xingli Wang Anqiang zhang College of Food Science and Engineering Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310014China Zhejiang Biosan Biotech Co. Ltd.Hangzhou 310052China Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary StudiesRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyNY 12180USA Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Biomedical Engineering Biological ScienceCenter for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary StudiesRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyNY 12180USA

Hericium erinaceus is a nutritious edible and medicinal fungi,rich in a variety of functional active ingredients,with various physiological functions such as antioxidation,anticancer,and enhancing *** is also effective in protecting the digestive system and preventing neurodegenerative *** this review paper,we summarize the sources,structures and efficacies of the main active components in *** fruiting body,mycelium,and culture media,and update the latest research progress on their biological activities and the related molecular *** on this information,we provide detailed challenges in current research,industrialization and information on the active ingredients of *** for future studies and new applications of *** are proposed.

关键词： Hericium erinaceus Bioactive compounds Biological activities Antioxidation Neuroprotection Immunoregulation

A proton birdcage coil integrated with interchangeable single loops for multi-nuclear MRI/MRS

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journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2024年第2期25卷 168-180页

作者： Yi zhang Zhiyan QUAN Feiyang LOU Yujiao FANG Garth j.THOMPSON Gao CHEN Xiaotong zhang Department of Neurosurgery the Second Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310009China Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases Hangzhou310009China MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology College of Biomedical Engineering&Instrument ScienceZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China School of Medicine Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310020China iHuman Institute School of Life Science and TechnologyShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China College of Electrical Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China

Energy metabolism is fundamental for *** encompasses the utilization of carbohydrates,lipids,and proteins for internal processes,while aberrant energy metabolism is implicated in many *** the present study,using three-dimensional(3D)printing from polycarbonate via fused deposition modeling,we propose a multi-nuclear radiofrequency(RF)coil design with integrated 1H birdcage and interchangeable X-nuclei(^(2)H,^(13)C,^(23)Na,and^(31)P)single-loop coils for magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)/magnetic resonance spectroscopy(MRS).The single-loop coil for each nucleus attaches to an arc bracket that slides unrestrictedly along the birdcage coil inner surface,enabling convenient switching among various nuclei and animal *** to a commercial 1H birdcage coil,the proposed 1H birdcage coil exhibited superior signal-excitation homogeneity and imaging signal-to-noise ratio(SNR).For X-nuclei study,prominent peaks in spectroscopy for phantom solutions showed excellent SNR,and the static and dynamic peaks of in vivo spectroscopy validated the efficacy of the coil design in structural imaging and energy metabolism detection simultaneously.

关键词： Energy metabolism Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) Magnetic resonance spectroscopy(MRS) Multi-nuclear Radiofrequency coil Three-dimensional(3D)printing

城市小区安全自治如何夯实国家安全基层基础——基于长沙市j小区业主自管的案例研究

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城市发展研究 2024年第5期31卷 118-125页

作者：杨安华杨航广东技术师范大学管理学院湘潭大学公共管理学院

中共“二十大”开启了由基层安全联结国家安全的中国安全治理新路径，通过加强小区安全治理夯实国家安全的基层基础，成为学术界回应国家重大战略需求的重要议题。基于长沙市j小区业主自管的案例研究发现，业主自管具备充分的法理基础... 详细信息

中共“二十大”开启了由基层安全联结国家安全的中国安全治理新路径，通过加强小区安全治理夯实国家安全的基层基础，成为学术界回应国家重大战略需求的重要议题。基于长沙市j小区业主自管的案例研究发现，业主自管具备充分的法理基础和完善的治理要素，能填补国家安全体系的基层“真空”,业主自管参与小区安全治理实际上是小区嵌入国家安全治理环境并展开行为活动的过程：以创新小区传统治理模式为基础，业主自管通过结构嵌入、政策嵌入、资本嵌入和文化嵌入等方式与小区安全治理实现深度融合，助力小区重构治理核心、强化制度规范、整合治理资本与培育公共文化，实现了小区安全的有效治理，以此夯实了国家安全最为基层的基础。

关键词：小区安全国家安全业主自管基层自治

Males armed with big weapons win fights at limited cost in ant-mimickingjumping spiders

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Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 98-108页

作者： Guocheng Yu Boon Hui Wong Christina j.Painting Hongze Li Long Yu Zengtao zhang Shichang zhang Daiqin Li State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering and Centre for Behavioral Ecology and Evolution School of Life SciencesHubei UniversityWuhan430062China Departmentof Biological Sciences National University of Singapore14 Science Drive 4Singapore 117543Singapore Te Aka Matuatua School of Science University of WaikatoPrivate Bag 3105Hamilton 3240New Zealand

A core assumption of sexual selection theory is that sexually selected weapons,specialized morphological structures used directly in male con-tests,can improve an individual's reproductive success but only if the bearer can overcome associated costs,the negative effects on the bear-er's fitness ***,recent studies have shown that producing and wielding exaggerated weapons may not necessarily be ***,some traits can be selected for supporting,or compensating for,the expense of producing and wielding such exaggerated weapons.n the ant-mimicking jumping spider Myrmarachne gisti,exaggerated chelicerae are borne only by adult males and not females,showing sexual dimorphism and steep positive allometry with body ***,we determine the potential benefits of bearing exaggerated chelicerae during male contests and explore the potential for costs in terms of prey-capture efficiency and compensation between chelicera size and neighboring trait *** males with longer chelicerae won most of their male-male contests,we found no significant differences in prey-capture effi-ciency between males and females regardless of whether prey was winged or ***'elongated chelicerae thus do not impede their efficiency at capturing ***,we found that the sizes of all neighboring traits are positively correlated with chelicera size,suggesting that these traits may be under correlational *** together,our findings suggest that *** males armed with the exaggerated chelicerae that function as weapons win more fights at limited cost for performance in prey capture and compensate for neighboring structures.

关键词： allometry ant-mimic costs elongated chelicerae threat devices trait compensations

Error field penetration in j-TEXT tokamak based on two-fluid drift-MHD model

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第4期33卷 545-551页

作者：王文徐涛张仪 the j-TEXT team State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology International Joint Research Laboratory of Magnetic Confinement Fusion and Plasma PhysicsSchool of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

An externally generated resonant magnetic perturbation can induce complex non-ideal MHD responses in their resonant *** have studied the plasma responses using Fitzpatrick's improved two-fluid model and program *** calculated the error field penetration threshold for *** addition,we find that the island width increases slightly as the error field amplitude increases when the error field amplitude is below the critical penetration ***,the island width suddenly jumps to a large value because the shielding effect of the plasma against the error field disappears after the *** scanning the natural mode frequency,we find that the shielding effect of the plasma decreases as the natural mode frequency ***,we obtain the m/n=2/1 penetration threshold scaling on density and temperature.

关键词： plasma responses drift-MHD model error field penetration

Nanophononic metamaterials induced proximity effect in heat flux regulation

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Frontiers of physics 2024年第2期19卷 149-156页

作者： jian zhang Haochun zhang Gang zhang School of Energy Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China Institute of High Performance Computing Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A*STAR)Singapore 138632Singapore

Recent studies have shown that the construction of nanophononic metamaterials can reduce thermal conductivity without affecting electrical properties,making them promising in many fields of application,such as energy conversion and thermal ***,although extensive studies have been carried out on thermal conductivity reduction in nanophononic metamaterials,the local heat flux characteristic is still *** this work,we construct a heat flux regulator which includes a silicon nanofilm with silicon *** regulator has remarkable heat flux regulation ability,and various impacts on the regulation ability are ***,even in the region without nanopillars,the local heat current is still lower than that in pristine silicon nanofilms,reduced by the neighboring nanopillars through the thermal proximity *** combine the analysis of the phonon participation ratio with the intensity of localized phonon modes to provide a clear *** findings not only provide insights into the mechanisms of heat flux regulation by nanophononic metamaterials,but also will open up new research directions to control local heat flux for a broad range of applications,including heat management,thermoelectric energy conversion,thermal cloak,and thermal concentrator.

关键词： nanophononic metamaterials proximity effect