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High omega arachidonic acid/docosahexaenoic acid ratio induces mitochondrial dysfunction and altered lipid metabolism in human hepatoma cells

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World Journal of Hepatology 2020年第3期12卷 84-98页

作者： Reem Ghazali Kosha J Mehta SW Annie Bligh ihab Tewfik Dahn Clemens Vinood B Patel School of Life Sciences University of WestminsterLondon W1W 6UWUnited Kingdom Clinical Biochemistry Department Faculty of medicineKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah 21589Saudi Arabia Centre for Education Faculty of Life Sciences and MedicineKing's College London SE11ULUnited Kingdom Caritas Institute of Higher Education Hong Kong 999077China Nebraska and Western Iowa Veterans Administration Medical Center and Department of Internal Medicine University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE 68198United States

BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is a common cause of liver disease worldwide and is a growing epidemic. A high ratio of omega-6 fatty acids to omega-3 fatty acids in the diet has been implicated in the development of NAFLD. However, the inflicted cellular pathology remains unknown. A high ratio may promote lipogenic pathways and contribute to reactive oxygen species(ROS)-mediated damage, perhaps leading to mitochondrial ***, these parameters were investigated to understand their contribution to NAFLD *** To examine the effect of increasing ratios of omega-6:3 fatty acids on mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism *** Hep G2-derived VL-17 A cells were treated with normal(1:1, 4:1) and high(15:1,25:1) ratios of omega-6: omega-3 fatty acids [arachidonic acid(AA):docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)] at various time points. Mitochondrial activity and function were examined via MTT assay and Seahorse XF24 analyzer, *** accumulation was determined by using Enzy Chrom? and levels of ROS were measured by fluorescence intensity. Protein expression of the mediators of lipogenic, lipolytic and endocannabinoid pathways was assessed by Western *** High AA:DHA ratio decreased mitochondrial activity(P < 0.01;up to 80%) and promoted intracellular triglyceride accumulation(P < 0.05;40%-70%).Mechanistically, it altered the mediators of lipid metabolism;increased the expression of stearoyl-Co A desaturase(P < 0.05;22%-35%), decreased the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha(P < 0.05;30%-40%) and increased the expression of cannabinoid receptor 1(P < 0.05;31%).Furthermore, the high ratio increased ROS production(P < 0.01;74%-115%) and reduced mitochondrial respiratory functions such as basal and maximal respiration, ATP production, spare respiratory capacity and proton leak(P < 0.01;35%-68%).CONCLUSION High AA:DHA ratio induced triglyceride accumulation, increased oxida

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Lipogenesis Omega fatty acids Mitochondrial dysfunction Reactive oxygen species Oxidative stress

Microalgae Lipid Triggering by Cooling Stressing

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Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 2012年第12期6卷 1918-1924页

作者： Marian Elmoraghy Thaddeaus Webster ihab Farag Chemical Engineering Department University of New Hampshire Durham 03824 New Hampshire USA

Microalgae lipids/oils are a promising feedstock for biodiesel production. The desired lipids are triacylglycerols. These can either be transesterified to biodiesel or decarboxylated to ＂green diesel＂. Increasing microalgae lipids production by thermal stressing is important in improving the economics of biodiesel production, but its effectiveness needs to be determined. This paper focuses on the effect of cooling stressing lipid triggering on the microalgae production and lipids yield. Two microalgae species were studied, Chlorella sp. and Dunaliella. In each case, microalgae were grown in two identical 2 L PBRs （photobiorectors） at room temperature. At the end of the exponential growth phase, one PBR was placed in a cold environment while the other PBR was left at room temperature. Microalgae was harvested, freeze dried and the algae oil was extracted. Measurements show that cooling stressing slightly increased the biomass of algae （11% for C2 and 13% for Dunaliella）, but it decreased the lipids content of the microalgae, 62% for Chlorella sp. and 13% for Dunaliella. The net effect is a decrease in the lipid production rate （mg lipid/L-day） 58% in case of Chlorella sp., and 2% in case of Dunaliella.

关键词： Microalgae biodiesel lipid triggering Chlorella sp. Dunaliella Soxhlet extraction.

Analysis and Trends for Future MEMS Markets

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Computer Aided Drafting,Design and Manufacturing 2008年第1期18卷 102-108页

作者： ihab El Fituri MOHAMED El Mahdi Ali School of Computer Science Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics School of Instrumentation Science & Opto-Electronics Engineering Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics

Micro and Nano technology are engineering on an extremely small scale. Already they are being applied to create many new products. Nanotechnology is predicted to become the basis for remarkably powerful and inexpensive computers, fundamentally new medical technologies that could save millions of lives, sensors important in military application as well as environmental protection. The main aim of this review is to concentrate information from different printed and online sources and help to make a right decision in very dynamic sensor market as well as let know what we should expect in the nearest future.

关键词： sensors market MEMS microtechnology nanosensors

Structural Health Monitoring for Reinforced Concrete Containment Using Inner Electrical Resistivity Method

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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2021年第3期11卷 317-341页

作者： Mostafa Hassaan Mohamed ihab Elmasry Nabil El Ashkar Construction and Building Engineering Department Arab Academy for Science Technology and Maritime Transport Alexandria Egypt

Nuclear power plants (NPPs) are considered as the main source for generating electricity nowadays in some countries. The effect of impact of heavy fully loaded aeroplane such as (Boeing 747-200c) causes leakage of the radiation through the cracks generated on the external RC containment of NPPs, and this leads to severe damage for humans and cities. In this research paper, external RC containment is modeled using ANSYS and hit by Boeing 747-200c which is the heavier aeroplane compared to other jets and causes severe damage for external RC containment. In addition, the impact location for Boeing 747-200c is considered at 30 m vertical height. RC containment response was studied after the impact of an aeroplane and a proposed structural health monitoring technique is applied using embedded sensors in order to detect and locate the embedded cracks that is generated due to the effect of impact of heavy aeroplane. It was concluded that RC containment is intact except for the impact region which is damaged. An experimental program was applied on a part of the element in ANSYS which is away from the impact region. Four specimens were cast using heavy weight concrete in laboratory. Three cracked specimens consist of different lengths of vertical cracks which represent different times of impact in order to replicate crack propagation as in ANSYS. The cracks are simulated inside laboratory specimens using failure criteria. The parameters used in detecting the cracks for specimens are the percentage change in electrical resistivity and Decimal Logarithm

关键词： Reinforced Concrete Containment Structural Health Monitoring Electrical Resistivity

Sharp Expansion of Intensive Groundwater Irrigation,Semi-Arid Environment at the Northern Bekaa Valley Lebanon

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Natural Resources 2015年第6期6卷 381-390页

作者： ihab Jomaa Myriam Saade Sbeih Ronald Jaubert Department of Irrigation and Agrometeorology Lebanese Agriculture Research InstituteZahleLebanon Graduate Institute of Geneva GenevaSwitzerland

This research focuses on the sharp expansion of groundwater irrigation in the Northern Beqaa, using Landsat satellite images and other auxiliary GIS relevant data sources. Topographic maps were used to assess the location and size of the irrigated area in the early 1960s as the initial years of agriculture expansion analysis. The first available Landsat image of the area was of the year 1972 followed with a series of accessible Landsat images until 2009. In the 1960s, agricultural practices were only limited to areas of surface water resources and open channels next to urban settlements. In the Early 1980s, farmers discovered the agricultural potential of the area. Only 3% of the area was cultivated before the 1970s. The cultivated area reached about the 20% in late 1990s. Weather conditions, shallowness of groundwater tables, low fuel costs and market opportunities have led to an agricultural boom in the area considered as prone to desertification and of low productivity by national authorities. The area is however poorly understood from its hydro geological characteristics and exposed to intensive and unsustainable use of its natural resources.

关键词： Northern Bekaa Agriculture Expansion Landsat NDVI Surface Irrigation Surface Water Sources Groundwater

Continuity Culture:A Key Factor for Building Resilience and Sound Recovery Capabilities

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2015年第4期6卷 428-437页

作者： ihab Hanna S.Sawalha John R.Anchor Julia Meaton Risk Management Department The American University of Madaba(AUM) Department of Strategy Marketing and EconomicsUniversity of Huddersfield Business School

This article investigates the extent to which Jordanian service organizations seek to establish continuity culture through testing, training, and updating of their business continuity plans. A survey strategy was adopted in this research. Primary and secondary data were *** interviews were conducted with five senior managers from five large Jordanian service organizations registered with the Amman Stock Exchange. The selection of organizations was made on the basis of simple random sampling. Interviews targeted the headquarters only in order to obtain a homogenous sample. Three out of five organizations could be regarded as crisis prepared and have better chances for recovery. The other two organizations exhibited characteristics of standard practice that only emphasizes the recovery aspect of business continuity management(BCM), while paying less attention to establishing resilient cultures and embedding BCM. The findings reveal that the ability to recover following major incidents can be improved by embedding BCM in the culture of the organization and by making BCM an enterprise-wide process. This is one of few meticulous studies that have been undertaken in the Middle East and the first in Jordan to investigate the extent to which service organizations focus on embedding BCM in the organizational culture.

关键词： Business continuity Jordan Organizational culture and resilience Services sector

Adapting LTE M-2-M Protocol Standard to Fulfil Latency Requirements for IEC 61850 GOOSE Messages

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International Journal of Communications, Network and System Sciences 2015年第5期8卷 154-160页

作者： Ali M. Allam Mohamed Saied ihab Aly Department of Electronic Communication and Computer Engineering Helwan University Cairo Egypt

Generic Object Oriented Substation Event (GOOSE) Messages face a great challenge in its communication requirements especially in latency point of view. The appearance of the Long-Term Evolution (LTE) has opened a new way that can be used due to its great performance, compared with previous wireless technologies. In order to use LTE technology within the GOOSE message transfer, several points must be put into consideration, and additional requirements need to be within both LTE User Equipment (UE) side and network side. In this paper, we are going to adapt part of the LTE standards to fulfil the requirements of GOOSE messages which needs latency more than or equal to 20 ms, using an experimental approach. The results show that LTE can satisfy the target requirements of latency within the acceptable Bit Error Rate (BER).

关键词： M2M LTE-A GOOSE Messages Smart Grid

Atorvastatin-induced severe gastric ulceration: A case report

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第20期11卷 3159-3160页

作者： ihab I El-Hajj Fadi H Mourad Nina S Shabb Kassem A Barada Department of Internal Medicine American University of Beirut Medical Center(AUBMC) Beirut Lebanon Department of Pathology AUBMC Beirut Lebanon

A 41-year-old man presented with severe gastric ulceration 3 mo after beginning treatment with atorvastatin 20 mg once daily for hypercholesterolemia. The patient was not taking any ulcerogenic drugs and had no evidence of Helicobacter pylori infection. Proton pump inhibitor therapy was initiated and atorvastatin was replaced by simvastatin with complete resolution of gastrointestinal symptoms. To our knowledge, this is the first report of atorvastatin-induced gastric ulceration,which should be looked for in patients who develop abdominal pain while on this drug.

关键词： Atorvastatin Drug toxicity Gastric ulceration

Reactive oxygen species and antioxidants relationship in the internal spermatic vein blood of infertile men with varicocele

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2006年第4期8卷 451-454,516页

作者： TaymourMostafa TarekH.Anis SherifGhazi AbdelRahmanEl-Nashar Hager Imam ihab A.Osman Andrology Department Faculty of MedicineCairo UniversityCairo 12311Egypt Medical Biochemistry Department Ophthalmology Institute GizaEgypt

Aim:To assess the relation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)and antioxidants in the internal spermatic vein blood compared to the peripheral venous ***:Sixty-eight infertile oligoasthenozoospemic patients associated with varicocele were *** inguinal varicocelectomy,blood samples of internal sper- matic as well as median cubital veins were *** ROS factors(malondialdehyde[MDA],hydrogen peroxide H_2O_2,nitric oxide[NO])and four antioxidants(superoxide dismutase[SOD],catalase[Cat],glutathione peroxidase[GPx] and vitamin C)were estimated in these blood ***:Mean levels of tested ROS factors were significantly higher in the internal spermatic venous blood compared to those in the peripheral one (mean±SD)(MDA 18.7±1.4 nmol/mL vs.15.4±1.4 nmol/mL,H_2O_2 43.6±8.0 μmol/mL vs.30.8±8.1 μmol/mL,NO 2.3±0.5 nmol/L vs.1.6±0.4 nmol/L,P<0.01).Mean levels of tested antioxidants were significantly lower in the internal spermatic venous blood compared to those in the peripheral one(superoxide dismutase 1690.7±130.0 U/mL vs.1818.5±143.0 U/mL,catalase 38.9±6.1 mol/L vs.47.9±10.2 mol/L,GPx 20.4±8.1 U/mL vs.23.0±8.4 U/mL,vita- min C 0.3±0.1 vs.0.4±0.1 mg/dL,P<0.05).Conclusion:Internal spermatic venous blood of infertile male cases associated with varicocele demonstrated elevated levels of ROS and decreased levels of antioxidants compared to peripheral venous circulation.(Asian J Androl 2006 Jul;8:451-454)

关键词： varicocele spermatic vein reactive oxygen species antioxidants