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Therapeutic effects of garlic in cardiovascular atherosclerotic disease

Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2019年第10期17卷 721-728页

作者： igor a.sobenin Veronika A.Myasoedova Maria I.Iltchuk ZHANG Dong-Wei Alexander N.Orekhov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology 121552 MoscowRussian Federation Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology 125315 MoscowRussian Federation Research Institute of Threpsology and Healthy Lo ngevity Plekhanov Russian University of Economics117997 MoscowRussian Federation Diabetes Research Center Traditional Chinese Medicine SchoolBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing 100029China Institute of Human Morphology 117418 MoscowRussian Federation

Garlic(Allium sativum) is a widely known medicinal plant, potential of which remains to be fully evaluated. Its wide-range beneficial effects appear to be relevant for treatment and prevention of atherosclerosis and related diseases. It is generally believed that garlic-based preparations are able to improve lipid profile in humans, inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis, suppress low density lipoprotein oxidation, modulate blood pressure, suppress platelet aggregation, lower plasma fibrinogen level and increase fibrinolytic activity, thus providing clinically relevant cardioprotective and anti-atherosclerotic effects. It is important to assess the level of evidence available for different protective effects of garlic and to understand the underlying mechanisms. This information will allow adequate integration of garlic-based preparations to clinical practice. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of anti-atherosclerotic effects of garlic preparations, focusing on antihyperlipidemic, hypotensive, anti-platelet and direct anti-atherosclerotic activities of the medicinal plant. We also provide an overview of available meta-analyses and a number of clinical trials that assess the beneficial effects of garlic.

关键词： Atherosclerosis Dyslipidemia Cardiovascular disease Natural medicines Garlic

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Mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrial DNA mutations in atherosclerotic complications in diabetes

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World Journal of Cardiology 2012年第5期4卷 148-156页

作者： Dimitry A Chistiakov igor a.sobenin Yuri V Bobryshev Alexander N Orekhov Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology Pirogov Russian State Medical University117997 MoscowRussia Institute for Atherosclerosis Research Skolkovo Innovative Centre121609 MoscowRussia Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology Russian Academy of Medical Sciences125315 MoscowRussia Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex 121552 MoscowRussia Faculty of Medicine School of Medical SciencesUniversity of New South WalesNSW 2052SydneyAustralia

Mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA) is particularly prone to oxidation due to the lack of histones and a deficient mismatch repair *** explains an increased mutation rate of mtDNA that results in heteroplasmy,e.g.,the coexistence of the mutant and wild-type mtDNA molecules within the same *** diabetes mellitus,glycotoxicity,advanced oxidative stress,collagen cross-linking,and accumulation of lipid peroxides in foam macrophage cells and arterial wall cells may significantly decrease the mutation threshold required for mitochondrial dysfunction,which in turn further contributes to the oxidative damage of the diabetic vascular wall,endothelial dysfunc-tion,and atherosclerosis.

关键词： Mitochondrial DNA Mutation Heteroplasmy Atherosclerosis Diabetes Oxidative stress Ultrastructure

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Association of the level of heteroplasmy of the 15059G>A mutation in the MT-CYB mitochondrial gene with essential hypertension

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World Journal of Cardiology 2013年第5期5卷 132-140页

作者： igor a.sobenin Dimitry A Chistiakov Margarita A Sazonova Maria M Ivanova Yuri V Bobryshev Alexander N Orekhov Anton Y Postnov Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex 121552 Moscow Russia Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology Russian Academy of Medical Sciences 125315 Moscow Russia Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology Pirogov Russian State Medical University 119992 Moscow Russia Institute for Atherosclerosis Research Skolkovo Innovative Centre 143025 Moscow Russia Faculty of Medicine School of Medical Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia

AIM: To examine whether the heteroplasmy level for 15059G>A mutation in the mitochondrial genome might be associated with essential hypertension. METHODS: This cross-sectional study involved 196 unrelated participants randomly selected from general population (90 males and 106 females) who underwent a regular medical check-up at the Institute for Ath-erosclerosis Research (Moscow, Russia). One hundred and twenty of them (61%) had essential hypertension, and 76 (39%) were apparently healthy normotensive persons. The level of heteroplasmy for 15059G>A mutation occurring in the coding region of cytochrome b gene (MT-CYB) of mtDNA isolated from the blood leukocytes, was quantified using DNA pyrosequencing method. RESULTS: The 15059G>A heteroplasmy level ranged between 4% and 83%, with a median level of 31%. Between the upper and lower quartiles of 15059G>A heteroplasmy distribution, significant differences were observed for patients’ age, systolic blood pressure, and triglyceride levels. 15059G>A heteroplasmy correlated both with age (r = 0.331, P A heteroplasmy, and hypertension independently explains more 5% variability. The 15059G>A heteroplasmy exceeding 31% was found to be significantly associated with a higher risk of essential hypertension (odds ratio 2.76; P (Fisher) 0.019]. The study participants with high 15059G>A heteroplasmy level were found to have significantly higher age (P A heteroplasmy level. These observations suggested a positive correlation between the level of 15059G>A heteroplasmy and essential hypertension. CONCLUSION: This study provides the evidence of association of mtDNA 15059G>A mutation heteroplasmy with essential hypertension.

关键词： Essential hypertension Heteroplasmy Mi-tochondrial DNA 15059G>A mutation

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